Найдите значение слова «оскорбление» или «эпитет» в Викисловаре, бесплатном словаре.
Ниже приведен список этнических оскорблений , этнофолизмов или этнических эпитетов , которые используются или использовались в качестве инсинуаций или обвинений в отношении членов определенной этнической , национальной или расовой группы или для обозначения их в уничижительной, пренебрежительной или иной оскорбительной манере.
Некоторые из перечисленных ниже терминов (например, «гринго», «янк» и т. д.) могут использоваться в повседневной речи без намерения кого-либо оскорбить. Коннотация термина и распространенность его использования в качестве уничижительного или нейтрального описания меняется со временем и в зависимости от географии.
Для целей этого списка этническое оскорбление — это термин, предназначенный для оскорбления других по признаку расы , этнической принадлежности или национальности . Каждый термин перечислен с указанием страны или региона использования, определения и ссылки на этот термин.
Этнические оскорбления могут также быть получены как расовый эпитет путем объединения оскорбления общего назначения с названием этнической группы, например, «грязный еврей» или «русская свинья». Другие распространенные оскорбительные модификаторы включают «собака» и «грязный»; такие термины не включены в этот список.
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See also
References
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[Translated Electronically] Not surprisingly, Chinese Americans who do not speak Chinese may be told that they are 'not really Chinese'. This message is found in the term ABC which stands for 'American-born Chinese'. It implies that the native-born who cannot speak Chinese has either rejected or lost his Chinese heritage. Yet many native-born Chinese Americans cheerfully use for themselves.
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Further reading
- Adhikari, Mohamed, editor. Burdened by Race: Coloured Identities in Southern Africa. UCT Press, 2013, pp. 69, 124, 203 ISBN 978-1-92051-660-4 [2].
- Burchfield, Robert. "Dictionaries and Ethnic Sensibilities." In The State of the Language, ed. Leonard Michaels and Christopher Ricks, University of California Press, 1980, pp. 15–23.
- Croom, Adam M. "Racial Epithets: What We Say and Mean by Them". Dialogue 51 (1):34–45 (2008)
- Henderson, Anita. "What's in a Slur?" American Speech, Volume 78, Number 1, Spring 2003, pp. 52–74 in Project MUSE
- Kennedy, Randall. Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word (Pantheon, 2002)
- Mencken, H. L. "Designations for Colored Folk." American Speech, 1944. 19: 161–74.
- Mathabane, M. (1986). Kaffir Boy: The True Story of a Black Youth's Coming of Age in Apartheid South Africa. Simon & Schuster. (Chapter 2)
- Wachal, Robert S. "Taboo and Not Taboo: That Is the Question." American Speech, 2002. vol. 77: 195–206.
Dictionaries
- Erin McKean, ed. The New Oxford American Dictionary, second edition. (Oxford University Press, 2005)
- Eric Partridge, A Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English (2002)
- John A. Simpson, Oxford English Dictionary Additions Series. ISBN 0-19-861299-0
- Catherine Soanes and Angus Stevenson, ed. The Concise Oxford English Dictionary. (Oxford University Press, 2004)