A microwave (6 to 18 GHz) Phase Shifter and Frequency Translator
A phase shift module is a microwave network module which provides a controllable phase shift of the RF signal.[1][2][3] Phase shifters are used in phased arrays.[4][5][6]
Classification
Active versus passive
Active phase shifters provide gain, while passive phase shifters are lossy.
Loss: the phase shifter attenuates while phase shifting
NF: NF = loss
Reciprocity: reciprocal
Analog versus digital
Analog phase shifters provide a continuously variable phase shift or time delay.[7]
Digital phase shifters provide a discrete set of phase shifts or time delays. Discretization leads to quantization errors. Digital phase shifters require parallel bus control.
Differential, single-ended or waveguide:
Differentialtransmission line: A differential transmission line is a balanced two-conductor transmission line in which the phase difference between currents is 180 degrees. The differential mode is less susceptible to common mode noise and cross talk.
Single-ended transmission line: A single-ended transmission line is a two-conductor transmission line in which one conductor is referenced to a common ground, the second conductor. The single-ended mode is more susceptible to common-mode noise and cross talk.