The House of Lieven (Latvian: Līveni; Russian: Ливен; Swedish: (von) Liewen) is one of the oldest and most aristocratic families of Baltic German and Nordic origin.
History
The family is descended from Caupo of Turaida (Latvian, Kaupo), the Livonianquasi rex who converted to Christianity in 1186, when Bishop Meinhard attempted to Christianize the region. The Livonian Chronicle of Henry tells that in the winter 1203–1204 Caupo went to Rome with Theoderich von Treyden, a Cistercian Monk who was later to become the founder of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword and the first bishop of Estonia.[1] They were received in Rome by Pope Innocent III who supported their plans to Christianize Livonia, ennobled Caupo and granted him his coat of arms and the name Lieven. Caupo's grandson Nicholas was the first to spell his name Lieven.
According to feudal records, the Lieven ancestor Gerardus Līvo (1269) and his son Johannes (1296) entered service as vassals to the Archbishop of Rīga. One of Caupo's daughters married an ancestor of the barons, later Counts, of Ungern-Sternberg.
Notable family members
Reinhold Lieven of Eksjö, the Swedish governor of Oesel (Saaremaa), in 1653 was the first to be made a baron together with his brother, whose son Lieutenant-General Baron Hans Heinrich Lieven accompanied Charles XII in all his campaigns and expeditions. Before, he had read law at Leiden University in Holland, finishing his studies in 1637. Among Reinhold's descendants, one branch settled in Courland and was recognized in 1801 as in the Holy Roman Empire.
Baron Otto Heinrich Lieven of Eksjö (1726–1781) married in 1766 Baroness Charlotte von Gaugreben (1743–1828),[2] who was entrusted by Emperor Paul with the task of educating his daughters and younger sons, Nicholas and Mikhail Pavlovich. In recognition of her services Paul made her a countess in 1799. When her pupil Nicholas became the Emperor of Russia in 1826, the 84-year-old governess was made a Princess with the title of Her Serene Highness. The title was hereditary and passed to her descendants, of which the following were notable.
His elder brother, Prince Carl Christoph von Lieven (1767–1844), started his career as an aide-de-camp to Prince Potemkin, administered the garrison of Arkhangelsk under Paul and ended his career as Imperial Minister of Education (1828–33).
Prince Alexander Friedrich von Lieven (1801–1880), son of the preceding, Major-General, served as Governor of Taganrog in 1844–1853, and senator 1853–1880.
Prince Nikolaus Wilhelm Karl Johannes von Lieven (1831- 1900), married to Mathilde Sophie v. Manteuffel born 16.11.1847 in Saarenhof decided in Innsbruck 1930.
Prince Andrey Alexandrovich Lieven (1839–1913), his son, was the Senator and Minister of State Properties in 1877–81.
Jelena Lieven (1842–1917), Imperial Russian pedagogue, sister of the above.
Thomas Lieven is the name of the fictional protagonist of the tongue-in-cheek spy novel "It Can't Always Be Caviar" by Austrian writer Johannes Mario Simmel.
References
^Marek Tamm; Linda Kaljundi; Carsten Selch Jensen (2011). Crusading and Chronicle Writing on the Medieval Baltic Frontier: A Companion to the Chronicle of Henry of Livonia. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 215. ISBN 978-0-7546-6627-1.
^Carl Arvid von Klingspor (1882). Baltisches Wappenbuch. Elibron. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-543-98710-5.
^Judith Lissauer Cromwell (2007). Dorothea Lieven: A Russian Princess in London And Paris, 1785-1857. McFarland. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-7864-2651-5.
^Aleksandr Vasiliyevich Kolchak; Konstantīn Andreevīch Papov; Anton Zakharovich Ovchinnikov (1935). The Testimony of Kolchak and Other Siberian Materials. Stanford University Press. p. 220. ISBN 978-0-8047-2220-9.
^Nikolai Reek. Lemsalu — Roopa — Võnnu — Ronneburgi lahing 19. — 23. VI. 1919. a. (Lemsalu — Roopa — Võnnu — Ronneburg battle 19. — 23. VI. 1919) (in Estonian). Estonian National Defence College museum. Archived from the original on 22 August 2010.
^"Lieven, Hon. Dame Nathalie Marie Daniella, (born 20 May 1964), a Judge of the High Court, Family Division, since 2019 | WHO'S WHO & WHO WAS WHO". www.ukwhoswho.com. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U246323. ISBN 978-0-19-954088-4.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lieven family.
(in Latvian) Lieven family, Latvian Encyclopedia (Latvian)
(in German) Genealogisches Handbuch der Oeselschen Ritterschaft 1935 - Genealogy handbook of Baltic nobility