The Stockholm School (Swedish: Stockholmsskolan) is a school of economic thought. It refers to a loosely organized group of Swedish economists that worked together, in Stockholm, Sweden primarily in the 1930s.
The Stockholm School had—like John Maynard Keynes—come to the same conclusions in macroeconomics and the theories of demand and supply. Like Keynes, they were inspired by the works of Knut Wicksell, a Swedish economist active in the early years of the twentieth century.
William Barber's comment upon Gunnar Myrdal's work on monetary theory goes like this:
"If his contribution had been available to readers of English before 1936, it is interesting to speculate whether the 'revolution' in macroeconomic theory of the depression decade would be referred to as 'Myrdalian' as much as 'Keynesian'”[1]
History and aspects
Two of the most prominent members of the Stockholm School were Stockholm School of Economics professors Gunnar Myrdal and Bertil Ohlin. The movement's name, "The Stockholm School", was launched in an article by Bertil Ohlin in the influential Economic Journal in 1937, "Some Notes on the Stockholm Theory of Savings and Investment".
The article was published in response to the publication of Keynes' magnum opus, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money in 1936, and its purpose was to draw international attention to the Swedish discoveries in the field, many of which had predated the discoveries of Keynes. Gunnar Myrdal was early in supporting the theses of John Maynard Keynes, maintaining that the basic idea of adjusting national budgets to slow or speed an economy was first developed in Sweden by him and the Stockholm School.
Scandinavian welfare state
Myrdal and Ohlin went on to further develop their theories, and in so doing, they developed the intellectual underpinnings of the modern north Europeanwelfare state. Their theories were embraced and implemented as national policy by the two powerful arms of the Swedish labor movement, the Swedish Social Democratic Party and the national labor union, the Swedish Trade Union Confederation.
In the post-World War II geopolitical situation of the Cold War, with two rival political blocks, their theories also achieved wide international appeal as a "Third Way", i.e. a middle way between a market economy and a command economy. The objective of this "third way" was to achieve a high level of social equality without undermining economic efficiency.
Erik Lindahl (21 November 1891 – 6 January 1960) was another member of the Stockholm school; he proposed a method of financing public goods in accordance with individual benefits. In the Lindahl equilibrium, the quantity of the public good satisfies the requirement that the aggregate marginal benefit equals the marginal cost of providing the good.
Ingvar Svennilson (14 March 1908 – 1972) became known for his theories in planned economics.
^W. Barber (23 November 2007). Gunnar Myrdal: An Intellectual Biography. Palgrave Macmillan UK. ISBN 978-0-230-28901-7.
Further reading
Carlson, Benny; Jonung, Lars (September 2006). "Knut Wicksell, Gustav Cassel, Eli Heckscher, Bertil Ohlin and Gunnar Myrdal on the Role of the Economist in Public Debate". Econ Journal Watch. 3 (1). Econ Journal Watch.
Patinkin, Don (1978). "On the Relation between Keynesian Economics and the 'Stockholm School'". The Scandinavian Journal of Economics. 80 (2): 135–143. doi:10.2307/3439878. JSTOR 3439878.
Gunnar Myrdal’s Prescient Criticisms of Keynes’ General Theory-by Philip Pilkington
A Methodolological Issue: Ex-Ante and Ex-Post,Claude Gnos
Gunnar Myrdal, growth processes and equilibrium theory
Rules from Myrdal’s Monetary Equilibrium Adrián de León-Arias
Monetary Equilibrium -Claes Henrik Siver Stockholm University
Shackle, G. L. S. (1945), "Myrdal's Analysis of Monetary Equilibrium", Oxford Economic Papers (7): 47–66, doi:10.1093/oxepap/os-7.1.47, JSTOR 2663487