605: Birth of Hafsa, daughter of second caliph Umar and one of the wives of Muhammad.
610: 9 February— The first announced revelation of the Qur'an in the cave at Hira. He is given his first revelation from the Angel Gabriel in the cave. Khadija is the first to believe.[2]
655: Naval battle of the Masts against the Byzantines.
656:
In the summer a band of tribesmen from Egypt comes to Medina and after unsuccessful negotiations they attack and kill Uthman, the third Caliph.[6]Ali ibn Abi Talib becomes the fourth caliph.
10 December— Battle of the Camel outside Basra between forces loyal to Ali and dissidents. Decisive victory for Ali.[7]
692: October— The fall of Mecca. Death of ibn Zubayr. Abdul Malik becomes the sole caliph.
695: Kharijites' revolts in Jazira and Ahwaz. Battle of the Karun. Muslims wage war against Kahina in North Africa. The Muslims once again withdraw to Barqa. They advance in Transoxiana and occupy Kish.
700: Muslims attack the pagan Berbers in North Africa and convert all of them to Islam in a short period of time. By the end of this century, the global Muslim population had grown to 1 percent of the total.
^Life of Muhammad: 560-661 Muhammad helpebuild ...
^Life of Muhammad: 560-661 Muhammad is called to prophethood. He receives his first ...
^Life of Muhammad: 560-661 Battle of Badr, Muslims defeat the Meccans. The direction of prayer ...
^Richards, J.F. (1974). "The Islamic frontier in the east: Expansion into South Asia". Journal of South Asian Studies. Taylor & Francis. 4 (1): 91–109. doi:10.1080/00856407408730690. Retrieved 8 May 2015
^R. C. Majumdar. The History and Culture of the Indian People. Vol. 3. p. 167.
^ a bHawting 2002, p. 26.
^Hawting 2002, p. 27.
^Hawting 2002, p. 28.
^ a b cHawting 2002, p. 30.
^Hawting 2002, pp. 30–1.
^A. I. Akram, The Muslim conquest of Egypt and North Africa. Ferozsons, 1977. Page 201
^The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate By Wilferd Madelung. Page 340.
^Encyclopaedic ethnography of Middle-East and Central Asia: A-I, Volume 1 edited by R. Khanam. Page 543
^Clifford Edmund Bosworth (2007), Historic Cities of the Islamic World, BRILL, p. 260
Bibliography
Hawting, G. R (2002). The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661-750. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-55059-3.