Voiceless labiodental fricative

The voiceless labiodental fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in a number of spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨f⟩.

Some scholars also posit the voiceless labiodental approximant distinct from the fricative. The approximant may be represented in the IPA as ⟨ʋ̥⟩.

Features

Features of the voiceless labiodental fricative:

Its manner of articulation is fricative, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
Its place of articulation is labiodental, which means it is articulated with the lower lip and the upper teeth.
Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the central–lateral dichotomy does not apply.
The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.

Occurrence

Notes

^ Thelwall (1990), p. 37.
^ Dum-Tragut (2009), p. 18.
^ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992), p. 53.
^ Gussenhoven (1992), p. 45.
^ Wells (1982), p. 328.
^ Altendorf (1999), p. 7.
^ Clark & Trousdale (2010), p. 309.
^ Britain (2005), p. 1005.
^ Wood (2003), p. 50.
^ Gordon & Maclagan (2008), p. 74.
^ Bowerman (2004), p. 939.
^ Mesthrie (2004), p. 960.
^ Ladefoged (2005), p. 156.
^ Fougeron & Smith (1993), p. 73.
^ Jassem (2003), p. 103.
^ Cruz-Ferreira (1995), p. 91.
^ DEX Online : [1]
^ Padgett (2003), p. 42.
^ Landau et al. (1999), p. 67.
^ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003), p. 255.
^ Danylenko & Vakulenko (1995), p. 4.
^ Thompson (1959), pp. 458–461.
^ Merrill (2008), p. 109.

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References

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External links