List of horror films of the 1930s

A list of horror films released in the 1930s.

History

The American horror film was properly created in the 1930s, most notably the Universal Horror film productions.^[1] White Zombie is considered the first feature-length zombie film and has been described as the archetype and model of all zombie movies.^[2]^[3] A number of Hollywood actors made a name for themselves in horror films of this decade, in particular Bela Lugosi (Dracula, 1931) and Boris Karloff (Frankenstein, 1931). Fredric March won an Academy Award for Best Actor in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, 1931.^[4] Films of this era frequently took their inspiration from the literature of gothic horror^[5] and more often dealt with themes of science versus religion rather than supernatural themes.^[6]

Many horror films of this era provoked public outcry and censors cut many of the more violent and gruesome scenes from such films as Frankenstein, Island of Lost Souls and The Black Cat.^[7]^[8] In 1933, the British Board of Film Censors (BBFC) introduced an "H" rating for films labeled "Horrific" for "any films likely to frighten or horrify children under the age of 16 years"^[9] and only a year later Hollywood initiated a strict production code limiting the violence and sexuality that could be portrayed in films.^[10] In 1935, the President of the BBFC Edward Shortt, wrote "although a separate category has been established for these [horrific] films, I am sorry to learn they are on the increase...I hope that the producers and renters will accept this word of warning, and discourage this type of subject as far as possible."^[9] As the United Kingdom was a significant market for Hollywood, American producers listened to Shortt's warning, and the number of Hollywood produced horror films decreased in 1936.^[9] A trade paper Variety reported that Universal Studios abandonment of horror films after the release of Dracula's Daughter was that "European countries, especially England are prejudiced against this type product [sic]."^[9]

At the end of the decade, a profitable re-release of Dracula and Frankenstein would encourage Universal to produce Son of Frankenstein (1939), starting off a resurgence of the horror film that would continue into the mid-1940s.^[11]

List

References

Citations

^ Chibnall & Petley 2002, p. 58.
^ Rhodes 2001, p. 13.
^ Prawer 1989, p. 68.
^ "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1931)". Allmovie. Retrieved June 4, 2013.
^ Worland 2007, p. 55.
^ Rhodes 2001, p. 19.
^ Baumgartner & Davis 2008, p. 217.
^ Prince 2004, p. 6.
^ a b c d Chibnall & Petley 2002, p. 59.
^ Doherty, Thomas "The Code Before 'Da Vinci'" Washington Post (May 20, 2006)
^ Worland 2007, p. 68.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah AFI 1993, p. 1090.
^ Erickson, Hal. "Dracula (Spanish Version)". Allmovie. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
^ Wollstein, Hans J. "The Phantom". Allmovie. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
^ "Castle Sinister". 75 Most Wanted. British Film Institute National Archive. Archived from the original on May 14, 2011. Retrieved October 18, 2010.
^ a b Mank 2001, p. xvii.
^ Brennan, Sandra. "Kongo". Allmovie. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
^ a b c d Mank 2001, p. xvi.
^ Hardy 1995, pp. 52–53.
^ Hardy 1995, pp. 54–55.
^ Wells 2000, p. 50.
^ Hardy 1995, p. 56.
^ Brennan, Sandra. "The Monkey's Paw". Allmovie. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
^ Hardy 1995, p. 57.
^ Firsching, Robert. "Chloe". Allmovie. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
^ Hardy 1995, p. 60.
^ Hardy 1995, p. 59.
^ Chibnall & Petley 2002, p. 64.
^ Hardy 1995, p. 63.
^ Hardy 1995, p. 64.
^ Erickson, Hal. "The Devil-Doll". Allmovie. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
^ a b Hardy 1995, p. 66.
^ Hardy 1995, p. 65.
^ Hobart, Tana. "Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street". Allmovie. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
^ Hobart, Tana. "Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street" (DVD). Allmovie. Retrieved July 25, 2011.
^ Blaise, Judd. "Buried Alive". Allmovie. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
^ Hardy 1995, p. 67.
^ Hardy 1995, pp. 67–68.
^ Binion, Cavett. "The Face at the Window". Allmovie. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
^ Blackburn, Steve. "The Gorilla". Allmovie. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
^ Hardy 1995, pp. 68–69.
^ Brennan, Sandra. "The Return of Doctor X". Allmovie. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
^ Eder, Bruce. "Torture Ship". Allmovie. Retrieved August 7, 2011.

Bibliography

American Film Institute (1993). The American Film Institute catalog of motion pictures produced in the United States, Volume 1, Part 2. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-07908-6.
Baumgartner, Holly Lynn; Davis, Roger (2008). Hosting the Monster. Rodopi. ISBN 978-0-7864-0988-4.
Chibnall, Steve; Petley, Julian (2002). British horror cinema. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-23004-7.
Hardy, Phil, ed. (1995). The Overlook Film Encyclopedia. Vol. 3. Overlook Press. ISBN 0-87951-624-0.
Mank, Gregory William (2001). Hollywood Cauldron: Thirteen Horror Films from the Genre's Golden Age. McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-1112-0.
Prawer, Siegbert Salomon (1989). Caligari's Children: The Film as Tale of Terror. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80347-X.
Prince, Stephen (2004). The Horror Film. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0-8135-3363-5.
Rhodes, Gary Don (2001). White Zombie: Anatomy of a Horror Film. McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-0988-6.
Wells, Paul (2000). The horror genre: from Beelzebub to Blair Witch. Wallflower Press. ISBN 1-903364-00-0.
Worland, Rick (2007). The Horror Film: A Brief Introduction. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4051-3902-1.

External links

Horror films of the 1930s on Internet Movie Database