stringtranslate.com

Type V ship

Red Cloud (foreground), a type V2-ME-A1, alongside USNS David C. Shanks, outside the Oakland Bay Bridge in San Francisco Bay, California, 1950s. On the bow is a tugboat fender, also call beards or bow pudding, which are rope padding to protect the bow.

The Type V ship is a United States Maritime Commission (MARCOM) designation for World War II tugboats. Type V was used in World War II, Korean War, and the Vietnam War. Type V ships were used to move ships and barges. Type V tugboats were made of either steel or wood hulls. There were four types of tugboats ordered for World War II. The largest type V design was the sea worthy 186-foot (57 m) long steel hull, V4-M-A1. The V4-M-A1 design was used by a number of manufacturers; a total of 49 were built. A smaller steel hull tugboat was the 94-foot (29 m) V2-ME-A1; 26 were built. The largest wooden hull was the 148-foot (45 m) V3-S-AH2, of which 14 were built. The smaller wooden hull was the 58-foot (18 m) V2-M-AL1, which 35 were built. Most V2-M-AL1 tugboats were sent to the United Kingdom for the war efforts under the lend-lease act. The Type V tugs served across the globe during World War II including: Pacific War, European theatre, and in the United States. SS Farallon, and other Type V tugs, were used to help built Normandy ports, including Mulberry harbour, on D-Day, 6 June 1944, and made nine round trips to Normandy to deliver Phoenix breakwaters.[1][2]

Tugboats are used to maneuver vessels and barges by pushing or towing them. Tugs are needed to move vessels that either should not move by themselves, such as large ships in a crowded harbor or a narrow canal, or those that can not move by themselves, like as barges, disabled ships, or log rafts.[3] Tugboats are powerful for their small size and are strongly built. Early tugboats used steam engines, but most have diesel engines now. Many tugboats have firefighting water cannons, allowing them to assist in firefighting, especially in harbors. Some minesweepers like USS Vireo, USS Lark and USS Kingfisher were converted to ocean tugs for the war.

Ships in class

V2-ME-A1

Named for small US ports. They had steel hulls, with a displacement of 325 long tons (330 t), 100 ft (30 m) long, with a beam of 25 ft (7.6 m), and a draft of 11.5 ft (3.5 m). Many had Enterprise or Alco diesel engines that ranged from 700 to 1,000 hp (520 to 750 kW) with electric drives. They were classified the Hiawatha-class tug in US Navy service, with an original designation of YT, "District Harbor Tug". On 15 May 1944, they were redesignated YTB, "District Harbor Tug, Large", before finally being designated YTM, "Harbor Tug, Medium", in February 1962. The 26 V2-ME-A1's were built by six different builders; Birchfield Shipbuilding & Boiler Co., Inc., Tacoma, Washington, 6 tugs; Canulette Shipbuilding, Slidell, Louisiana, 4 tugs; Calumet Shipyard & Drydock, Chicago, Illinois, 5 tugs; Ira. S. Bushey & Sons, Brooklyn, New York, 5 tugs; General Ship & Engine Works, East Boston, Massachusetts, 2 tugs; and Brunswick Marine Construction Corporation, Brunswick, Georgia, 4 tugs.[4][5]

V4-M-A1

Trinidad Head, a V4-M-A1 tug, in New York July 1943

Named after lighthouses, the V4-M-A1's were the largest and most powerful tugs in the world when they were built in 1943. They had steel hulls, with a displacement of 1,613 long tons (1,639 t), 195 ft (59 m) long, with a beam of 37.5 ft (11.4 m), and a draft of 15.5 ft (4.7 m). The V4-M-A1 had a maximum speed of 14 kn (26 km/h; 16 mph). There were two engine manufacturers: National Supply Company, with 8–cylinder sets of 3,200 bhp (2,400 kW), and the Enterprise Engine & Trading Company, with 6–cylinders and 2,340 bhp (1,740 kW) power. The V4-M-A1's were operated by Moran Towing & Transportation, in New York, on behalf of the War Shipping Administration. Built by: Avondale Marine, in Westego, Louisiana, General Ships & Engine, in East Boston, Pennsylvania Shipyards, in Beaumont, Texas, Globe Shipbuilding, in Superior, Wisconsin, Froemming Brothers, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and Pendleton Shipbuilding, in New Orleans, Louisiana.[26][27][28][29][30]

V3-S-AH2

Compeller Tugboat on first on test runs, a type V3-S-AH2, built in 1944, by the Puget Sound Shipbuilding Company at Olympia, Washington, US Navy YN-14

Some were classed as YTB-"District Harbor Tug Large". A Douglas fir wood hull ship with a displacement of 1,220 long tons (1,240 t), 157 ft (48 m) long, with a beam of 32 ft (9.8 m), and a draft of 15 ft (4.6 m). They had triple-expansion reciprocating engines producing 1,000 hp (750 kW). They were capable of 10 kn (19 km/h; 12 mph) without a tow and about 6 kn (11 km/h; 6.9 mph) with a tow. They had a range of 1,500 mi (2,400 km). The V3-S-AH2's were manned by a crew of 27. They were built by Corpus Christi Shipyard, Corpus Christi, Texas, Puget Sound SB Company, Olympia, Washington, Standard Shipbuilding Company, San Pedro, California, and Astoria Shipbuilding, Astoria, Oregon.[32]

V2-M-AL1

YTL-718, a V2-M-AL1, on the quay wall at Navy Yard Mare Island, 8 November 1945

Port Sewall class tug. Named for American ports. All but one tug went for Lend-Lease use, some serviced in the Mediterranean Sea in WW2. V2-M-AL1 were: Wood hull, 90 tons, beam 19 foot, diesel engine with 240 horsepower, fuel Oil: 1920 gallons. Built by Puget Sound SB, Standard SB, Steinbach IW, Eureka Shipbuilding, Arlington SB, Texas SB, Siletz BW, Blair Company, Marinette Marine and Texas SB.[33][34]

ATR-1-class rescue tug

USS ATR-31

ATR-1 class - Auxiliary Tug Rescue was a wooden-hulled rescue tug that was built by Wheeler SB, Northwest Shipbuilding, Frank L. Sample, Jakobson Shipyard, Camden SB, Lynch SB, and Fulton Shipyard in 1944 and 1945. The 89 ATR-1-class tugs serve during World War II in both Asiatic-Pacific Theater and the European theatre of World War II. 40 of ATR-1 class had a displacement of 852 tons light and 1,315 tons fully loaded. They had a length of 165 feet 6 inches (50.44 m), a beam of 33 feet 4 inches (10.16 m) and draft of 15 feet 6 inches (4.72 m). Top speed of 12.2 knots (22.6 km/h; 14.0 mph). The largest boom had a capacity of 4 tons. They were armed with one 3-inch/50-caliber gun and two single Oerlikon 20 mm cannon. The crew complement was five officers and 47 enlisted men. They had a fuel capacity of 1,620 bbl (258 m3). The propulsion was one Fulton Iron Works vertical triple-expansion reciprocating steam engine with two Babcock and Wilcox "D"-type boilers with a single propeller creating 1,600 shp (1,200 kW). They had two turbo drive Ships Service Generators, rated at 60 kW 120 V D.C. Example is USS ATR-31.[36][37][38][39]

Cherokee-class tugboat

USS Navajo

The Cherokee class of fleet tugboats, originally known as the Navajo class, were built for the US Navy for World War II with a displacement of 1,235 long tons (1,255 t). They had a length of 205 ft (62 m), a beam of 38 ft 6 in (11.73 m), a draft of 18 ft (5.5 m). Their propulsion was composed of a diesel-electric engine with one shaft creating 3,600 hp (2,700 kW) and a top speed of 16.5 knots (30.6 km/h; 19.0 mph). They were give the hull classification symbol of "AT" for "Auxiliary Tug". The tugs were built by Bethlehem Mariners Harbor, Staten Island, Charleston Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, and United Engineering Co. Example: USS Navajo.[40]

Abnaki-class tugboat

US Abnaki-96 (ATF-96)

Abnaki-class tugboat were ocean fleet tugboats that were built for the US Navy for World War II with a displacement of 1,589 tons, a length of 205 ft 0 in (62.48 m), a beam of 38 ft 6 in (11.73 m), and a draft of 15 ft 4 in (4.67 m). They had a propulsion of: 4 × General Motors 12-278A diesel main engines, 4 × General Electric generators, 3 × General Motors 3-268A auxiliary services engines, with a single screw of 3,600 shp (2,700 kW) and a top speed: 16.5 knots. Class ATF for Auxiliary Tug Fleet. Built by Charleston Shipbuilding & Drydock. Example: USS Abnaki (ATF-96).[41]

Sotoyomo-class tugboat

Sotoyomo-class tugboat

Sotoyomo-class tugboat were tugboats that were built for the US Navy for World War II with a displacement of 534 long tons (543 t) light, 835 long tons (848 t) full, a length of 143 ft (44 m), a beam of 33 ft (10 m) and a draft of 13 ft (4.0 m). They had a propulsion of diesel-electric engine with a single screw and a top speed of 13 knots. Harbor tugs (YT) were named after American Indian tribes: Example tug is the USS Ontario (AT-13)[42][43]

Cahto-class district harbor tug

Cahto-class district harbor tug

Cahto-class district harbor tug was a harbour tug of the US Navy with a displacement of 410 long tons (417 t), a length of 110 ft 0 in (33.53 m), a beam of 27 ft 0 in (8.23 m) and a draft of 11 ft 4 in (3.45 m). They had a propulsion of diesel-electric engine with a single screw and a top speed of 12 knots. A crew of 12. Sample tug: USS Cahto (YTB-215). Built by Kneass Boat Works, Anderson & Cristofani, Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Norfolk Naval Shipyard, Consolidated Shipbuilding Corp., Defoe Shipbuilding Company, Gulfport Shipbuilding Corporation, Gibbs Gas Engine, Bushey & Sons Shipyard, W. A. Robinson, Greenport Basin, Mathis, Elizabeth City, Stone Boat Yard, Martinac, Ira Bushey, Luders Marine, Westergard, Everett-Pacific, United States Coast Guard Yard, Commercial Iron Works and Bethlehem Shipbuilding San Pedro.[44][45][46][47]

Hisada class harbor tug

Hisada class harbor tug is a subclass of Cahto-class district harbor tug. Hisada class harbor had the same design as the 260-ton Cahto-class district harbor tug. Harbor tugs (YT) were named after American Indian tribes. Example tugs: USS Nabigwon (YTB-521) and USS Wabanquot (YTB-525).[48]

Woban Class District Harbor Tug

Woban Class District Harbor Tug is a subclass of Cahto-class district harbor tug. Hisada class harbor had the same design as the 260-ton Cahto-class district harbor tug. Harbor tugs (YT) were named after American Indian tribes. Built by Pacific Coast Engineering, Puget Sound Navy Yard, and Consolidated Shipbuilding Corporation. Example tugs: Hoga (YT-146) and USS Nokomis (YT-142).[49]

US Army

US Army Motor Towing Launch (MTL) Tugs in 1944

For World War 2 the US Army had tugboats built to move cargo barges in harbors. The Army often called the tug a Sea Mule, used to move US Army barges. Astoria Marine Construction Company built 15 MTL.[50]

Bagaduce-class tugboat WW1

Bagaduce-class tugboat were World War 1 tug boats used in World War 1 and World War 2. During World War 1 these were called YMT-Yard Motor Tug. Engineered with a displacement of 1,000 long tons (1,016 t) (normal) and a length of 156 ft 8 in (47.75 m), a beam of 30 ft (9.1 m) and a draft of 14 ft 7 in (4.45 m), with a top speed of 12.4 knots. USS Example USS Sagamore (AT-20).[57]

Arapaho-class fleet tug WW1

Arapaho-class fleet tug

Arapaho-class fleet tug were World War 1 tug boats used in World War 1 and World War 2. Engineered with a displacement of 575 tons and a length of 122 ft 6 in (37.34 m), a beam of 24 ft (7.3 m) and a draft of 12 ft 10 in (3.91 m), with a top speed of 11 knots. Ships in class:

Canada Tugs

SS Rockdoe Canada tug, renamed Hoedic in 1947

Modified Ocean Warrior-class Tugs built by Kingston Ship Builder in Kingston ON. GT of 233 tons, 105 feet long, Beam of 26.2' and Draft of 12.5' with 1000HP, max of 14 knots, Steel hull, built between 1945 and 1946.[59][60]

Notable incidents

See also

References

  1. ^ Shipbuilding VType.
  2. ^ Shipbuilding Yard Tugs.
  3. ^ Martin 1930, pp. 22–23.
  4. ^ Van Der Ster.
  5. ^ Maritime.
  6. ^ Priolo 2010.
  7. ^ Priolo 2018.
  8. ^ Priolo 2020.
  9. ^ Priolo 2012.
  10. ^ Priolo 2012b.
  11. ^ Priolo 2015.
  12. ^ Retiredtugs.
  13. ^ Priolo 2010b.
  14. ^ Priolo 2022.
  15. ^ Priolo 2020b.
  16. ^ Priolo 2020c.
  17. ^ Priolo 2010c.
  18. ^ Priolo 2020d.
  19. ^ Priolo 2020e.
  20. ^ Priolo 2010d.
  21. ^ Priolo 2019.
  22. ^ Priolo 2020f.
  23. ^ Priolo 2020g.
  24. ^ Priolo 2010e.
  25. ^ Priolo 2010f.
  26. ^ www.usmm.org V ships
  27. ^ The Birth of The General Ship & Engine Works
  28. ^ usmaritimecommission.de Outboard Profiles of Maritime Commission Vessels The Tug Design's
  29. ^ Directory of the Ocean Going Tugs type V4-M-A1 by: Hans van der Ster
  30. ^ V-Type Tugs
  31. ^ Moose Peak
  32. ^ towingline.com, Directory of The Ocean Going Tugs type V3-S-AH2, (composed by: Hans van der Ster
  33. ^ towingline.com, Directory of Small Harbor Tugs type V2-M-A L1, composed by: Hans van der Ster]
  34. ^ NavSource, District Harbor Tug Small (YTL)
  35. ^ navsource.org, YTL 718
  36. ^ ATR-7
  37. ^ navsource.org ATR-1
  38. ^ ibiblio.org, USS ATR-64
  39. ^ shipbuildinghistory.com, ATR
  40. ^ "Navajo class". Uboat.net. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
  41. ^ Abnaki
  42. ^ UN Navy, Pearl Harbor: Why, How, Fleet Salvage and Final Appraisal, by Vice Admiral Homer N. Wallin, page 206
  43. ^ navsource.org, Sotoyomo
  44. ^ navsource.org Cahto (YTB-215)
  45. ^ "USS Cahto". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command. 2004. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
  46. ^ Lambert, Bruce (11 January 1992). "James E. Hair, 76, Naval Officer Whose Unit Broke Color Bar, Dies". The New York Times. New York. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
  47. ^ Cahto-class district harbor tug, 260 Ton , shipbuildinghistory.com
  48. ^ Hisada class harbor tug, 260 Ton, shipbuildinghistory.com
  49. ^ Woban Class District tug, 260 Ton, shipbuildinghistory.com
  50. ^ U.S. Army Tug-Transports (T, TP) shipbuildinghistory.com
  51. ^ U.S. Army Marine Tractors (MT, MTL) Built During WWII shipbuildinghistory.com
  52. ^ USAV TP-123 navsource.org
  53. ^ TP-111 tugboatinformation.com
  54. ^ TP 107 - Daring tugboatinformation.com
  55. ^ TP-118 tugboatinformation.com
  56. ^ U.S. Army Tug-Transports (T-Boats) shipbuildinghistory.com
  57. ^ USS Bagaduce (AT-21) at the Navy History and Heritage Command Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  58. ^ shipbuildinghistory.com Tug List
  59. ^ shipbuildinghistory.com, Canada ships of WW2
  60. ^ A Bridge of Ships: Canadian Shipbuilding During the Second World War, By James Pritchard, page 281
  61. ^ Directory of Tugs ATO
  62. ^ usspartridge.com
  63. ^ tugboatinformation.com Matagorda tug
  64. ^ Boon Island a V4-M-A1 tug
  65. ^ shipbuildinghistory.com, General Ship, East Boston MA
  66. ^ Great Isaac a V4-M-A1
  67. ^ Mobile Point a V4-M-A1
  68. ^ Screening Level Risk Assessment Package Mobile Point
  69. ^ navsource.org, YTL-566
  70. ^ navsource.org, YTL-199
  71. ^ navsource.org, Triton (YT-10)
  72. ^ historycentral.com, USS Pokagon (YT-274)
  73. ^ navsource, USS Shahaka (YTB-368)
  74. ^ "Sub sinks a tug boat". YouTube video. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
  75. ^ .navsource, YT-198
  76. ^ navsource.org, Arapaho
  77. ^ navsource, AT-200
  78. ^ navsource, ATR-15
  79. ^ Chetco
  80. ^ US Navy Typhoon Louise
  81. ^ navsource Catawba

Bibliography

External links