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Signal transducing adaptor protein

Src-associated adaptor protein Skap2 with 1u5e code

Signal transducing adaptor proteins (STAPs) are proteins that are accessory to main proteins in a signal transduction pathway.[1] Adaptor proteins contain a variety of protein-binding modules that link protein-binding partners together and facilitate the creation of larger signaling complexes. These proteins tend to lack any intrinsic enzymatic activity themselves,[2] instead mediating specific protein–protein interactions that drive the formation of protein complexes. Examples of adaptor proteins include MYD88,[3][4] Grb2 and SHC1.

Signaling components

Much of the specificity of signal transduction depends on the recruitment of several signalling components such as protein kinases and G-protein GTPases into short-lived active complexes in response to an activating signal such as a growth factor binding to its receptor.

Domains

Adaptor proteins usually contain several domains within their structure (e.g., Src homology 2 (SH2) and SH3 domains) that allow specific interactions with several other specific proteins. SH2 domains recognise specific amino acid sequences within proteins containing phosphotyrosine residues and SH3 domains recognise proline-rich sequences within specific peptide sequence contexts of proteins.

There are many other types of interaction domains found within adaptor and other signalling proteins that allow a rich diversity of specific and coordinated protein–protein interactions to occur within the cell during signal transduction.

Examples of adaptor proteins

Adaptor proteins include:

See also

References

  1. ^ "Role of Signal Transducing Adaptor Protein (STAP) Family in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia". Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  2. ^ Signal+Transducing+Adaptor+Proteins at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
  3. ^ "Entrez Gene: MYD88 Myeloid differentiation primary response gene (88)".
  4. ^ Bonnert TP, Garka KE, Parnet P, Sonoda G, Testa JR, Sims JE (January 1997). "The cloning and characterization of human MyD88: a member of an IL-1 receptor related family". FEBS Letters. 402 (1): 81–4. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(96)01506-2. PMID 9013863. S2CID 44843127.

Further reading