In 2001, the first president, Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, whose term was expiring, was ousted from the capital by the opposition for refusing to step down. The opposition held a shir (council) in November and elected Jama Ali Jama as president. Therefore, Jama Ali Jama is sometimes considered the second president of Puntland.[1]
However, Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed formed an army and, with Ethiopian support, expelled Jama Ali Jama from the capital in early 2002.[1] Therefore, today, Somali media usually don't count Jama Ali Jama a Puntland president, and report Mohamed Abdi Hashi as the second president.[2][3]
Therefore, Abdirahman Farole is the "fourth president," according to a document issued in 2018 by the Puntland Bureau of Statistics.[4] And the current president of Puntland, Said Deni, writes in his Facebook page until 2023, "The 6th and Current President Of the Puntland State of Somalia", and from 2024, "The 7th and Current President Of the Puntland State of Somalia."[5]
^Africa South of the Sahara 2003 (32nd ed.). Old Woking, Surrey: The Gresham Press. 2003. ISBN 1-85743-131-6 – via Google Books.
^Department of State (September 2005). Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Report Submitted to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, U.S. House of Representatives and Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate by the Department of State in Accordance with Sections 116(d) and 502B(b) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as Amended (Report). U.S. Government Printing Office – via Google Books.
^ a b"Puntland State of Somalia – Elections and Administrative Structure". plstate.so. Puntland State.
^ a bPuntland Development Research Center; Interpeace Regional Office for Eastern and Central Africa (June 2015). Puntland's Political Transformation: Taking the First Steps toward Democratic Elections (PDF) (Report). Garowe. ISBN 978-9966-1665-3-1.
^"Somalia: UN Congratulates Puntland Region's Newly-Elected President". UN News. January 9, 2019. Retrieved 2022-07-30.