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Crown (botany)

Tree crown

The crown of a plant is the total of an individual plant's aboveground parts, including stems, leaves, and reproductive structures. A plant community canopy consists of one or more plant crowns growing in a given area.

The crown of a woody plant (tree, shrub, liana) is the branches, leaves, and reproductive structures extending from the trunk or main stems.

Shapes of crowns are highly variable. The major types for trees are the excurrent branching habit resulting in conoid shapes and decurrent (deliquescent) branching habit, resulting in round shapes. Crowns are also characterized by their width, depth, surface area, volume, and density. Measurements of crowns are important in quantifying and qualifying plant health, growth stage, and efficiency.

Major functions of the crown include light energy assimilation, carbon dioxide absorption and release of oxygen via photosynthesis, energy release by respiration, and movement of water to the atmosphere by transpiration. These functions are performed by the leaves.

Crown classes

Trees can be described as fitting different crown classes. Commonly used are Kraft's classes.[1] Kraft designated these social classes based on temperate and boreal forests in Central Europe, so they do not necessarily work with every forest type in the world.

Kraft wrote in German so here are his classes with translations:

Often it has been simplified to Dominant, Co-dominant and Suppressed.[2]

Also IUFRO developed a tree classification it is based on three components with numbers that then aggregate to give a coded classification thus:[3]

Ecological criteria

Height component (Stand layer / Height class):

Vitality component (Tree vigor / vitality):

Future growth potential component (Developmental tendency / conversion tendency):

and then additionally

Silvicultural Criteria

Commercial worth

Trunk class

Коронный класс

Хотя классификации Крафта и IUFRO предназначены для описания отдельных крон деревьев, обе они могут применяться и применяются для описания целых слоев или этажей. [4]

Смотрите также

Рекомендации

  1. ^ «Архивная копия» (PDF) . Архивировано из оригинала (PDF) 19 мая 2017 г. Проверено 1 июня 2016 г.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. ^ Леса: элементы сильвологии Рулофа А. А. Олдемана, Springer Science & Business Media, 2012, ISBN 9783642752131 , 624 стр. - стр. 180 
  3. ^ Леса: элементы сильвологии, Кровельщик А. А. Коулман, Springer Science & Business Media, 2012, ISBN 9783642752131 , 624 стр. 
  4. ^ Национальные инвентаризации лесов: вклад в оценку биоразнообразия лесов Герардо Киричи, Сюзанна Винтер, Рональд Э. МакРобертс Springer Science & Business Media, 2011 — 206 стр.

дальнейшее чтение

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