Список национальных флагов суверенных государств

Коллаж из флагов различных стран мира (по часовой стрелке, начиная с левого верхнего угла):

• Флаг Бразилии , отрисованный на компьютере.
• Флаг Папуа-Новой Гвинеи на нашивке солдата.
• Спортивный болельщик размахивает флагом Южной Африки .
• Гигантский флаг Турции, сделанный из кубиков Lego .
• Флаг США на Луне во время высадки на Луну миссии «Аполлон-15» .
• Во время политического митинга вывешиваются флаги Великобритании и Индии .
• Флаг Палестины, заметно изображенный на граффити на стене Западного берега .
• На шестах развеваются флаги с изображением северного креста .
• Двое граждан демонстрируют флаг Китая в Антарктиде .

Все 193 государства-члена и 2 государства-наблюдателя Организации Объединенных Наций , в дополнение к нескольким фактическим государствам , представляют себя национальными флагами . Национальные флаги, как правило, содержат символику своего государства и служат эмблемой, которая отличает их от других государств в международной политике . Национальные флаги принимаются правительствами для укрепления национальных связей и легитимной формальной власти. Такие флаги могут содержать символические элементы их народов , армий , территорий , правителей и династий . Флаг Дании является старейшим флагом, который все еще используется в настоящее время, поскольку он был признан национальным символом с 14 века.

Предыстория и определения

Согласно словарю английского языка Коллинза , национальный флаг — это « флаг , который представляет или является эмблемой страны » . ^[1] Слово «страна » может использоваться для обозначения суверенного государства , иногда также называемого независимым государством. ^[2] В международном праве принято , что государства принимают флаг, чтобы отличать себя от других государств. ^[3]

Национальные флаги считаются «возможно, самым сильным и ясным выражением национальной идентичности», и правительства использовали их для продвижения и создания связей внутри страны, мотивации патриотизма , чествования усилий граждан и законной формальной власти . ^[4] На протяжении всей истории элементы флагов использовались для обозначения правителей, династий, территорий , армий и народов соответствующих стран. ^[5] Флаги также концептуально представляют основные ценности страны , такие как групповая принадлежность и любовь к стране. ^[6] В 1975 году американский вексилолог Уитни Смит заявил следующее относительно роли флагов в обществе: ^{[7] [8] [9]}

Традиция флагов настолько сильна, что мы, возможно, недалеки от истины, предполагая, что существует закон — не природы, а человеческого общества, — который побуждает человека изготавливать и использовать флаги. Возможно, нет более яркого доказательства этого, чем тот факт, что, несмотря на отсутствие какого-либо международного регламента или договора, требующего национального флага, каждая страна без исключения приняла по крайней мере один.

—  Уитни Смит, Флаги сквозь века и по всему миру, стр. 32

Согласно Оксфордскому словарю английского языка , суверенное государство — это «государство или нация с определенной территорией и постоянным населением, которое управляет своим собственным правительством и которое признано неподвластным или не зависящим от другой державы». ^[10] Количество суверенных государств в мире, как правило, выводится из числа государств-членов Организации Объединенных Наций (ООН), хотя существуют и государства, не являющиеся членами, ^[11] такие государства называются государствами де-факто . ^[12] По состоянию на 2024 год в ООН в настоящее время входят 193 государства-члена и 2 государства-постоянных наблюдателя : Государство Палестина и Ватикан . ^{[13] [14]} К государствам де-факто относятся Северный Кипр , ^[15] Абхазия , ^[16] Южная Осетия , ^[17] Приднестровье , ^[18] Косово , ^[19] Сахарская Республика , ^[20] Сомалиленд , ^[21] и Тайвань . ^[12]

Самым старым флагом суверенного государства, который в настоящее время используется, является флаг Дании , который признан национальным символом страны с 13 века, хотя нынешняя версия была официально принята в 1867 году. ^{[22] [23]} Все 193 государства-члена и 2 государства-наблюдателя представлены своими флагами в штаб-квартире Организации Объединенных Наций в Нью-Йорке . ^[24]

Флаги государств-членов ООН и государств-наблюдателей

— Нет данных

Flags of de facto states

See also

• Gallery of flags of dependent territories – list of flags of dependent territories

Notes

1. This refers to the date on which the most recent law or proclamation relating to the design of a flag was established by the government of a sovereign state post-independence, or the date of independence if the flag was legally adopted by a prenational government and retained on independence, but was never modified afterwards.
2. The legitimate government of Afghanistan, and therefore flag, is presently disputed. De facto, the country is governed by the Taliban under the name of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. However, the United Nations officially recognizes the defunct Islamic Republic of Afghanistan as the legitimate government.^[25][26]
3. Media related to Emblem of Afghanistan (2004–2021) at Wikimedia Commons
4. The designer of the flag is disputed between Émilie Busquant and Chawki Mostefaï [fr].
5. Also known as the Australian National Flag
6. Sources contradict as to the designer of the flag. The following have been given as the flag's designer:
   • Bernardo O'Higgins and José Ignacio Zenteno
   • José Ignacio Zenteno (sole credit)
   • Carlos Wood
7. Gauthier designed the previous version of the flag, which the current one is based on.
8. 3:4 and 2:3 have been given as ratios of the flag.
9. Denmark as a sovereign state is represented by the flag of Metropolitan Denmark, which excludes the Faroe Islands and Greenland.
10. The flag can be lengthened up to a ratio of 28:37
11. 21:38 and "unspecified" have been given as the flag's proportions.
12. 1:2 and 2:3 have been given as ratios.
13. 2:3 and "unspecified" have been given as ratios.
14. When used as an ensign, the ratio is 1:2.
15. The design adopted by the government was based on the proposal of Aycinena y Piñol and other members of the Aycinena Clan [es]
16. When used as an ensign, the ratio is 1:2.
17. According to an apocryphal story, Catherine Flon is also credited.
18. Between 1955 and 2022, the Honduran government erroneously used a design with a navy blue color instead of the specified turquoise blue. With the inauguration of president Xiomara Castro, the correct colors were restored.
19. Between March and July 1958, Jordan and Iraq merged into the Arab Federation which bore a similar flag to that of Jordan, albeit without the star. Nevertheless, the flag of Jordan itself is considered to "have not changed since its independence."
20. Although 3:5 is generally used, 1:2 is also accepted.
21. It has been claimed French general Hubert Lyautey personally designed the flag, however he only played a minor role in the process of its adoption. The design for the flag only emerged through negotiations between the French administation and the Makhzen.
22. See Flag of North Korea#Creation
23. Ratios of 4:7 and 5:9 are sometimes used.
24. Either Manuel Amador Guerrero or his son Manuel Encarnacíon Guerrero. Some have also suggested the former's wife María de la Ossa de Amador, although this is considered unlikely.
25. The decree of July 2013 specifies a proportion of "1:0.55" for the "larger and smaller dimensions" respectively.
26. With help from Marcela Agoncillo, her daughter Lorenza, and Delfina Herbosa de Natividad
27. Deputy Prime Minister Toh designed the flag with two civil servants.
28. Solomonese artist Thomas Giosa claimed to have submitted the winning design in a competition in 1975, however an unnamed New Zealand visual artist also claimed ownership of the design.
29. March 29 has also been given as the date of adoption.
30. Habibullaev led a committee to design the national flag.
31. 2:3 and "approximately 3:5" have been given as the flag's ratio. It has also been claimed the proportions are golden.
32. 2:3 and "unspecified" have been given as the flag's ratio.
33. Robert Heft has claimed, and has been credited by some sources, as the designer of the 50-star flag. However, this has been thoroughly disputed by Slate writer Alec Nevala-Lee who has instead suggested William R. Furlong as the flag's true designer.
34. The designer of the flag is disputed between Nguyễn Hữu Tiến [vi] and Lê Quang Sô.

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139. Musliu, Vjosa (May 5, 2021). Europeanization and Statebuilding as Everyday Practices: Performing Europe in the Western Balkans (1 ed.). Routledge. pp. 89–101. doi:10.4324/9780429343469. ISBN 978-0-429-34346-9.
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146.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Brazil/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
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148. Ruggiero, Amanda Saba; Gregori, Marcia Sandoval (October 7, 2018). "Palimpsesto Auri-verde". Revista ARA (in Portuguese). 5 (5): 111–132. doi:10.11606/issn.2525-8354.v5i5p111-132. ISSN 2525-8354.
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151.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Brunei/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
152. Whitney Smith, Flag of Brunei at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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178.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Canada/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
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232. Heller, Martin; Grossholz, Andrea, eds. (1994). Who's who in graphic design: profiles of more than 300 leading graphic designers from 46 countries = über 300 führende Grafik-Designer aus 46 Ländern im Überblick - mit biographischen Angaben. Zürich: Werd-Verl. p. 108. ISBN 978-3-85932-135-9.
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298. Aun, Karl (2010). The Estonian flag: a hundred years of the blue-black-white. Flag heritage foundation monograph and translation series. Winchester, Massachusetts: Flag Heritage Foundation. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-4507-2430-2. OCLC 666252136.
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317.  This article incorporates public domain material from "France/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
318. Whitney Smith, Flag of France at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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333. "საქართველოს ორგანული კანონი საქართველოს სახელმწიფო სიმბოლოების შესახებ". matsne.gov.ge. November 14, 2018. Archived from the original on July 18, 2024. Retrieved August 30, 2024.
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349.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Grenada/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
350. Whitney Smith, Flag of Grenada at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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354.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Guatemala/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
355. Whitney Smith, Flag of Grenada at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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362. Whitney Smith, Flag of Guinea-Bissau at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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364.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Guyana/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
365. Whitney Smith, Flag of Guyana at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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367.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Haiti/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
368. Whitney Smith, Flag of Haiti at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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376.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Hungary/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
377. Whitney Smith, Flag of Hungary at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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379.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Iceland/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
380. Whitney Smith, Flag of Iceland at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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384.  This article incorporates public domain material from "India/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
385. Whitney Smith, Flag of India at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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388.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Indonesia/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
389. Whitney Smith, Flag of Indonesia at the Encyclopædia Britannica
390. Khudori, Darwis (2015). Bandung at 60: New Insights and Emerging Forces (PDF). Pustaka Pelajar. ISBN 978-602-229-552-5. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 4, 2024. Retrieved September 4, 2024.
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393.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Iran/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
394. Whitney Smith, Flag of Iran at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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396. Porsche-Ludwig & Chen 2022a, p. 448.
397. Maleki, Kimia (February 11, 2019). "40 Years Later, Iran's Flag Remains a Unique Symbol of its Revolution". Ajam Media Collective. Archived from the original on April 15, 2024. Retrieved September 4, 2024.
398.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Iraq/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
399. Whitney Smith, Flag of Iraq at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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401.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Ireland/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
402. Whitney Smith, Flag of Ireland at the Encyclopædia Britannica
403. "Quelle est l'origine du drapeau irlandais ?". CNews. March 16, 2022. Archived from the original on December 19, 2022. Retrieved September 4, 2024.
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408. Whitney Smith, Flag of Israel at the Encyclopædia Britannica
409. Porsche-Ludwig & Chen 2022b, p. 808.
410. Znamierowski 2020, p. 165.
411.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Italy/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
412. Whitney Smith, Flag of Italy at the Encyclopædia Britannica
413. Znamierowski 2020, p. 154.
414. Mumford 2021, p. 196.
415. Israel, Jonathan (September 22, 2015). Revolutionary Ideas: An Intellectual History of the French Revolution from The Rights of Man to Robespierre. Princeton University Press. p. 647. ISBN 978-0-691-16971-2.
416.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Cote d'Ivoire/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
417. Whitney Smith, flag of Côte d’Ivoire at the Encyclopædia Britannica
418. "Création du Drapeau national de la République de Côte d'Ivoire". louisthomasachille.com. July 3, 2018. Archived from the original on July 15, 2024. Retrieved September 5, 2024.
419. Mumford 2021, p. 128.
420.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Jamaica/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
421. Whitney Smith, flag of Jamaica at the Encyclopædia Britannica
422. Senior, Olive (2003). "NATIONAL SYMBOLS". Encyclopedia of Jamaican Heritage. Twin Guinep Publishers. ISBN 978-976-8007-14-8.
423. Mumford 2021, p. 65.
424.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Japan/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
425. Whitney Smith, flag of Japan at the Encyclopædia Britannica
426. Znamierowski 2020, p. 177.
427. Mumford 2021, p. 287.
428. Frédéric, Louis (2002). "Kokki". Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5. OCLC 48943301.
429.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Jordan/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
430. Whitney Smith, flag of Jordan at the Encyclopædia Britannica
431. Gubser, Peter (1991). "FLAG". Historical Dictionary of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-2449-2.
432. Podeh, Elie (2022). "Anthems in the Arab world: A hybrid national symbol". Nations and Nationalism. 28 (4): 1379–1394. doi:10.1111/nana.12803. ISSN 1354-5078.
433. Mumford 2021, p. 244.
434.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Kazakhstan/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
435. Whitney Smith, flag of Kazakhstan at the Encyclopædia Britannica
436. Kassymova, Didar; Kundakbayeva, Zhanat; Markus, Ustina (May 18, 2012). Historical Dictionary of Kazakhstan. Scarecrow Press. pp. xxxiii. ISBN 978-0-8108-7983-6.
437. Znamierowski 2020, p. 168.
438. Mumford 2021, p. 256.
439. Porsche-Ludwig & Chen 2022b, p. 810.
440.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Kenya/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
441. Whitney Smith, flag of Kenya at the Encyclopædia Britannica
442. Kamau, John (July 3, 2020). "Trying to undo the political mischief on Kenya's flag". Daily Nation. Archived from the original on May 28, 2024. Retrieved September 4, 2024.
443. Mumford 2021, p. 112.
444.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Kiribati/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
445. Whitney Smith, flag of Kiribati at the Encyclopædia Britannica
446. "Grimble, Arthur". asiapacific.anu.edu.au. Archived from the original on September 5, 2024. Retrieved September 5, 2024.
447. Znamierowski 2020, p. 184.
448. Mumford 2021, p. 301.
449.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Kuwait/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
450. Whitney Smith, flag of Kuwait at the Encyclopædia Britannica
451. Mumford 2021, p. 251.
452. "Kuwait marks 63rd Independence Day". Kuwait News Agency. June 19, 2024. Archived from the original on June 19, 2024. Retrieved September 5, 2024.
453.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Kyrgyzstan/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
454. Whitney Smith, flag of Kyrgyzstan at the Encyclopædia Britannica
455. Putz, Catherine (January 3, 2024). "Kyrgyzstan's New Flag Debuts in Bishkek". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on July 4, 2024. Retrieved August 19, 2024.
456. Mumford 2021, p. 258.
457.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Laos/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
458. Whitney Smith, flag of Laos at the Encyclopædia Britannica
459. Stuart-Fox, Martin; Creak, Simon (February 6, 2023). "FLAGS". Historical Dictionary of Laos. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-5381-2028-6.
460. Mumford 2021, p. 270.
461. Porsche-Ludwig & Chen 2022b, p. 813.
462.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Latvia/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
463. Whitney Smith, flag of Latvia at the Encyclopædia Britannica
464. "Procedures for the Application of the Law on the National Flag of Latvia". likumi.lv. November 27, 2018. Archived from the original on July 18, 2024. Retrieved September 5, 2024.
465. Pumpuriņš, Tālis (May 4, 2024). "Latvijas valsts karogs". Latvian National Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on July 14, 2024. Retrieved September 5, 2024.
466. Mumford 2021, p. 162.
467.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Lebanon/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
468. Whitney Smith, flag of Lebanon at the Encyclopædia Britannica
469. Najem, Tom; Amore, Roy C. (June 15, 2021). "FLAG". Historical Dictionary of Lebanon. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-5381-2044-6.; see also "PHARAOUN, HENRI (1901–1993)"
470. Mumford 2021, p. 240.
471.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Lesotho/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
472. Whitney Smith, flag of Lesotho at the Encyclopædia Britannica
473. Mumford 2021, p. 147.
474.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Liberia/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
475. Whitney Smith, flag of Liberia at the Encyclopædia Britannica
476. Richardson, Nathaniel R. (1959). Liberia's Past and Present. Diplomatic Press and Publishing Company. p. 89. ISBN 978-0-608-32932-1.
477. Mumford 2021, p. 127.
478.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Libya/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
479. Whitney Smith, flag of Libya at the Encyclopædia Britannica
480. John, Ronald Bruce St (June 4, 2014). "FLAG". Historical Dictionary of Libya. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8108-7876-1.
481. Mumford 2021, p. 103.
482.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Liechtenstein/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
483. Whitney Smith, flag of Liechtenstein at the Encyclopædia Britannica
484. Znamierowski 2020, p. 139.
485. Mumford 2021, p. 207.
486.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Lithuania/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
487. Whitney Smith, flag of Lithuania at the Encyclopædia Britannica
488. Akmenytė-Ruzgienė, Vilma. "National flag of Lithuania". lrs.lt. Archived from the original on August 15, 2024. Retrieved September 6, 2024.
489. Mumford 2021, p. 163.
490.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Luxembourg/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
491. Whitney Smith, flag of Luxembourg at the Encyclopædia Britannica
492. Mumford 2021, p. 387.
493.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Madagascar/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
494. Whitney Smith, flag of Madagascar at the Encyclopædia Britannica
495. Galibert, Didier (2009). Les gens du pouvoir à Madagascar: État postcolonial, légitimités et territoire, 1956-2002 (in French). KARTHALA Editions. p. 546. ISBN 978-2-8111-0213-5.
496. Deschamps, Hubert (January 1, 1972). Histoire de Madagascar: Avec 13 cartes et 31 photographies (in French). FeniXX. p. 274. ISBN 978-2-402-62701-6.
497. Tétaud, Sarah (June 22, 2020). "Madagascar: les débuts mouvementés du drapeau national". Radio France Internationale. Archived from the original on September 6, 2024. Retrieved September 6, 2024.
498. Mumford 2021, p. 152.
499.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Malawi/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
500. Whitney Smith, flag of Malawi at the Encyclopædia Britannica
501. Znamierowski 2020, p. 223.
502. Mumford 2021, p. 142.
503.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Malaysia/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
504. Whitney Smith, flag of Malaysia at the Encyclopædia Britannica
505. Hisamudin, Hakimie Amrie (August 31, 2021). "Fly the flag high – and remember the shy patriot behind it". Free Malaysia Today. Archived from the original on August 30, 2021. Retrieved September 6, 2024.
506. Znamierowski 2020, p. 173.
507. Mumford 2021, p. 273.
508. Porsche-Ludwig & Chen 2022b, p. 814.
509.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Maldives/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
510. Whitney Smith, flag of the Maldives at the Encyclopædia Britannica
511. Znamierowski 2020, p. 171.
512. Mumford 2021, p. 265.
513.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Mali/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
514. Whitney Smith, flag of Mali at the Encyclopædia Britannica
515. "Mali : L'histoire du drapeau national". Maliactu [fr]. July 19, 2019. Archived from the original on July 20, 2019. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
516. Mumford 2021, p. 120.
517.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Malta/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
518. Whitney Smith, flag of Malta at the Encyclopædia Britannica
519. Mumford 2021, p. 197.
520.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Marshall Islands/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
521. Whitney Smith, flag of Marshall Islands at the Encyclopædia Britannica
522. Znamierowski 2020, p. 185.
523. Mumford 2021, p. 299.
524.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Mauritania/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
525. Whitney Smith, flag of Mauritania at the Encyclopædia Britannica
526. Mumford 2021, p. 119.
527. Porsche-Ludwig & Chen 2022a, p. 453.
528.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Mauritius/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
529. Whitney Smith, flag of Mauritius at the Encyclopædia Britannica
530. Elix, Joëlle (March 12, 2017). "Gurudutt Moher, père du quadricolore". L'Express. Archived from the original on September 7, 2024. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
531. Mumford 2021, p. 153.
532.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Mexico/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
533. Whitney Smith, flag of Mexico at the Encyclopædia Britannica
534. Mumford 2021, p. 57.
535. "Francisco Eppens, el potosino que diseñó el escudo mexicano". La Orquesta.mx. January 4, 2022. Archived from the original on January 5, 2022. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
536. "Historia de la bandera de México". gob.mx. February 23, 2018. Archived from the original on October 26, 2023. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
537. Alisky, Marvin (2008). "FLAG". Historical Dictionary of Mexico. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-5995-1.
538.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Micronesia, Federated States of/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
539. Whitney Smith, flag of Micronesia at the Encyclopædia Britannica
540. Znamierowski 2020, p. 183.
541. Mumford 2021, p. 298.
542. "Chp. 5 Title 1: Genral Provisions". fsmlaw.org. Archived from the original on March 27, 2024. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
543. "Peace, Freedom and Loyalty". Micronesian Reporter. Vol. 20, no. 3. 1972. p. 35. ISSN 0026-2781. OCLC 5692371. Archived from the original on September 7, 2024. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
544.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Moldova/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
545. Whitney Smith, flag of Moldova at the Encyclopædia Britannica
546. Znamierowski 2020, p. 158.
547. Musteată, Sergiu (2014). "1991: A Chronology of Moldova's Independance" (PDF). Euxeinos (15–16). Archived (PDF) from the original on July 14, 2024.
548. "Государственный флаг Республики Молдова". vexillographia.ru. April 24, 2011. Archived from the original on June 9, 2023. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
549. Mumford 2021, p. 225.
550.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Monaco/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
551. Whitney Smith, flag of Monaco at the Encyclopædia Britannica
552. Mumford 2021, p. 188.
553.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Mongolia/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
554. Whitney Smith, flag of Mongolia at the Encyclopædia Britannica
555. Mumford 2021, p. 257.
556. Boldbaatar, Jigjid; Humphrey, Caroline (January 1, 2007). "The Process of Creation of National Symbols and Their Adoption in the 1992 Constitution of Mongolia". Inner Asia. 9 (1): 3–22. doi:10.1163/146481707793646584. ISSN 2210-5018.
557. "Article 1, Clause 5, Section 12". Constitution of Mongolia. Constitutional Court of Mongolia. February 12, 1992. Archived from the original on August 6, 2024. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
558. "Монгол төрийн далбааг зохиосон Додийн Чойдог". Choibalsan.mn (in Mongolian). April 19, 2015. Archived from the original on April 23, 2021. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
559.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Montenegro/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
560. Whitney Smith, flag of Montenegro at the Encyclopædia Britannica
561. Djukanovic, Bojka (January 24, 2023). "FLAG OF MONTENEGRO". Historical Dictionary of Montenegro. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-5381-3915-8.
562. Mumford 2021, p. 217.
563.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Morocco/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
564. Whitney Smith, flag of Morocco at the Encyclopædia Britannica
565. Boum, Aomar; Park, Thomas K. (June 2, 2016). "FLAG". Historical Dictionary of Morocco. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-4422-6297-3.
566. Mumford 2021, p. 100.
567. Porsche-Ludwig & Chen 2022a, p. 454.
568. Aublanc, Alexandre; Mouline, Nabil (January 24, 2024). "Maroc : " Le drapeau rouge frappé d'un pentagramme vert est le fruit de longues tractations avec la France "". Le Monde (in French). Archived from the original on July 16, 2024. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
569.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Mozambique/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
570. Whitney Smith, flag of Mozambique at the Encyclopædia Britannica
571. Darch, Colin (December 15, 2018). "NATIONAL SYMBOLS". Historical Dictionary of Mozambique. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-5381-1135-2.
572. Pemba, Adolfo Manuel (February 6, 2024). "Autoproclamado "autor" da bandeira da Frelimo não foi pago até hoje". Evidências (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on March 1, 2024. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
573. Mumford 2021, p. 144.
574.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Burma/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
575. Whitney Smith, flag of Myanmar at the Encyclopædia Britannica
576. Mumford 2021, p. 268.
577. "The Union Flag Law" (PDF). Asian Legal Information Institute. October 21, 2010. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 17, 2024. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
578. Seekins, Donald M. (March 27, 2017). "FLAGS OF BURMA (HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY)". Historical Dictionary of Burma (Myanmar). Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-5381-0183-4.
579. "Myanmar unveils new national flag". San Diego Tribune. September 1, 2016. Archived from the original on August 19, 2024. Retrieved August 19, 2024.
580. Porsche-Ludwig & Chen 2022b, p. 816.
581.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Namibia/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
582. Whitney Smith, flag of Namibia at the Encyclopædia Britannica
583. Mumford 2021, p. 145.
584.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Nauru/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
585. Whitney Smith, flag of Nauru at the Encyclopædia Britannica
586. Znamierowski 2020, p. 182.
587. Mumford 2021, p. 300.
588.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Nepal/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
589. Whitney Smith, flag of Nepal at the Encyclopædia Britannica
590. Porsche-Ludwig & Chen 2022b, p. 817.
591. Nosowitz, Dan (September 3, 2018). "Decoding the Unusual Shape of the Nepali Flag". Atlas Obscura. OCLC 960889351. Archived from the original on June 21, 2024. Retrieved August 18, 2024.
592. "राष्ट्रिय झण्डाको गणितबारे डिजाइनर शङ्करनाथ रिमाल". BBC Nepali. February 9, 2020. Archived from the original on November 3, 2022. Retrieved August 19, 2024.
593. Mumford 2021, p. 262.
594.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Netherlands/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
595. Whitney Smith, flag of the Netherlands at the Encyclopædia Britannica
596. Healy, Don (July 1, 1994). "Evolutionary Vexillography: One Flag's Influence in Modern Design". Raven: A Journal of Vexillology. 1: 41–64. doi:10.5840/raven199415.
597. Koopmans, Joop W. (November 5, 2015). "NATIONAL SYMBOLS". Historical Dictionary of the Netherlands. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-4422-5593-7.
598. Mumford 2021, p. 305.
599.  This article incorporates public domain material from "New Zealand/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
600. Whitney Smith, flag of New Zealand at the Encyclopædia Britannica
601. Znamierowski 2020, p. 187.
602. "Another country - looking back 115 years". The New Zealand Herald. March 4, 2016. Archived from the original on August 13, 2023. Retrieved August 19, 2024.
603.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Nicaragua/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
604. Whitney Smith, flag of Nicaragua at the Encyclopædia Britannica
605. White, Steven F.; Calderon, Esthela (January 30, 2008). Culture and Customs of Nicaragua. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-313-08739-4.
606. Mumford 2021, p. 62.
607. Idrissa, Rahmane (February 26, 2020). "FLAG". Historical Dictionary of Niger. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-5381-2015-6.
608. Mumford 2021, p. 117.
609.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Nigeria/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
610. Whitney Smith, flag of Nigeria at the Encyclopædia Britannica
611. Mumford 2021, p. 133.
612.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Korea, North/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
613. Whitney Smith, flag of North Korea at the Encyclopædia Britannica
614. Hoare, James (2012). Historical dictionary of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Historical dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East. Lanham, Md: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6151-0.
615. Mumford 2021, p. 285.
616.  This article incorporates public domain material from "North Macedonia/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
617. Whitney Smith, flag of North Macedonia at the Encyclopædia Britannica
618. Bechev, Dimitar (September 3, 2019). "FLAG". Historical Dictionary of North Macedonia. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-5381-1962-4.
619. Kolstø, Pål (April 1, 2016). Strategies of Symbolic Nation-building in South Eastern Europe. Routledge. p. 176. ISBN 978-1-317-04936-4.
620. Mumford 2021, p. 221.
621.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Norway/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
622. Whitney Smith, flag of Norway at the Encyclopædia Britannica
623. Leiren, Terje; Sjåvik, Jan (October 8, 2019). "FLAG". Historical Dictionary of Norway. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-5381-2312-6.
624. Mumford 2021, p. 157.
625.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Oman/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
626. Whitney Smith, flag of Oman at the Encyclopædia Britannica
627. Znamierowski 2020, p. 166.
628. "Flag, Emblem and National Anthem". www.fm.gov.om. Retrieved August 19, 2024.
629. Mumford 2021, p. 247.
630.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Pakistan/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
631. Whitney Smith, flag of Pakistan at the Encyclopædia Britannica
632. Mumford 2021, p. 261.
633. Porsche-Ludwig & Chen 2022a, p. 455.
634.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Palau/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
635. Whitney Smith, flag of Palau at the Encyclopædia Britannica
636. Shuster, Donald R. (2009). "The Republic of Palau and its Compact, 1995–2009". The Journal of Pacific History. 44 (3): 325–332. doi:10.1080/00223340903356872. ISSN 0022-3344.
637. "The Flag - Palau International Ship Registry". www.palaureg.com. March 22, 2018. Retrieved August 19, 2024.
638. "Flag of Palau – PalauGov.pw". Retrieved August 19, 2024.
639. Mumford 2021, p. 297.
640. Whitney Smith, flag of Palestine Liberation Organization at the Encyclopædia Britannica
641. "The Palestinian Flag". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates (State of Palestine). Archived from the original on July 14, 2024. Retrieved August 19, 2024.
642. Mumford 2021, p. 312.
643.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Panama/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
644. Whitney Smith, flag of Panama at the Encyclopædia Britannica
645. Leonard, Thomas M. (November 18, 2014). "FLAG". Historical Dictionary of Panama. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8108-7835-8.
646. "Reglamento para el uso de los Símbolos de la Patria - Ley Número 34 (del 15 de diciembre de 1949) por la cual se adoptan la Bandera, el Himno y el Escudo de Armas de la República y se reglamenta su uso así como el de las Banderas Extranjeras" [Regulations for the use of the Symbols of the Homeland - Law Number 34 (of December 15, 1949) by which the Flag, the Anthem and the Coat of Arms of the Republic are adopted and its use is regulated as well as that of Foreign Flags]. www.pa (in Spanish). December 15, 1949. Archived from the original on February 18, 2007. Retrieved August 19, 2024.
647. Mumford 2021, p. 64.
648.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Papua New Guinea/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
649. Whitney Smith, flag of Papua New Guinea at the Encyclopædia Britannica
650. Mumford 2021, p. 295.
651.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Paraguay/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
652. Whitney Smith, flag of Paraguay at the Encyclopædia Britannica
653. "Decreto N°11400" (PDF). informacionpublica.paraguay.gov.py. July 15, 2013. Retrieved August 20, 2024.
654. Nickson, R. Andrew (June 17, 2015). "FLAG". Historical Dictionary of Paraguay. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8108-7964-5.
655. "Franco quiere cambiar la bandera: El color del león es el problema". Hoy. July 16, 2013. Archived from the original on July 17, 2013. Retrieved August 20, 2024.
656. Mumford 2021, p. 95.
657.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Peru/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
658. Whitney Smith, flag of Peru at the Encyclopædia Britannica
659. Mumford 2021, p. 85.
660.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Philippines/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
661. Whitney Smith, flag of the Philippines at the Encyclopædia Britannica
662. Guillermo, Artemio R.; Win, May Kyi (2005). "FLAG". Historical Dictionary of the Philippines. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-5490-1.
663. Mumford 2021, p. 282.
664.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Poland/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
665. Whitney Smith, flag of Poland at the Encyclopædia Britannica
666. Mumford 2021, p. 164.
667.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Portugal/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
668. Whitney Smith, flag of Portugal at the Encyclopædia Britannica
669. Znamierowski 2020, p. 150.
670. Wheeler, Douglas L.; Opello, Walter C. (May 10, 2010). "FLAG, PORTUGUESE NATIONAL". Historical Dictionary of Portugal. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7075-8.
671. Mumford 2021, p. 190.
672.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Qatar/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
673. Whitney Smith, flag of Qatar at the Encyclopædia Britannica
674. Porsche-Ludwig & Chen 2022b, p. 820.
675. "Al-Adaam". Qatar.qa. Archived from the original on May 20, 2024. Retrieved August 20, 2024.
676. Mumford 2021, p. 249.
677.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Romania/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
678. Whitney Smith, flag of Romania at the Encyclopædia Britannica
679. Mumford 2021, p. 224.
680.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Russia/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
681. Whitney Smith, flag of Russia at the Encyclopædia Britannica
682. Mumford 2021, p. 228.
683.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Rwanda/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
684. Whitney Smith, flag of Rwanda at the Encyclopædia Britannica
685. Mumford 2021, p. 113.
686. "Rwanda gets new flag, national anthem and coat of arms". Afrol. January 2, 2002. Archived from the original on March 11, 2024. Retrieved August 21, 2024.
687. "Official Gazette of the Republic of Rwanda". primature.gov.rw. April 20, 2009. Archived from the original on October 28, 2009. Retrieved August 21, 2024.
688.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Saint Kitts and Nevis/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
689. Whitney Smith, flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis at the Encyclopædia Britannica
690. Mumford 2021, p. 70.
691.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Saint Lucia/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
692. Whitney Smith, flag of Saint Lucia at the Encyclopædia Britannica
693. Mumford 2021, p. 73.
694.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
695. Whitney Smith, flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines at the Encyclopædia Britannica
696. Mumford 2021, p. 74.
697.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Samoa/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
698. Whitney Smith, flag of Samoa at the Encyclopædia Britannica
699. Tinetali-Fiavaai, Grace (August 2, 2024). "A brief history of Sāmoan flags: 'Uniting under what colonisers brought to us', says academic". Radio New Zealand. Archived from the original on August 1, 2024. Retrieved August 21, 2024.
700. "W. Samoa's Flag Approved In NZ". Pacific Islands Monthly. Vol. XIX, no. 8. March 1, 1949. p. 20. Archived from the original on August 29, 2021. Retrieved August 21, 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
701. "NEW FLAG FOR WESTERN SAMOA". Otago Daily Times. February 26, 1949. p. 9. Archived from the original on August 29, 2021. Retrieved August 21, 2024 – via Papers past.
702. Mumford 2021, p. 303.
703.  This article incorporates public domain material from "San Marino/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
704. Whitney Smith, flag of San Marino at the Encyclopædia Britannica
705. Mumford 2021, p. 199.
706.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Sao Tome and Principe/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
707. Whitney Smith, flag of Sao Tome and Principe at the Encyclopædia Britannica
708. "Article 14, Section 1". Constitution of São Tomé and Príncipe. Constituteproject.org. November 5, 1975. Archived from the original on October 26, 2023. Retrieved August 21, 2024.
709. Mumford 2021, p. 136.
710.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Saudi Arabia/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
711. Whitney Smith, flag of Saudi Arabia at the Encyclopædia Britannica
712. Porsche-Ludwig & Chen 2022b, p. 821.
713. "THE GUIDELINE FOR THE USE OF THE SAUDI ARABIAN FLAG" (PDF). saudiflag.sa. 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 14, 2024. Retrieved August 21, 2024.
714. Mumford 2021, p. 245.
715.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Senegal/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
716. Whitney Smith, flag of Senegal at the Encyclopædia Britannica
717. Mumford 2021, p. 121.
718.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Serbia/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
719. Whitney Smith, flag of Serbia at the Encyclopædia Britannica
720. Elgenius, Gabriella (November 12, 2018). Symbols of Nations and Nationalism: Celebrating Nationhood. Springer. pp. 73–74. ISBN 978-0-230-31704-8.
721. Mumford 2021, p. 218.
722.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Seychelles/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
723. Whitney Smith, flag of Seychelles at the Encyclopædia Britannica
724. Mumford 2021, p. 150.
725. "National Symbols Act". SeyLII. June 18, 1996. Archived from the original on August 21, 2024. Retrieved August 22, 2024.
726. "GUIDELINES ON SPECIFICATIONS AND CORRECT USAGE OF THE SEYCHELLES' NATIONAL SYMBOLS" (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Seychelles). 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 27, 2024. Retrieved August 22, 2024.
727.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Sierra Leone/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
728. Whitney Smith, flag of Sierra Leone at the Encyclopædia Britannica
729. Mumford 2021, p. 126.
730.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Singapore/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
731. Whitney Smith, flag of Singapore at the Encyclopædia Britannica
732. Mumford 2021, p. 280.
733. "History of the Singapore Flag: What it Could Have Looked Like". Kopi. November 24, 2019. Archived from the original on May 23, 2024. Retrieved August 22, 2024.
734. Sim, Cheryl (September 1, 2014). "Singapore's national flag". National Library Board. Archived from the original on August 21, 2024. Retrieved August 22, 2024.
735.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Slovakia/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
736. Whitney Smith, flag of Slovakia at the Encyclopædia Britannica
737. Mumford 2021, p. 213.
738. Kirschbaum, Stanislav J. (November 14, 2013). "STATE SYMBOLS". Historical Dictionary of Slovakia. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-8030-6.
739. "Zomrel autor výtvarného spracovania štátnych symbolov SR". News Agency of the Slovak Republic. August 3, 2017. Archived from the original on November 1, 2022. Retrieved August 22, 2024.
740.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Slovenia/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
741. Whitney Smith, flag of Slovenia at the Encyclopædia Britannica
742. Mumford 2021, p. 214.
743. Plut-Pregelj, Leopoldina; Kranjc, Gregor; Lazarevic, Žarko; Rogel, Carole (February 22, 2018). "FLAG OF THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA". Historical Dictionary of Slovenia. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-5381-1106-2.
744. "Symbols of Slovenia | GOV.SI". Portal GOV.SI. December 20, 2020. Retrieved August 22, 2024.
745.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Solomon Islands/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
746. Whitney Smith, flag of the Solomon Islands at the Encyclopædia Britannica
747. Mumford 2021, p. 296.
748. "The Solomon Islands Flag". Solomon Times. January 18, 2012. Archived from the original on December 27, 2023. Retrieved August 22, 2024.
749. Nolan, Jimmy (July 10, 2020). "Is Thomas Giosa Our Nation's Flag Designer?". Solomon Times. Archived from the original on May 22, 2024. Retrieved August 22, 2024.
750.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Somalia/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
751. Whitney Smith, flag of Somalia at the Encyclopædia Britannica
752. Mumford 2021, p. 110.
753. Casoowe, Cabdishakuur (October 12, 2020). "Maalinta Calanka: Calamada kala duwan ee Soomaalida iyo xilliyada dabaaldegyada". BBC Somali Service. Archived from the original on August 11, 2023. Retrieved August 22, 2024.
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755.  This article incorporates public domain material from "South Africa/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
756. Whitney Smith, flag of South Africa at the Encyclopædia Britannica
757. Mumford 2021, p. 149.
758. Saunders, Christopher; Limb, Peter (2021). "FLAG QUESTION". Historical Dictionary of South Africa. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-5381-3025-4.
759.  This article incorporates public domain material from "South Korea/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
760. Whitney Smith, flag of South Korea at the Encyclopædia Britannica
761. Mumford 2021, p. 286.
762. Kim, Myeong-Jin (March 15, 2015). "The Taekeugki". KOREA. Archived from the original on August 22, 2024. Retrieved August 22, 2024.
763.  This article incorporates public domain material from "South Sudan/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
764. Whitney Smith, flag of South Sudan at the Encyclopædia Britannica
765. Mumford 2021, p. 106.
766. Kramer, Robert S.; Jr, Richard A. Lobban; Fluehr-Lobban, Carolyn (March 22, 2013). "FLAG". Historical Dictionary of the Sudan. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7940-9.
767. Porsche-Ludwig & Chen 2022a, p. 457.
768.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Spain/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
769. Whitney Smith, flag of Spain at the Encyclopædia Britannica
770. Znamierowski 2020, p. 151.
771. Mumford 2021, p. 191.
772. Smith, Angel (2018). "FLAGS OF SPAIN". Historical Dictionary of Spain. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-5381-0882-6.
773. López, Alejandro Sierra. "Un proyecto de reforma de la bandera de España". Ministry of Culture (Spain). Archived from the original on June 20, 2024. Retrieved August 22, 2024.
774.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Sri Lanka/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
775. Whitney Smith, flag of Sri Lanka at the Encyclopædia Britannica
776. Znamierowski 2020, pp. 170–171.
777. Mumford 2021, p. 266.
778. Porsche-Ludwig & Chen 2022b, p. 822.
779.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Sudan/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
780. Whitney Smith, flag of the Sudan at the Encyclopædia Britannica
781. Mumford 2021, p. 105.
782. Porsche-Ludwig & Chen 2022a, p. 458.
783.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Suriname/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
784. Whitney Smith, flag of Suriname at the Encyclopædia Britannica
785. Znamierowski 2020, pp. 207–208.
786. Mumford 2021, p. 83.
787. "Oorspronkelijke ontwerper Surinaamse vlag overleden". Waterkant (media) [nl]. September 17, 2016. Archived from the original on April 25, 2023. Retrieved August 22, 2024.
788.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Sweden/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
789. Whitney Smith, flag of Sweden at the Encyclopædia Britannica
790. Mumford 2021, p. 159.
791. Elgán, Elisabeth; Scobbie, Irene (September 17, 2015). "FLAG". Historical Dictionary of Sweden. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-4422-5071-0.
792.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Switzerland/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
793. Whitney Smith, flag of Switzerland at the Encyclopædia Britannica
794. Mumford 2021, p. 200.
795.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Syria/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
796. Whitney Smith, flag of Syria at the Encyclopædia Britannica
797. Mumford 2021, p. 241.
798. Porsche-Ludwig & Chen 2022a, pp. 458–459.
799.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Tajikistan/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
800. Whitney Smith, flag of Tajikistan at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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802. Porsche-Ludwig & Chen 2022b, p. 824.
803. Gadzhieva, Amal Khanum (January 6, 2012). "Зухур ХАБИБУЛЛАЕВ: "Любовь – это все"". Asia-Plus. Archived from the original on August 22, 2024. Retrieved August 22, 2024.
804.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Tanzania/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
805. Whitney Smith, flag of Tanzania at the Encyclopædia Britannica
806. Mumford 2021, p. 141.
807.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Thailand/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
808. Whitney Smith, flag of Thailand at the Encyclopædia Britannica
809. Mumford 2021, p. 269.
810.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Togo/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
811. Whitney Smith, flag of Togo at the Encyclopædia Britannica
812. Mumford 2021, p. 131.
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814. Posamentier, Alfred S.; Lehmann, Ingmar (December 20, 2011). The Glorious Golden Ratio. Prometheus Books. p. 54. ISBN 978-1-61614-424-1.
815.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Tonga/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
816. Whitney Smith, flag of Tonga at the Encyclopædia Britannica
817. Mumford 2021, p. 304.
818. Latu, Paula Onoafe (2011). Fakaongo and tau'ataina: the influences of the Tongan traditional religion, the European civilization and Wesleyan teachings on the formation of Tongan religious identities (PhD thesis). Massey University. p. 53. Archived from the original on June 23, 2024. Retrieved September 22, 2024.
819.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Trinidad and Tobago/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
820. Whitney Smith, flag of Trinidad and Tobago at the Encyclopædia Britannica
821. Mumford 2021, p. 77.
822. "Father of the flag". Trinidad Express Newspapers. August 16, 2022. Archived from the original on August 27, 2022. Retrieved August 23, 2024.
823.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Tunisia/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
824. Whitney Smith, flag of Tunisia at the Encyclopædia Britannica
825. Mumford 2021, p. 102.
826.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Turkey (Turkiye)/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
827. Whitney Smith, flag of Turkey at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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829.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Turkmenistan/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
830. Whitney Smith, flag of Turkmenistan at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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833.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Tuvalu/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
834. Whitney Smith, flag of Tuvalu at the Encyclopædia Britannica
835. Mumford 2021, p. 302.
836.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Uganda/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
837. Whitney Smith, flag of Uganda at the Encyclopædia Britannica
838. Mumford 2021, p. 111.
839.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Ukraine/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
840. Whitney Smith, flag of Ukraine at the Encyclopædia Britannica
841. Mumford 2021, p. 227.
842.  This article incorporates public domain material from "United Arab Emirates/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
843. Whitney Smith, flag of the United Arab Emirates at the Encyclopædia Britannica
844. Mumford 2021, p. 248.
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847.  This article incorporates public domain material from "United Kingdom/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
848. Whitney Smith, flag of the United Kingdom at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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852. Whitney Smith, flag of the United States at the Encyclopædia Britannica
853. Znamierowski 2020, p. 192.
854. Mumford 2021, pp. 39–41.
855. Vile, John R. (October 5, 2018). The American Flag: An Encyclopedia of the Stars and Stripes in U.S. History, Culture, and Law. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 37. ISBN 979-8-216-04584-7.
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857.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Uruguay/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
858. Whitney Smith, flag of Uruguay at the Encyclopædia Britannica
859. Znamierowski 2020, pp. 211–212.
860. Mumford 2021, p. 96.
861.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Uzbekistan/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
862. Whitney Smith, flag of Uzbekistan at the Encyclopædia Britannica
863. Mumford 2021, p. 255.
864.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Vanuatu/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
865. Whitney Smith, flag of Vanuatu at the Encyclopædia Britannica
866. Mumford 2021, p. 293.
867. Bule, Hilaire (August 3, 2022). "Aissav and Kalontas made history". Vanuatu Daily Post. Archived from the original on August 5, 2024. Retrieved August 24, 2024.
868.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Holy See (Vatican City)/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
869. Whitney Smith, flag of Vatican City at the Encyclopædia Britannica
870. Becker, William M. (2018). Vatican Flags: Keys & Crowns Since 1800 : the Flags of the Papal States and Today's Vatican. North American Vexillological Association. pp. 97–107. ISBN 978-0-9747728-7-5.
871.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Venezuela/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
872. Whitney Smith, flag of Venezuela at the Encyclopædia Britannica
873. Mumford 2021, p. 81.
874.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Vietnam/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
875. Whitney Smith, flag of Vietnam at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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880. Whitney Smith, flag of Yemen at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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883.  This article incorporates public domain material from "Zambia/flag". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.
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888. Whitney Smith, flag of Zimbabwe at the Encyclopædia Britannica
889. Mumford 2021, p. 143.
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896. Whitney Smith, flag of Kosovo at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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903. Whitney Smith, flag of Taiwan at the Encyclopædia Britannica
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Bibliography

• Porsche-Ludwig, Markus; Chen, Ying-Yu (2022a). Handbook Near and Middle East States: Geography - History - Culture - Politics - Economy. LIT Verlag Münster. ISBN 978-3-643-91136-0.
• Porsche-Ludwig, Markus; Chen, Ying-Yu (November 8, 2022). Handbook of Asian States: Part 1: Geography - History - Culture - Politics - Economy. LIT Verlag. ISBN 978-3-643-96100-6.
• Znamierowski, Alfred (September 20, 2020). The World Encyclopedia of Flags: An Illustrated Guide to International Flags, Banners, Standards and Ensigns. Anness Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7548-3480-9.
• Мамфорд, Саймон, ред. (16 ноября 2021 г.). Полные флаги мира: полный карманный путеводитель (7-е изд.). Dorling Kindersley Publishing, Incorporated. ISBN 978-0-241-52356-8.

Дальнейшее чтение

• Муха, Людвик (1985). Краткая энциклопедия флагов и гербов Вебстера. Crescent Books. ISBN 978-0-517-49951-1.
• Крэмптон, Уильям Г. (1989). Полное руководство по флагам. Галерея книг. ISBN 978-0-8317-1605-9.
• Флаги мира (1-е изд.). Philip's. 1 января 2004 г. doi :10.1093/acref/9780199652938.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-965293-8.