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Valday, Novgorod Oblast

Valday[10] (Russian: Валда́й) is a town and the administrative center of Valdaysky District in Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located on the southwestern shore of Lake Valdayskoye, the biggest one in the set of lakes in the highest region of the Valdai Hills, on the M10 Highway connecting Moscow and St. Petersburg, 386 kilometers (240 mi) from Moscow and 140 kilometers (87 mi) from Veliky Novgorod, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 16,098 (2010 Russian census);[5] 18,703 (2002 Census);[11] 19,173 (1989 Soviet census).[12]

History

It was first mentioned in a chronicle in 1495.[3] At the time, it was a part of Derevskaya Pyatina of the Novgorod Republic.[3] The growth of Valday was facilitated by construction of a road connecting Novgorod to Central Russia and by the foundation of the Valday Iversky Monastery in 1653, which became a major cultural center. The famous monastery, built under the auspices of Patriarch Nikon in the 1650s, is located on one of the islands of Lake Valdayskoye.

In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the territory was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as St. Petersburg Governorate). In 1727, separate Novgorod Governorate was split off. In 1770, Valday was chartered[4] and became the seat of Valdaysky Uyezd of Novgorod Viceroyalty. In 1796, the viceroyalty was transformed into Novgorod Governorate.[13] Located along the road connecting Moscow and St. Petersburg, Valday developed as a major trade center. The town became the leading center of bell manufacturing in Russia. It also became a major pilgrim destination.

In August 1927, the uyezds were abolished and, effective October 1, 1927, Valdaysky District was established, with the administrative center in Valday.[14] Novgorod Governorate was abolished as well and the district became a part of Borovichi Okrug of Leningrad Oblast.[14] On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast.[14] Valday was close to the eastern front line for Russia during World War II, but was never occupied by German troops. On July 5, 1944, Valdaysky District was transferred to newly established Novgorod Oblast and remained there ever since.[15]

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Valday serves as the administrative center of Valdaysky District.[1] As an administrative division, it is, together with the selo of Zimogorye, incorporated within Valdaysky District as the town of district significance of Valday.[2] As a municipal division, the town of district significance of Valday is incorporated within Valdaysky Municipal District as Valdayskoye Urban Settlement.[7]

Economy

Industry

In Valday, there are enterprises of timber and food industries, as well as enterprises producing optical devices and pumps.[16]

Transportation

A railway which connects Bologoye and Pskov via Staraya Russa passes through Valday. The town also has a railway connection with Kresttsy. There is no passenger traffic but the railway is in use for cargo traffic.

Valday is located on the M10 Highway which connects Moscow and St. Petersburg. There is a road connection to Okulovka, as well as local roads.

Culture and tourism

The church of St. Catherine (1790s, attributed to Nikolay Lvov)

Valday is a popular tourist destination, situated in the middle of the Valdaysky National Park, in the northern part of the Valdai Hills. Most tourists visit the lake and the town during the summer. Valday features many recreation facilities and sanatoria, with many camping places available around the lake. The first meeting of the Valdai Discussion Club was also held on the lake.

Valday contains forty-three cultural heritage monuments of federal significance and additionally seventy-four objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance.[17] The federal monuments are the ensemble of Valday Iversky Monastery, the Presentation Church, and a park.

The Valdaysky District Museum, located in Valday, displays two exhibitions. One is devoted to the history of Valday as an uyezd seat in the 19th century. This part of the museum is located in the Mikhaylova House, a 19th-century historical building. The second part, in the former Church of St Katherine, the Great Martyr, highlights the history of Valday bell-making.[18] In the end of the 18th and in the 19th century, bell-making was a traditional handicraft in Valday. Big church bells, as well as small bells which were hung to a horse harness, were produced.[3]

Gallery

Residence of the President of Russia

Very close to the town on the coast of Lake Valdayskoye there is a residence of the President of Russia. The complex of buildings is highly secured and a large sector of the lake is closed for boats and swimmers. This place was frequented by President Boris Yeltsin and is also Vladimir Putin's favorite. Putin's Dacha is on the southern 100 hectares (250 acres) of a peninsula between Lake Uzhin (Russian: Ужин) and Lake Valdai (Russian: озеро Валдай) and is across Lake Valdai from Valday (Russian: Валдай).[19][20] Often, Putin's Dacha, which was built in 1980, is called Valdai, Dolgie Bearods, or Stalin's Dacha, but Stalin was not alive when Valdai was built.[21] Abutting north of this location is 150 hectares (370 acres) owned by the Russian Federation and is frequented by the Federal Security Service.[19] According to Alexei Navalny, Yuri Kovalchuk is the owner of Putin's Dacha.[19]

Twin towns – sister cities

References

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e Law #559-OZ
  2. ^ a b c Resolution #121
  3. ^ a b c d История города и района (in Russian). Официальный сайт Администрации Валдайского муниципального района. 2012. Retrieved May 28, 2014.
  4. ^ a b Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 62. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
  5. ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  6. ^ a b Law #284-OZ
  7. ^ a b c Law #371-OZ
  8. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  9. ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
  10. ^ The name is alternatively spelled Valdai
  11. ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  12. ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  13. ^ Snytko et al., p. 22
  14. ^ a b c Snytko et al., p. 85
  15. ^ Snytko et al., p. 100
  16. ^ Район сегодня (in Russian). Администрация Валдайского муниципального района. Retrieved February 8, 2012.
  17. ^ Памятники истории и культуры народов Российской Федерации (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Culture. Retrieved June 2, 2016.
  18. ^ Валдайский краеведческий музей (in Russian). Российская сеть культурного наследия. Retrieved February 8, 2012.
  19. ^ a b c "Тайны валдайской дачи Путина" [Secrets of Putin's Valdai dacha]. navalny.com (in Russian). April 15, 2021. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  20. ^ Матвеев, Владимир (Matveev, Vladimir) (September 12, 2000). "Власть" [Vlast]. Kommersant (in Russian). Retrieved April 17, 2021. Map showing location of Putin's dacha at Valdai{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  21. ^ Матвеев, Владимир (Matveev, Vladimir) (September 12, 2000). "Путино-Дачное" [Putino-Dachnoe]. Kommersant (in Russian). Retrieved April 17, 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Sources

External links

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