A number of organizations, museums and monuments are intended to serve as memorials to the Holocaust, the Nazi Final Solution, and its millions of victims.
Memorials and museums listed by country:
Other sections:
Albania
Holocaust memorial, with inscription written in three stone plaques in English, Hebrew, and Albanian: “Albanians, Christians, and Muslims endangered their lives to protect and save the Jews.” (Tirana)[1][2]
Argentina
The Holocaust Museum of Buenos Aires (Buenos Aires)[3]
National Memorial to the Victims of the Holocaust (Plaza de la Shoá, Buenos Aires)[4]
102,000 Stones Monument (Dutch: De 102.000 stenen) at the former Westerbork transit camp (Dutch: Kamp Westerbork) in Hooghalen, Drenthe, with a stone without a name for each victim.[77]
Amersfoort
the polizeiliches durchgangslager Kamp Amersfoort located at the border between Amersfoort and Leusden
Victory Park, [Tashkent] monument[152] unveiled in May 2022 to honour Uzbeks who assisted Jewish refugees during World War II. It is sculpted by Victory Park. It was created by Uzbeki [Marina Borodina].
The monument is located in the city's Victory Park
^The German national memorial to the people with disabilities systematically murdered by the Nazis was dedicated in 2014 in Berlin.[44][45] It is located in Berlin in a site next to the Tiergarten park, which is the former location of a villa at Tiergartenstrasse 4 where more than 60 Nazi bureaucrats and doctors worked in secret under the "T4" program to organize the mass murder of sanatorium and psychiatric hospital patients deemed unworthy to live.[45]
References
^Semini, Llazar (9 July 2020). "Albania, only country with more Jews after the Holocaust, inaugurates memorial". The Times of Israel.
^Dolsten, Josefin (22 August 2020). "Holocaust survivor architect designs memorial for Albanians who rescued Jews". The Times of Israel.
^"museodelholocausto.org.ar". museodelholocausto.org.ar. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
^Hormigón y objetos rotos para no olvidar a las víctimas del Holocausto, por Susana Reinoso Clarín (Argentine newspaper), 3 April 2015.
^"Jewish Holocaust Centre". Jewish Holocaust Centre. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
^"Holocaust Memorial". Leo Baeck Centre for Progressive Judaism. 30 March 2015. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
^"Jewish Victims of the Holocaust". Monument Australia. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
^"Sydney Jewish Museum – Memorials". Sydney Jewish Museum. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
^"Holocaust- und Toleranzzentrum Steiermark (Holocaust and Tolerance Center Styria)". Holocaust- und Toleranzzentrum Stmk. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
^"Mauthausen-memorial.at". Mauthausen-memorial.at. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
^"Kazerne Dossin". Kazerne Dossin: Museum, Memorial and Documentation Centre on Holocaust and Human Rights. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
^"National Monument to the Jewish Martyrs of Belgium". Gedenkstättenportal zu Orten der Erinnerung in Europa. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
^"Memorial da Imigração Judaica e do Holocausto". Retrieved 3 June 2022.
^Lott, Diana (19 November 2017). "First Holocaust Museum to be Inaugurated in São Paulo". Folha de S.Paulo. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
^"Jewish Historical Museum". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 31 July 2019.
^"Dimitar Peshev Museum". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 31 July 2019.
^"House-Museum "Dimiter Peshev"". Regional Historical Museum. Retrieved 31 July 2019.
^"Monument of Gratitude". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 31 July 2019.
^"Yom HaShoah: Holocaust Remembrance Day commemorated in Edmonton". Edmonton Jewish News. 6 May 2016. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
^"Home – Sarah and Chaim Neuberger – Holocaust Education Centre – UJA Federation of Greater Toronto". www.holocaustcentre.com. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
^"VHEC.org". VHEC.org. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
^"Hong Kong Holocaust and Tolerance Centre (香港大屠杀和宽容中心)". Hong Kong Holocaust and Tolerance Centre. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
^"Shanghai Jewish Museum – Overview". Shanghai Jewish Refugees Museum (上海犹太难民纪念馆). Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
^""The Wall of Shanghai List" unveiled". Shanghai Jewish Refugees Museum. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
^Luxner, Larry (3 May 2004). "Polish stone for Cuba's Shoah memorial". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
^"Cuba's First Holocaust Exhibit Opens at the Sephardic Center in Havana". USC Press Room. 21 December 2011. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
^"The Memorial of Silence".
^www.trudesojka.museum
^"Gallery: New exhibition explores Europe's Holocaust rescue stories". ERR. 19 September 2024. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
^"Homepage". Maison d'Izieu. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
^"Centre de la mĂŠmoire d'Oradour". Oradour.org. Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
^"The Shoah Memorial in Drancy". Retrieved 24 November 2022.
^"The Shoah Memorial in Drancy". Mémorial de la Shoah. 2016. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
^"Centre Hospitalier Isarien: Histoire: La guerre 39-45". Centre Hospitalier Isarien (in French). Retrieved 19 June 2020.
^"Memorial to the patients of the Clermont psychiatric ward: Remembrance". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
^"Accueil - Gurs". Camp de Gurs (in French). Retrieved 21 June 2020.
^"Présentation: Inauguration du Mémorial de l'internement et de la déportation". Mémorial de l'internement et de la déportation Camp de Royallieu (in French). 16 February 2016. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
^"Les Milles Camp Memorial: Remembrance". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
^"Vélodrome d'Hiver: Remembrance". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
^"CERCIL – Study and Research Centre on the Internment Camps in Loiret: Remembrance". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
^"Natzweiler-Struthof Museum and European Centre of Deported Resistance Members". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
^"Memorial and Information Point for the Victims of National Socialist "Euthanasia" Killings". Foundation Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
^ a b"Berlin Dedicates Holocaust Memorial for Disabled – Global Agenda – News". Arutz Sheva. 2 September 2014.
^"Landsberg im 20. Jahrhundert: Europäische Holocaustgedenkstätte". www.buergervereinigung-landsberg.org. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
^Smith, Helena (9 May 2010). "Athens unveils its first Holocaust memorial". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
^"The Jewish Museum of Greece". Archived from the original on 7 September 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
^"Jewish Museum of Thessaloniki". Archived from the original on 25 January 2016. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
^"THMM". www.holocausteducenter.gr. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
^"The History of the Jewish Community of Rhodes". Jewish Community of Rhodes. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
^"Jewish Museum of Rhodes". Retrieved 4 February 2016.
^"Official website".
^"HDKA.hu". Hdke.hu. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
^"dohany-zsinagoga.hu". Retrieved 25 October 2022.
^"Opening of Indonesian Holocaust Museum Met With Islamist Backlash". thediplomat.com. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
^"Melihat Museum Holocaust di Sulut yang Keberadaannya Ramai Ditentang (Visiting a Holocaust museum at North Sulawesi whose its existence were opposed)". Detik.com. 5 February 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
^"Ghetto Fighters' House Museum".
^"From Holocaust to Revival Museum". Yad- Mordechai Museum.
^"Israel city unveils gay Holocaust victims memorial - Houston Chronicle". www.chron.com. Archived from the original on 11 January 2014.
^"The Anne Frank Children's Human Rights Memorial".
^"Holocaust Education Center, Japan". urban.ne.jp. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
^"アンネのバラの教会". アンネのバラの教会. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
^Auschwitz Peace Museum Archived 23 February 2019 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 2 March 2019.
^"Holocaust Exhibition". Vilna Gaon State Jewish Museum.
^"Paneriai Memorial". Vilna Gaon State Jewish Museum.
^"New Holocaust Memorial in Šeduva, Lithuania". Jewish Heritage Europe. June 2015.
^"Kauno IX forto muziejus".
^"Sugihara House".
^"The Green House Holocaust Museum, Vilnius".
^"CDMX". Retrieved 24 November 2022.
^"The Dock Worker Monument: Remberance". Gedenkstättenportal zu Orten der Erinnerung in Europa..
^"Hollandsche Schouwburg: Remembrance". Gedenkstättenportal zu Orten der Erinnerung in Europa.
^"Joods Monument". Joods Monument. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
^"Nationaal Monument Kamp Vught". Camp Vught National Memorial.
^"The National Westerbork Memorial". Herinneringscentrum Kamp Westerbork.
^"Hooghalen, 'De 102.000 stenen'". 4en5mei.nl (in Dutch). Nationaal Comité 4 en 5 mei (National Committee for 4 and 5 May. Retrieved 25 April 2023.
^"Philippine-Israel Friendship Park unveiled". Embassy of Israel in the Philippines. 19 August 2019. Retrieved 28 May 2019.
^"Ghetto Heroes Memorial: Remembrance". Gedenkstättenportal zu Orten der Erinnerung in Europa.
^"Museum of the Former Death Camp in Sobibór". Muzeum Byłego Obozu Zagłady w Sobiborze. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
^"Bucharest: Holocaust Memorial". Gedenkstättenportal zu Orten der Erinnerung in Europa. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
^"Elie Wiesel Memorial House". Gedenkstättenportal zu Orten der Erinnerung in Europa. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
^"Memorial to the Victims of the 1941 Pogrom, Bucharest". Gedenkstättenportal zu Orten der Erinnerung in Europa. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
^"Holocaust Memorial in Târgu Mures". Gedenkstättenportal zu Orten der Erinnerung in Europa. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
^"Dedicatie". Muzeul Memorial al Holocaustului din Transilvania de Nord (in Romanian). Retrieved 8 March 2019.
^"Oradea's Monument to the Deportees is Renovated and Rededicated in a Special Ceremony". Oradea Jewish Community. 2008. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
^"Holocaust Center". Центр и Фонд Холокост (Holocaust Center and Foundation) (in Russian). Retrieved 15 March 2019.
^"Pushkin: Commemoration of Jewish Victims". The Untold Stories. The Murder Sites of the Jews in the Occupied Territories of the Former USSR. Jerusalem, Israel: Yad Vashem. Retrieved 18 July 2019.
^"Memorial "Formula of Sorrow"". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 18 July 2019.
^"Memorial Plaque to the Victims of the First Deportation from Königsberg". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 18 July 2019.
^"Memorial to the victims of fascism in Kranodar". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
^"Monument at the site where the Jews of Lyubavichi were shot". Holocaust Memorials. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Topographie des Terrors. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
^"Ravine of Death Memorial to the Jews of Taganrog". Holocaust Memorials. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Topographie des Terrors. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
^"Memorial to Holocaust Victims Opened in Kaliningrad". Guarant-InfoCentre. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
^"Holocaust Memorial in Yantarny (Palmnicken)". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 18 July 2019.
^"Monument at Vostryakovskoye Cemetery". Holocaust Memorials. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Topographie des Terrors. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
^"Zmievskaya Balka Memorial". Holocaust Rostov-on-Don August 1942.
^""Menorah in Flames" Holocaust Memorial". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
^"Jewish Historical Museum of Belgrade". Holocaust Memorials. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
^"Museum of Genocide Victims". Belgrade. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
^"Memorial to the Poet Miklós Radnóti". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
^"Memorial to the Victims of the Kladovo-Transport". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
^"Memorial Park "October of Kragujevac"". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
^"The history (in English)". The Memorial Park October in Kragujevac. 2016. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
^"Memorial to the Victims of the Massacre at Novi Sad". Information Portal to European Sites of Rememerance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
^"Memorial at the Cemetery of the Murdered After the Suppression of the Slovak National Uprising". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 18 October 2019.
^"Holocaust Memorial Bratislava". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
^"Holocaust memorial". Jewish Bratislava. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
^"Museum of Jewish Culture in Bratislava". Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
^"Museum of Jewish Culture: About the museum". Slovak National Museum. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
^"V Huncovciach odhalili pamätník obetiam holokaustu" [Memorial to the victims of the Holocaust is unveiled in Huncovce]. Podtatranské noviny (in Slovak). Retrieved 20 October 2019.
^"Memorial plaque in the synagogue of Košice". Holocaust Memorials: Monuments, Museums and Institutions in Commemoration of Nazi Victims. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Topographie des Terrors. Retrieved 20 October 2019.
^"Memorial to the Slovak National Uprising". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 18 October 2019.
^"Memorial Plaque to the Victims of the Nováky Forced Labour and Concentration Camp". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 18 October 2019.
^"Memorial Plaque to the Deported Jews at Poprad Railway Station". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 20 October 2019.
^"Prešov Monument and Museum of Jewish Culture". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 20 October 2019.
^"Memorial plaque in Prešov Town Hall". Holocaust Memorials: Monuments, Museums and Institutions in Commemoration of Nazi Victims. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Topographie des Terrors. Retrieved 20 October 2019.
^"Sereď Holocaust Museum". Slovak National Museum. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
^"Zvolen – The Park of Generous Souls". Slovak Jewish Heritage. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
^"Loibl Süd Concentration Camp Memorial". Holocaust Memorials: Monuments, Museums and Institutions in Commemoration of Nazi Victims. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Topographie des Terrors. Retrieved 20 October 2019.
^"CTholocaust.co.za". CTholocaust.co.za. 12 September 2012. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
^"Our Centre – Durban Holocaust Centre". Ctholocaust.co.za. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
^"Johannesburg Holocaust & Genocide Centre". jhbholocaust.co.za. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
^"Memorial to the Six Million in Johannesburg, South Africa, 1959, 1995". Center for Jewish Art.
^"Memorial for the victims of the Holocaust". Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
^"Monumento a las víctimas del campo del Mauthausen (Almería)". Junta de Andalucía. Retrieved 25 May 2017.
^"70 years after the Holocaust, a Surinamese memorial for Caribbean victims | the Times of Israel". The Times of Israel.
^Ghiuzeli, Haim F. "The Great Synagogue of Stockholm". The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
^"Storsjöteatern". www.ostersund.se. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
^"Taiwan Holocaust Museum (Che Lu Chien Church)(臺灣Holocaust和平紀念館(車路墘教會))". Tainan Travel. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
^""Wailing Wall" for the murdered Jews of Bakhmut: Remembrance". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
^ a b"Memorial to the murdered Jews of Chernihiv". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
^"Kowel: Commemoration of Jewish Victims". The Untold Stories. The Murder Sites of the Jews in the Occupied Territories of the Former USSR. Yad Vashem. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
^"Bakhiv (Kovel)". Preserving and Memorializing the Holocaust Mass Graves of Eastern Europe. Protecting Memory. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
^"Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Kovel". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
^"Kysylyn". Preserving and Memorializing the Holocaust Mass Graves of Eastern Europe. Protecting Memory. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
^"Memorials to the murdered Jews of Lutsk". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
^"Memorial to the murdered Jews of Mariupol". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
^"Memorial to the Jews of Mukacheve: Remembrance". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
^"Holocaust Museum". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
^"История открытия музея |Холокост" [History of the Holocaust museum opening]. Odesa Regional Association of Jews - Former Ghetto Prisoners and Concentration Camps (in Ukrainian). 13 October 2013. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
^"Ostrozhets". Preserving and Memorializing the Holocaust Mass Graves of Eastern Europe. Protecting Memory. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
^"Memorial to the murdered Jews of Pryluky". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
^"Ratno: Commemoration of Jewish Victims". The Untold Stories. The Murder Sites of the Jews in the Occupied Territories of the Former USSR. Jerusalem, Israel: Yad Vashem. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
^"Prokhid". Preserving and Memorializing the Holocaust Mass Graves of Eastern Europe. Protecting Memory. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
^"Ostrozhets". Preserving and Memorializing the Holocaust Mass Graves of Eastern Europe. Protecting Memory. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
^"Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Rava-Ruska". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
^"Rava-Ruska". Preserving and Memorializing the Holocaust Mass Graves of Eastern Europe. Protecting Memory. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
^"Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Schitomir". Holocaust Memorials: Monuments, Museums and Institutions in Commemoration of Nazi Victims. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Topographie des Terrors. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
^"Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Zhytomyr". Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance. Berlin, Germany: Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
^"Memorial del Holocausto del Pueblo Judío" (in Spanish). Intendencia de Montevideo. Archived from the original on 22 July 2013. Retrieved 18 April 2013.
^Holt, Faygie (1 June 2022). "New monument in Tashkent spotlights Uzbek role in saving Jews during Holocaust". JNS.org. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
Further reading
Goldman, Natasha. Memory Passages: Holocaust Memorials in the United States and Germany (Temple University Press, 2022) online book review
Young, James. E (1993). The texture of memory: Holocaust memorials and meaning. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300059915.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Holocaust memorials.
Holocaust Memorials — by continents and countries
Information Portal to European Sites of Remembrance
Global Directory of Holocaust Museums
Holocaust Memorial Monuments — digital database of Holocaust Memorial Monuments all around the world