Finland is divided into 19 regions (Finnish: maakunta; Swedish: landskap)[a]which are governed by regional councils that serve as forums of cooperation for the municipalities of each region. The councils are composed of delegates from the municipal councils. The main tasks of regional councils are regional planning, the development of enterprises, and education. Between 2004 and 2012, the regional council of Kainuu was elected via popular elections as part of an experimental regional administration.[2]
In 2022, new Wellbeing services counties were established as part of a health care and social services reform. The wellbeing services counties follow the regional borders, and are governed by directly elected county councils.[3]
Åland
One region, Åland, has a special status and has a much higher degree of autonomy than the others, with its own Parliament and local laws, due to its unique history and the fact that the overwhelming majority of its people are Finland Swedes. The sole language of Åland is Swedish/Finland Swedish, unlike the rest of the country where Finnish and Swedish share official status. It has its own elected head of government who carries the title of Premier and heads the Lantråd, the regional executive. Most powers that would be exercised by the Government of Finland on the mainland are instead exercised by Åland-specific authorities which execute independent policy in most areas. The Åland islanders elect a single representative to the national legislature, while the Government of Finland appoints a Governor to represent the national government on Åland. Åland is a demilitarized zone and Åland islanders are exempt from conscription.
Representation of the state
In addition to inter-municipal cooperation, which is the responsibility of regional councils, there are 15 Centres for Economic Development, Transport and the Environment (Finnish: elinkeino-, liikenne- ja ympäristökeskus, abbreviated ely-keskus), which are responsible for the local administration of labour, agriculture, fisheries, forestry and entrepreneurial affairs. They are each responsible for one or more of regions of Finland, and include offices of the Ministries of Employment and the Economy, Transport and Communications and Environment. The Finnish Defence Forces regional offices are responsible for the regional defence preparations and for the administration of conscription within the region.
^Kymenlaakso is the only region with two capitals, of which Kotka is the official regional centre and Kouvola is the administrative one.
References
^"Sátnegirjjit, Dictionaries of Finnish, Swedish, the Sami Languages, English and Russian". dicts.uit.no. Archived from the original on 18 February 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
^"Historiallinen maakuntahallinto opetti valtiota". Yle uutiset. 17 December 2012. Archived from the original on 10 December 2017. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
^"Health and social services reform". Finnish Government. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
^"Suomen hallintorakenteeseen ja maakuntauudistukseen liittyviä termejä sekä maakuntien ja kuntien nimet fi-sv-en-(ru)" (PDF). vnk.fi. pp. 8–9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 June 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
^"Municipal key figures / With the 2021 regional division / Municipal key figures". Statistics Finland. Archived from the original on 13 August 2023. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
^"Regions of Finland 2010". Statistics Finland. Archived from the original on 29 September 2018. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
^"Valtioneuvosto päätti Uudenmaan ja Itä-Uudenmaan maakuntien yhdistämisestä" (in Finnish). Ministry of Finance. October 22, 2009. Archived from the original on August 7, 2011. Retrieved December 30, 2010.
^"Statistics Finland". www2.stat.fi. Archived from the original on 2022-08-07. Retrieved 2022-07-04.
External links
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