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Список городов и деревень, опустевших во время Палестинской войны 1947–1949 гг.

Во время Палестинской войны 1947–1949 годов , или Накбы , около 400 палестинских арабских городов и деревень были насильственно опустошены , большинство из них было разрушено и стало непригодным для проживания. [1] [2] Сегодня все эти места находятся на территории Израиля ; многие из них были заново заселены еврейскими иммигрантами , а их топонимы были заменены на еврейские .

Арабы остались в небольшом количестве в некоторых городах ( Хайфа , Яффо и Акко ); и Иерусалим был разделен между Иорданией и Израилем . Около 30 000 палестинцев остались в Иерусалиме в том, что стало арабской его частью ( Восточный Иерусалим ). Кроме того, около 30 000 беженцев нееврейского происхождения переехали в Восточный Иерусалим, в то время как 5 000 еврейских беженцев переехали из Старого города в Западный Иерусалим на израильской стороне. Подавляющее число арабских жителей, которые жили в городах, которые стали частью Израиля и были переименованы ( Акко , Хайфа , Сафад , Тверия , Ашкелон , Беэр-Шева , Яффо и Бейсан ), бежали или были изгнаны. Большинство палестинцев, которые остались там, являются внутренне перемещенными лицами из близлежащих деревень. [3]

Ряд городов и деревень были разрушены израильскими войсками после войны 1948 года, но только в 1965 году более 100 оставшихся населенных пунктов, включая многие из самых обезлюдевших мест, были снесены Израильским земельным управлением . [4]

Существует более 120 «памятных книг деревень», документирующих историю обезлюдевших палестинских деревень. Эти книги основаны на рассказах жителей деревень. Рошель А. Дэвис описала авторов как стремящихся «передать информацию о своих деревнях и их ценностях будущим поколениям». [5]

Перечисленные ниже города и деревни расположены в соответствии с подокругами Подмандатной Палестины, в которых они находились.

Стол

Other villages (not in table above)

Acre Subdistrict

Haifa Subdistrict

Jerusalem Subdistrict

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Benny Morris (2004). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge University Press. p. 342. ISBN 978-0-521-00967-6. Retrieved 22 May 2013. About 400 villages and towns were depopulated in the course of the war and its immediate aftermath. By mid-1949, the majority of these sites were either completely or partly in ruins and uninhabitable.
  2. ^ Naseer Aruri (20 July 2001). Palestinian Refugees: The Right of Return. Pluto Press. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-7453-1777-9. Retrieved 22 May 2013. Of the 418 depopulated villages, 293 (70%) were totally destroyed and 90 (22%) were largely destroyed. Seven survived, including 'Ayn Karim (west of Jerusalem), but were taken by Israeli settlers.
  3. ^ Davis, 2011, pp. 237-238
  4. ^ Shai, Aron. “The Fate of Abandoned Arab Villages in Israel, 1965-1969.” History and Memory, vol. 18, no. 2, 2006, pp. 86–106: "In the spring of 1965, the Israel Land Administration (ILA) initiated the demolition (or to quote contemporary records, “leveling”) of more than one hundred of these abandoned Arab villages. For about fifteen years prior to the ILA initiative, some of the abandoned villages had been demolished, with just their mosques or churches left standing, while others still stood deserted. Some of the villages were well preserved, while others bore the ravages of time; some had been settled with Jewish immigrants at the Israeli government’s initiative (figures 1–4). In villages where the houses had collapsed or were on the verge of collapse, the scars of IDF urban warfare exercises could sometimes be seen, and there were signs of looting and vandalism. However, it was only in the spring of 1965 that a clear policy was established to “level” the abandoned villages with the aim of “clearing” the country, to quote the official term used at the time. The operation, which was deliberately planned and executed, unlike its predecessor in the aftermath of the 1948 war, lasted until the few weeks of political and military tension before the June 1967 Six-Day War, and was subsequently continued after the war, and even expanded to include the newly occupied territories... The demolition program affected a large number of villages, including al-Burj, Bir Ma‘in (near present-day Modi‘in), Tall al-Safi, Zakariyya (in the Elah Valley), Abu Shusha and al-Qubab (southeast of Ramle), al-Khayriyya (near Jaffa; the place later became the central garbage tip), and in the north—Lubya (east of Tiberias), Dalaata (near Safed), and the small town of Saffuriyya (now the Tzippori national park)."
  5. ^ Davis, 2011, p. Preface - xvii
  6. ^ a b c d e Abu Sitta 2010, pp. 108–115.
  7. ^ Abu Sitta 2006, pp. 108–115.
  8. ^ Davidson, Carter (May 1, 1948). "Jewish Troops Surround Arab Points as Arabs Plan Wearing Down War". The Spartanberg Herald. Associated Press. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
  9. ^ a b c d e Khalidi, 1992, p. 235
  10. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #75
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Morris, 2004, p. xv
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Khalidi, 1992, pp. 166, 188
  13. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xx, settlement #8.
  14. ^ a b c d e Khalidi, 1992, p. 198
  15. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 100
  16. ^ a b c d e Khalidi, 1992, p. 97
  17. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 154
  18. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #92
  19. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #91
  20. ^ a b c d Khalidi, 1992, p. 3
  21. ^ a b c d e Khalidi, 1992, p. 2
  22. ^ a b c Dear Prince William, if you have to go, make it count, Robert Cohen, March 10, 2018, Mondoweiss
  23. ^ יישוב למפוני גוש קטיף נבנה על שרידי כפר פלסטיני Haaretz, 21 June 2013
  24. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #144
  25. ^ a b c d Khalidi, 1992, p. 538
  26. ^ a b c d e Khalidi, 1992, p. 253
  27. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #113
  28. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #119
  29. ^ a b c d e Khalidi, 1992, pp. 8-9
  30. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #153, in 1949-50.
  31. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #184, in 1949.
  32. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 248
  33. ^ Volynsky and Arbel, 2015, Or Yehuda
  34. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #65, 1949-1950
  35. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 87
  36. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xx, settlement #6
  37. ^ a b c d e Khalidi, 1992, p. 92
  38. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 360
  39. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #166
  40. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #50, January 1949.
  41. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 82
  42. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #28
  43. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 277
  44. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 366
  45. ^ a b c d Khalidi, 1992, p. 13
  46. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #182
  47. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 102
  48. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 565
  49. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #118
  50. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 212
  51. ^ a b c d e Khalidi, 1992, p. 533
  52. ^ a b c d Khalidi, 1992, p. 283
  53. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 108
  54. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 407
  55. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #84
  56. ^ a b c d e f Khalidi, 1992, p. 560
  57. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 379
  58. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 395
  59. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 408
  60. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #85
  61. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 323
  62. ^ a b c d e f g Khalidi, 1992, p. 363
  63. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 455
  64. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 421: part of it occupies the former palatial home of Abu Umar Effendi
  65. ^ Traces of poison, Salman Abu-Sitta, 5 March 2003, Al-Ahram
  66. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #99
  67. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #100
  68. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 387
  69. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 19
  70. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #30
  71. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xx, settlement #9
  72. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #186
  73. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #117
  74. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 200
  75. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 400
  76. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 10
  77. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #47, January 1949
  78. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 403
  79. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 384
  80. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 119
  81. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 129
  82. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 136
  83. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 418
  84. ^ Morris, Benny (2004). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited (Revised ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. xxii. ISBN 9780521009676.
  85. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 193
  86. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 517
  87. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 15
  88. ^ In 1950, according to Khalidi, 1992, p. 114
  89. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #60, 1949.
  90. ^ In 1949, according to Khalidi, 1992, p. 114
  91. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, pp. 404-5
  92. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #76
  93. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 117
  94. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 240
  95. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 226
  96. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 118
  97. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #98
  98. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 399
  99. ^ Jakoel, 2017, Elʽad
  100. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #120
  101. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 30
  102. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #51, established January 1949.
  103. ^ Benvenisti, 2000, p. 319
  104. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 258
  105. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #161, established 1949-50.
  106. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 492
  107. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 510
  108. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #45, January 1949
  109. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 22
  110. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 413
  111. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 116
  112. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 133
  113. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 482
  114. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #154
  115. ^ a b c d Khalidi, 1992, p. 34
  116. ^ a b c d Khalidi, 1992, p. 135
  117. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 101
  118. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 185
  119. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #162
  120. ^ a b c d e Khalidi, 1992, p. 137
  121. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 486
  122. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #49, established January 1949.
  123. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 491
  124. ^ Established in 1979. Khalidi, 1992, p. 491
  125. ^ a b c d e Khalidi, 1992, p. 131
  126. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 558
  127. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 507
  128. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 145
  129. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 103
  130. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 23
  131. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 35
  132. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 26
  133. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #53, January 1949
  134. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 31
  135. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 181
  136. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 553
  137. ^ a b Khalidi, 1991, p. 282
  138. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #160
  139. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 461
  140. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xx, settlement #12
  141. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 347
  142. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 122
  143. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 109
  144. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 441
  145. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #123, established 1949.
  146. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 151
  147. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 189
  148. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 174
  149. ^ Founded in 1951 on village land, to the south of the village. In Khalidi, 1992, p. 128
  150. ^ Founded in 1957 on village land, to the northeast. In Khalidi, 1992, p. 128
  151. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 312
  152. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 488
  153. ^ Morris 2008, p. 78.
  154. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #32
  155. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, village 52
  156. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 28
  157. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 203
  158. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #131. Settlement date uncertain, according to Morris, but possibly 1949 (re-established 1953)
  159. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 446
  160. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 252
  161. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #97, in 1949
  162. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 127
  163. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #33, October 1948.
  164. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 365
  165. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 220
  166. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 275
  167. ^ also known as Masmiya Shalom. Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #72, established in 1949
  168. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 126
  169. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 58
  170. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 942
  171. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 370
  172. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 410
  173. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #87, established 1949.
  174. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 357
  175. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #26
  176. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 362
  177. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 120
  178. ^ a b c d Khalidi, 1992, p. 17
  179. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 529
  180. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #179, 1949
  181. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 199
  182. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 371
  183. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 378
  184. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #23
  185. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 550
  186. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 266
  187. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 57
  188. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 287
  189. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 298
  190. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xx, settlement #11
  191. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 374
  192. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #73
  193. ^ Petersen, 2001, p. 287
  194. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #77
  195. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #130
  196. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 487
  197. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 539
  198. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, pp. 17-18
  199. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 443
  200. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #135, established 1949.
  201. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 471
  202. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 474
  203. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 269
  204. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #121
  205. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 170
  206. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 314
  207. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 47
  208. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 566
  209. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 144
  210. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 364
  211. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #34, October 1948
  212. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 239
  213. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xvii, settlement #159
  214. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 540
  215. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #143
  216. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xx, settlement #4
  217. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 158
  218. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #37
  219. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 299
  220. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 321
  221. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 557
  222. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 64
  223. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 280
  224. ^ Close by, but on land traditionally belonging to Abu Ghosh, according to Khalidi, 1992, p. 290
  225. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 54
  226. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xix, settlement #78, 1949
  227. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 59
  228. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #80, 1949
  229. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #126, 1949
  230. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 452
  231. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 547
  232. ^ a b c d Khalidi, 1992, p. 398
  233. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xx, settlement #13
  234. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 475
  235. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 6
  236. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 243
  237. ^ Mann, 2006, p. 246
  238. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 91
  239. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 67
  240. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxi, settlement #25
  241. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 63
  242. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 123
  243. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 41
  244. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 561
  245. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 224
  246. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 434
  247. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 494
  248. ^ a b c Khalidi, 1992, p. 168
  249. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #128
  250. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 157
  251. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xx, settlement #15, July, 1948. Moved to the land of Qannir in 1949.
  252. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 56
  253. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 415
  254. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 311
  255. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xx, settlement #14
  256. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 419
  257. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 74
  258. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 504
  259. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 552
  260. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 284
  261. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 161
  262. ^ a b c d e Khalidi, 1992, p. 24
  263. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 435
  264. ^ Khalidi, 1992, pp. 154-155
  265. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 333
  266. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 176
  267. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 191
  268. ^ a b c d Khalidi, 1992, p. 32
  269. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 567
  270. ^ a b Khalidi. 1992, p. 562
  271. ^ Morris, 2004, pp. 423, 514, 536

References

External links