Kadhimiya

Kadhimiya (Arabic: ٱلْكَاظِمِيَّة, pronounced [alˈkaːðˤɪmijːa]) or Kadhimayn (ٱلْكَاظِمَيْن) is a northern neighbourhood of the city of Baghdad, Iraq. It is about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from the city's center, on the west bank of the Tigris. 'Kadhimiya' is also the name of one of nine administrative districts in Baghdad. As the place of al-Kadhimiya Mosque, even before its inception into the urban area of Baghdad, it is regarded as a holy city by Twelver Shia muslims.^[1]

Religious significance and history

The Kāẓimayn ("Two who swallow their anger"), from whom the Mosque and area of Kadhimiyyah are named, are the Twelver Shia Imams Musa al-Kadhim and his grandson, Muhammad al-Jawad ibn Ali al-Ridha. The qubur (Arabic: قُبُوْر, graves) of the Kāẓimayn, and the scholars Mufid and Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, are within the premises of the Mosque.^[1]^[2] The area that now constitutes Al-Kāẓimiyyah was originally the location of a graveyard reserved for members of the Quraysh. This land was set aside for this purpose by the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid. In its early history, the town was an important center of Shia learning, perhaps the main center, but over time the town declined, and other cities rose to prominence.
The location of the city has lent it to numerous plunders, that have resulted in damage to its shrines at different times in history. Among the most damage ever experienced by the town was after the Mongol Siege of Baghdad (1258) where the shrine of the Shia Imams was burnt down.
During the Government of Midhat Pasha in the Ottoman Empire, a tramway was built between Baghdad and Kadhiyma in order to transport the pilgrims who traveled to the Shia shrines. The tramway was in service until 1938 when bus services began to be established.^[3]
The area was also an important center of Iraqi revolt against the British after World War I.
Baha'u'llah lived in this section of Baghdad during His exile from Iran, famously dictating the Hidden Words on the banks of the Tigris river
In 2005, a stampede occurred on Al-Aimmah Bridge over the Tigris River. About 1000 people were killed.^[4]
Iraqi officials executed Saddam Hussein at an American operated facility in al-Kāẓimiyyah known as "Camp Justice".
Baghdad Security Plan: During Operation Imposing Law in 2007, there were rumours that United States' forces built walls around Al-Kadhimiyya Mosque. According to Iraqslogger.com, the protests that resulted were due to an agreement between Iraqi security officials and the Mahdi Army (now called the Peace Companies) that US forces would not come within 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) of the shrine.^[5]
Pilgrims to the shrine were attacked on 30 April 2016, leading to wider protests.

Government and infrastructure

Kadhimiyya Women's Prison is in the area. Women on Iraq's death row are held at the Shaaba Khamsa death row facility at Camp Justice. As of 2014 the adult women's death row had 36 women as well as children even though the facility was only intended to hold 25 women.^[6]

Education

Amil High School for Girls is in this neighborhood.^[7]

References

^ a b "Kadhimiya". Encyclopaedia of Iranian Architectural History (in Persian). Archived from the original on 3 October 2015. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
^ "تاریخچه حرم کاظمین" (in Persian). kazem.ommolketab.ir. Archived from the original on 2018-03-10. Retrieved 2017-06-15.
^ Ceylan, Ebubekir (2011). The Ottoman Origins of Modern Iraq: Political Reform, Modernization and Development in the Nineteenth Century Middle East. I.B. Tauris. pp. 202–203. ISBN 978-1-8488-5425-3.
^ "Sunni rescuer hailed as Iraq hero". BBC News. 2005-09-05. Retrieved 2013-11-09.
^ Exclusive "Bridges of Baghdad" Report Archived 2007-05-20 at the Wayback Machine.
^ "“No One is Safe” The Abuse of Women in Iraq’s Criminal Justice System" (Archive). Human Rights Watch. February 6, 2014. Retrieved on December 25, 2015.
^ Partlow, Joshua. "For Baghdad's Uprooted Girls, School Offers A Hard Haven" (Archive). Washington Post. February 16, 2007. Retrieved on May 6, 2015.

External links