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Barton-upon-Humber

Barton-upon-Humber (/ˈbɑːrtən əˈpɒn ˈhʌmbʌr/) or Barton is a town and civil parish in North Lincolnshire, England. The population at the 2011 census was 11,066.[1] It is situated on the south bank of the Humber Estuary at the southern end of the Humber Bridge. It is 6 miles (10 km) south-west of Kingston upon Hull and 31 miles (50 km) north north-east of the county town of Lincoln. Other nearby towns include Scunthorpe to the south-west and Grimsby to the south-east.

Geography

Barton is on the south bank of the Humber Estuary and is at the southern end of the Humber Bridge. The Viking Way starts near the bridge.[2]

Transport connections

The Barton – Cleethorpes Branch Line (opened 1849) via Grimsby terminates at Barton-on-Humber railway station. The A15 passes to the west of the town cutting through Beacon Hill, and has a junction with the A1077 Ferriby Road to South Ferriby. The B1218 passes north–south through the town, and leads to Barton Waterside. Bus services provided by Stagecoach in Lincolnshire and East Yorkshire link the town with Cleethorpes, Grimsby, Scunthorpe and Hull.[3]

History

Prehistoric

Cropmarks and the discovery of polished handaxes in the area surrounding Barton-upon-Humber suggest that the area was inhabited at least as far back as the Neolithic (circa 4000 to circa 2,500 BCE).[4][5]

Roman

No Roman settlement has been found in Barton-upon-Humber, though individual discoveries dating to the Roman period have been made: in 1828 a Roman cremation and an inhumation were discovered,[6] in 1967 part of a Roman road was excavated near Bereton school (now Baysgarth school),[7] and other finds of coins, potteries, querns, and other Roman objects have been made.[8][9][10] The Deepdale Hoard was discovered in the vicinity in 1979.[11]

Anglo-Saxon

St Peter's Church, Barton-upon-Humber, now administered by English Heritage

An Anglo-Saxon inhumation cemetery was discovered at Castledyke South during the construction of air raid shelters in 1939.[12] The cemetery, believed to have been in use from the late 5th or early 6th century until the late 7th century, was investigated and partially excavated during 1975 to 1990. The skeletal remains of 227 individuals were identified, including one who had undergone (and survived) trepanning.[13]

The Castledyke South area has been suggested to be the site of the Battle of Brunanburh (AD 937), one of the most defining battles in the history of the British Isles.[14] Historical sources tell of a huge fleet of warships entering the Humber led by Olaf Guthfrithsson. Olaf and a coalition force were overwhelmed in battle by King Æthelstan and his army, after which the defeated warriors and their leaders were said to have escaped in their ships.[15]

Medieval

Barton is mentioned as a Medieval borough in documents dating from 1086, 1216–1272 and 1298.[16] A ferry to Hull was first recorded in 1086.[17] The oldest residential building in Barton is 51 Fleetgate: it dates back to 1325 with the majority of the front of the building dating to 1425.[18] The Medieval manor in Barton was Tyrwhitt Hall which dates to at least the 15th century.

Churches

There are two Medieval churches extant in Barton-upon-Humber, St Peter's and St Mary's, located only about 170 yards apart.

St Peter's is a large, mostly Anglo-Saxon church. The Church of England made it redundant in 1972, after which the remains of some 2,750 people were removed. The significance of the human remains lies in their representing the pathology of an isolated community over the period ca. 950-ca. 1850. The church was reopened in May 2007 as a resource for medical research into the development of diseases and ossuary practices.[19][20][21] An excavation report on this, one of England's most extensively investigated parish churches, was published in 2007.[22][23]

St. Peter's predates St. Mary's, which may have originated as a chapel on the original market place. St. Mary's was enlarged and increased in importance as the town's trade thrived in the 12th and 13th centuries.[24][25][26][27]

18th century

19th century

The former head office of Elswick Hopper under conversion into flats (2006)

20th century

Education

Baysgarth School,[42] on Barrow Road, is a comprehensive school for ages 11–18. There are also three primary schools: St Peter's Church of England, on Marsh Lane;[43] the Castledyke Primary School[44] (formerly Barton County School), on the B1218; and Bowmandale Primary School,[45] in the south of the town.

Barton Grammar School,[46] which opened in 1931, used to be on Caistor Road. Henry Treece, the poet and author, was a teacher at the grammar school.[47]

Industry

The clay pits on the Humber foreshore were the focus of a tile and cement industry from 1850 to 1959.[48] The industrial sites were abandoned in the early 20th century once supplies of clay began to run out. The clay workings filled with water and became colonised by species of reeds. The reserve was acquired by Lincolnshire Wildlife Trust in 1983, who opened it as Far Ings National Nature Reserve in the same year.[49]

For 20 years, Barton-upon-Humber was home to a 750,000 square feet (70,000 m2) site for Kimberly-Clark. The site closed in March 2013 and more than 200 jobs were lost.[50] Wren Kitchens bought the site and moved to a new head office, 'The Nest', on the site, initially employing 429 people.[51] Wren extended the site in 2016, creating an additional 600 jobs.[52] In 2019 Wren announced successful plans to build a £120million extension to the site. The new site was expected to employ an additional 535 people.[53]

Culture

Events

An annual 'Bike night', a social event in the town celebrating motorcycles, has been held since 1997.[54] An annual arts festival has been held in Barton-upon-Humber since 1998.[55]

Museums

Since 1981, there has been a local history museum based in Baysgarth House, within Baysgarth Park.[56] In 2009, the Wilderspin National School museum opened following a £1.9 million funding investment. The school focuses on the life and works of Samuel Wilderspin.[57] In September 2020 an archive and exhibition centre dedicated to Ted Lewis was opened on Ferriby Road.[58]

Public Houses

Barton-upon-Humber has at least seven extant public houses, including The Volunteer Arms, The George Hotel, and The Wheatsheaf.[59] At least thirteen former public houses have been recorded from Barton, including the Steam Packet (on Fleetgate) which was demolished in 1848 in advance of the new railway here, and the Whitecross Tavern which closed in 1926.[60] Former pubs which have recently closed and since been redeveloped include The Blue Bell, which was redeveloped in 2016 into a housing complex named Blue Bell Court,[61] and the Carnival Inn, which was demolished in 2013.[62]

Local media

Regional TV news is provided by BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire and ITV Yorkshire. Television signals are received from the Belmont TV transmitter. [63]

Local radio stations are BBC Radio Humberside, Greatest Hits Radio East Yorkshire & Northern Lincolnshire, Hits Radio East Yorkshire & North Lincolnshire, Nation Radio East Yorkshire, Capital Yorkshire and Barton FM, a community based radio station.[64]

Barton-upon-Humber is served by the weekly local newspaper, Grimsby Telegraph.

Notable people

See also

References

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Further information

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Barton-upon-Humber.
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Barton-upon-Humber".