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List of wars by death toll

This list of wars by death toll includes all deaths that are either directly or indirectly caused by war. These numbers include the deaths of military personnel which are the direct results of a battle or other military wartime actions, as well as wartime/war-related deaths of civilians which are often results of war-induced epidemics, famines, genocide, etc. Due to incomplete records, the destruction of evidence, differing methods of counting, and various other reasons, death tolls of wars have often been quite uncertain, and heavily debated.

While the definition of war isn't entirely clear-cut, there is a general understanding of what it is. Merriam-Webster defines war as "a state of usually open and declared armed hostile conflict between states or nations",[1] Oxford English Dictionary defines war as "hostile contention by means of armed forces, carried on between nations, states, or rulers, or between parties in the same nation or state; the employment of armed forces against a foreign power, or against an opposing party in the state",[2] and Encyclopædia Britannica defines war as "a conflict between political groups involving hostilities of considerable duration and magnitude".[3]

List

Charts and Graphs

Bubble chart of wars over 1.5M deaths.
Seven deadliest wars after 1900. The length of each spiral segment is proportional to the war's duration and its area size to its death toll.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ While the war in Europe began in 1939, the Marco Polo Bridge Incident is often considered by many to be the beginning of World War II at large[7][8]

References

  1. ^ "war". Merriam-Webster.
  2. ^ "war". Oxford English Dictionary.
  3. ^ Frankel, Joseph. "war". Encyclopædia Britannica.
  4. ^ "Research Starters: Worldwide Deaths in World War II". National World War II Museum.
  5. ^ "World War II". National Park Service.
  6. ^ "World War II". highpointnc.gov.
  7. ^ "Liberation in China and the Pacific". National World War II Museum.
  8. ^ Patranobis, Sutirtho (29 August 2015). "WWII began in 1937 with Japanese invasion: China". Hindustan Times.
  9. ^ White, Matthew (2012). The Great Big Book of Horrible Things: The Definitive Chronicle of History's 100 Worst Atrocities. W. W. Norton. p. 93. ISBN 978-0-393-08192-3.
  10. ^ "Selected Death Tolls for Wars, Massacres and Atrocities Before the 20th Century". Necrometrics.
  11. ^ "Taiping Rebellion". Encyclopædia Britannica. 21 August 2024.
  12. ^ "The Taiping Rebellion of 1850-64". University at Albany.
  13. ^ "World War I Casualties" (Document). United States Census Bureau.
  14. ^ "First World War Defining Moments, 1914–1918". National Museum of Australia.
  15. ^ "Number of military and civilian fatalities during the First World War, per country or world power, between 1914 and 1918". Statista.
  16. ^ "To history, today's violence is a speck". South China Morning Post. 28 October 2011.
  17. ^ "5 Of The 10 Deadliest Wars Began In China". Business Insider. 6 October 2014.
  18. ^ Mawdsley, Evan (24 February 2009). The Russian Civil War. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-681-77009-3.
  19. ^ Daudin, Pascal (23 May 2017). "The Thirty Years' War: The first modern war?". International Committee of the Red Cross.
  20. ^ The Native population of the Americas in 1492, de William M. Denevan, Univ. de Wisconsin Press, 1992, pp. 28
  21. ^ Andrés Lira and Luis Muro: "El siglo de la Integración ", p. 10
  22. ^ "De re Militari: muertos en Guerras, Dictaduras y Genocidios". remilitari.com.
  23. ^ a b "Death Tolls for the Major Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century". Necrometrics.
  24. ^ Kabha, Mustafa (2023). "The Fall of Al-Andalus and the Evolution of its Memory in Modern Arab-Muslim Historiography". The Maghreb Review. 48 (3): 289–303. doi:10.1353/tmr.2023.a901468. ISSN 2754-6772.
  25. ^ Esdaile, Charles (2007). Napoleon's Wars: An International History 1803–1815. Viking. ISBN 9780670020300.
  26. ^ "Conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo". Council on Foreign Relations.
  27. ^ Bavier, Joe (22 January 2008). "Congo war-driven crisis kills 45,000 a month-study". Reuters.
  28. ^ Moszynski, Peter (2 February 2008). "5.4 million people have died in Democratic Republic of Congo since 1998 because of conflict, report says". BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 336 (7638): 235. doi:10.1136/bmj.39475.524282.DB. PMC 2223004. PMID 18244974.
  29. ^ Jaime Jaramillo Uribe. "Ensayos de historia social: La sociedad neogranadina" (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 August 2024.
  30. ^ https://www.banrep.gov.co/sites/default/files/paginas/lbr_colonial_graficos3.pdf
  31. ^ Millett, Allan (25 August 2024). "Korean War". Encyclopædia Britannica.

Further reading

External links