Iryna Dmytrivna Farion (Ukrainian: Ірина Дмитрівна Фаріон, pronounced[iˈrɪnɐˈdmɪtrʲiu̯nɐfɐrʲiˈɔn]; 29 April 1964 – 19 July 2024) was a Ukrainian linguist and nationalist politician who served as a deputy in the Verkhovna Rada from 2012 to 2014 as a member of Svoboda.[3][4] She was also a professor at the Department of Ukrainian Language at Lviv Polytechnic's Institute of Humanitarian and Social Sciences.[5]
She was known for her campaigns to promote the Ukrainian language,[6] and to discredit Ukrainians who spoke Russian.[4][7] As a result of one scandal in 2023, she temporarily lost her position as professor at Lviv Polytechnic.[8][9]
Farion was shot dead outside of her home on 19 July 2024 at age 60.
Early life and education
Iryna Dmytrivna Farion was born 29 April 1964 in Lviv.[10] Her mother was a teacher and her father was a plumber.[11]
Farion graduated from the philology department of Lviv University in 1987. Until 1991, she was head of the center of Ukrainian studies at Lviv University.[11] During her college years, she was a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the only student being in the Communist Party. Farion at first denied membership within the Communist Party.[12] Later, she claimed that she could not have such a career without joining the party; she also stated that she joined the party to "destroy it from within".[13][11] In 1996, she defended her doctoral thesis in philology at Lviv University.[14][10]
Career
Among her scientific works are at least four monographs and 200 articles.[15] From 1998 to 2004, Farion headed the language commission of Prosvita. From 1998, she initiated and organized the annual student competition "Language is a foundation of your life" (Ukrainian: Мова – твого життя основа, romanized: Mova – tvoho zhyttya osnova).[15] In 2004, she received the Oleksa Hirnyk Literature Award.[16]
In 2006, Farion balloted for People's Deputy of Ukraine mandate from the far-right Svoboda party, of which she was a member beginning in 2005.[17] In 2006, Farion also successfully balloted to the Lviv regional council, where she was deputy chairperson of the commission on education and science,[10] while in 2010, she won in a majoritarianelectoral district of Lviv.[citation needed]
In February 2010, on International Mother Language Day, Farion was filmed instructing kindergartners to avoid using Russian names.[18][19] In one instance, she tells them to "go where the Mashas live" if they wanted to be called Masha; a video of the incident was aired on Russian state television and was widely criticized.[20][21] The incident was also widely discussed and criticized in the Ukrainian media.[22] One deputy from the Party of Regions asked the Prosecutor General of Ukraine to file a criminal case against her on the grounds of language-based and nationality-based discrimination.[11]
Official parliamentary photograph of Farion in 2012
In the 2012 parliamentary election, Farion was elected into parliament after winning a constituency in Lviv Oblast.[23] From 2013, she served as the head of the parliamentary subcommittee on higher education in science and education.[10] In 2014, she became the first deputy chairperson of the committee on science and education.[10]
In the 2014 parliamentary election, Farion again tried to win a constituency seat in Lviv, but failed this time having finished third in her constituency with approximately 16% of the vote.[24]
In July 2015, the Investigative Committee of Russia filed a criminal case against Farion on the charges of "incitement to murder" and "extremist statements"; according to the statement by the Investigative Committee, Farion "made destructive and violent calls for actions that encourage the destruction of Russia as a state and Russians as a group of people based on nationality" at a rally on 15 October 2014.[25]
In the July 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election, Farion again failed to return to parliament after finishing fifth with 10.35% of the vote in electoral district 116 in Lviv Oblast.[26]
In November 2023, Farion stated in an interview that "there is no Russian-speaking population, there are Ukrainians, and there are Katsaps";[27] she also said that she would not consider Russian-speaking fighters of the Azov Brigade to be Ukrainian.[28][29] Farion also published a letter by a supporter in the occupied Crimean Peninsula;[29] she did not blur his name, causing him to be detained by Russian authorities.[30] This caused public outrage, including criticism from politician Tamila Tasheva,[31][32] and student protests at Lviv Polytechnic, but the institute refused to fire her.[5] Farion later appealed to the president and defence minister to "take measures" against Azov fighters who criticized her.[33] The incident led to Ukraine's human rights ombudsman to say that he had asked the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) to open an investigation.[29] On 15 November, the SBU opened an investigation against her on the counts of discrimination, insulting the dignity of a serviceman, violation of confidentiality of correspondence, and breach of inviolability of private life,[34][31] and she was relieved of her position at Lviv Polytechnic.[5][35] She was reinstated at Lviv Polytechnic in May 2024.[9]
Murder
On 19 July 2024, at around 19:30 (EEST), Farion was shot in Lviv.[36] The attacker was described to be a young man of about 20–25 years of age; according to Farion's neighbors, they had noticed him in the morning, waiting near her home.[37][38] She was immediately admitted to the hospital in the emergency department with a gunshot wound to the head in an "extremely serious" condition.[39][40] At around 23:00 EEST on the same day, doctors at the hospital announced that she was comatose and on life support. She died around 23:20,[41] at the age of 60.[37][42][43]
Ukraine's interior minister Ihor Klymenko stated that the murder was premeditated and the main motives the investigators were considering were either her political and social activity or a personal dislike.[44][4][45]
Funeral
Farion's memorial service was held in Lviv on 21 July.[46] Reports on the number of mourners varied from several hundred to over five thousand. She was buried in the Lychakiv Cemetery, near singer-songwriter Volodymyr Ivasyuk.[47][48][49][50]
Reactions
President Volodymyr Zelenskyy expressed his condolences to her family.[51] The head of the Lviv regional administration and the mayor of Lviv, Maksym Kozytskyi and Andriy Sadovyi, also expressed their condolences to her family.[52] Mayor of Kyiv Vitali Klitschko called her murder "a provocation and a challenge to the law enforcement system, democracy and stability in the country", while former president Viktor Yushchenko called Farion's murder "a calculated special operation of the enemy."[53][54]
Farion's political party, Svoboda, accused the Russian government of organizing her death.[55] Politician Yaroslav Yurchyshyn called for the banning of Russian-affiliated religious organizations, stating it would be the "best immediate tribute to Iryna Farion's memory."[56]
According to the Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group, "Iryna Farion's extreme nationalist views have long made the Lviv linguist and Svoboda [Freedom] Party politician a controversial figure."[29] Farion has been characterized as far-right.[7][60][61]
Farion admired the nationalist thinker Dmytro Dontsov.[62] She suggested that those who favored friendship with Russia should be "placed in cells" and be required to read the works of Taras Shevchenko or the far-right leader Stepan Bandera.[63]
In June 2010, Farion stated: "We have 14% of Ukrainians who indicated that their native language is Russian, that is, the language of the occupier. This indicates a terrible mutation of their consciousness. These are 5 million Ukrainian degenerates. And they need to be saved". Farion also suggested that Ukrainians who do not know the Ukrainian language should be imprisoned.[64]
In April 2018, she called Russian-speaking Ukrainians "mentally retarded" and claimed that they had caused the Russo-Ukrainian War.[65] In October of the same year, she called ethnic Hungarians in Zakarpattia Oblast "morons" and suggested that they "go back to Hungary", while comparing them to dogs.[66] That year she also called for a campaign to "punch every Russian-speaking person in the jaw".[4]
In April 2015, Farion welcomed the murder of journalist Oles Buzina, calling him a "degenerate" and "scumbag".[67][68] In March 2019, in response to journalist Dmitry Gordon's criticism of Stepan Bandera, Farion called Gordon an enemy and wished him a "torturous death". For this, she was harshly criticized by the National Union of Journalists of Ukraine.[69]
In 2023, Farion called the Siege of Mariupol "karma" for the residents of Mariupol.[19][71]
Personal life
Farion was married to Ostap Semchyshyn; they had a daughter and were divorced.[72] As of 2022, her daughter was a member of the Lviv City Council.[73] Farion had two grandchildren.[41]
Awards
Borys Hrinchenko Prize [uk] (2008)[74]
Scientific publications
Ukrainian family names of the Carpathian Lviv Region at the end of 18th – beginning of 19th centuries (with etymological dictionary). National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of folklore studies. "Litopys". Lviv, 2001.[75]
Antroponymy system of the Upper Dniester region at the end of 18th – beginning of 19th centuries (family names). Franko State University. Lviv, 1996 (Ph.D. thesis).[76]
^You Scratch My Back, and I'll Scratch Yours Archived 12 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine, The Ukrainian Week (26 September 2012)
^CEC registers 357 newly elected deputies of 422 Archived 4 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine, National Radio Company of Ukraine (25 November 2014) Parliament to form leadership and coalition on November 27 Archived 1 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine, UNIAN (26 November 2014)
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^Микитюк, Оксана Романівна; Харчук, Лілія Валеріївна; Ментинська, Ірина Богданівна (2019). Фаріон Ірина Дмитрівна: доктор філологічних наук, професор : біобібліографічний показник (in Ukrainian). Vydavnyctvo Lʹvivsʹkoï politechniky. p. 6. ISBN 978-966-941-319-2.
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^Lipich, Olga (19 July 2024). "Высмеивала русскоязычных и скандалила с военными: что известно об Ирине Фарион, которую застрелили во Львове" [She mocked Russian speakers and conflicted with soldiers: what we know about Iryna Farion, shot in Lviv]. Obozrevatel (in Russian). Retrieved 20 July 2024.
^"Во Львове стреляли в Ирину Фарион" [In Lviv Iryna Farion was shot]. РБК-Украина (in Russian). 19 July 2024.
^Savenko, Mark (25 April 2024). "Дочку Фаріон під час повномасштабної війни підвищили до начальника у Львівській міськраді". Ukrainian News Agency. Archived from the original on 3 May 2024. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
^МОВО, БУДЬ! МОВО, ЖИВИ І ЖИВИ!
^Book profile in the Maksymovych Science Library
^Information in the Vernadsky National Library
Bibliography
Микитюк, Оксана Романівна; Харчук, Лілія Валеріївна; Ментинська, Ірина Богданівна (2019). Фаріон Ірина Дмитрівна: доктор філологічних наук, професор : біобібліографічний показник (in Ukrainian). Vydavnyctvo Lʹvivsʹkoï politechniky. ISBN 978-966-941-319-2. Archived from the original on 17 December 2023.
External links
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