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Ipswich (UK Parliament constituency)

Ipswich (/ˈɪpswɪtʃ/ ⓘ) is a constituency[n 1] represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since July 2024 by Jack Abbott of the Labour Party.[n 2]

History

The constituency was created as Parliamentary Borough in the fourteenth century, returning two MPs to the House of Commons of England until 1707, then to the House of Commons of Great Britain until 1800, and from 1801 to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. The constituency's parliamentary representation was reduced to a single seat with one MP under the Representation of the People Act 1918. Prior to the 1983 general election, when north-western areas were transferred to the Central Suffolk constituency, the Parliamentary and Municipal/County Boroughs were the same

Before the Reform Act 1832, the franchise in Ipswich was in the hands of the Ipswich Corporation and the Freemen. Ipswich was seen as a partisan seat with active Blue (Tory inclined) and Yellow (Whig inclined) factions dominating elections for both Parliament and the corporation and comparatively rare split tickets of one Whig and one Tory being returned to Parliament, although the identification of the local parties with national parties could at times be very blurred.[2] In the mid eighteenth century the constituency had an electorate of around 700, which was a middle sized borough by the standards of the time - and a reputation of a borough that was likely to offer stiff opposition to government favoured candidates.[3]

Ipswich is a marginal seat, having changed hands ten times since its creation as a single-member constituency in 1918. It has generally been favourable to candidates from the Labour Party, being won by Labour at every postwar general election since the end of World War II; except 1970, February 1974, 1987, 2010, 2015 and 2019. Despite this, it was traditionally won by the party by fairly small margins; however, from 1997 until being gained by the Conservative Party in 2010, Labour won the contests with safer margins, and after the Conservatives increased their majority in 2015, Labour regained the seat in 2017 only to lose it again in 2019 when the Conservative candidate got more than half the votes cast when there were more than two candidates for the first time since 1918.

Ipswich was the only seat won by a Labour candidate at the 2017 general election from a total of seven seats in Suffolk, the others being retained by Conservatives and more rural in comparison to Ipswich. Martin's 2017 election victory was one of thirty net gains made by the Labour Party.

Constituency profile

The constituency includes Ipswich town centre and docks, with its mix of historic buildings and modern developments. Ipswich is a bustling town that serves as a centre for the rest of Suffolk which is predominantly rural and remote, and has the only serious concentration of Labour voters in the county, other than in Lowestoft.

Portman Road Football Ground to the West of the centre, and the new university to the East are both in the seat, as is the vast Chantry council estate to the South.

Ipswich's Conservative-leaning suburbs, such as Castle Hill, Westerfield and Kesgrave, extend beyond the constituency's boundaries – the northernmost wards are in the Suffolk Central constituency, and several strong Conservative areas are just outside the borough's tightly drawn limits, making Ipswich a target seat for Labour.

Boundaries and boundary changes

1918–1983

1983–2010

The Broomhill, Castle Hill, White House and Whitton wards were transferred to the new county constituency of Central Suffolk (Central Suffolk and North Ipswich from 1997).

2010–present

Following a revision of the Borough of Ipswich wards, the constituency gained a small area from Central Suffolk and North Ipswich.

Further to the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, which came into effect for the 2024 general election, the composition of the constituency was unchanged.[8]

The present-day constituency consists of most of the Borough of Ipswich, with the exception of the Castle Hill, Whitehouse and Whitton wards.

Members of Parliament

Freemen belonging to the Ipswich Corporation were entitled to elect two burgesses to the Parliament of England from the fourteenth century which continued uninterrupted after the parliament united with Scotland and Ireland, only becoming a single member constituency in 1918.

MPs 1386–1660

MPs 1660–1832

MPs 1832–1918

During the period between 1835 and 1842 there were five elections and all were found to have been corrupt. After the 1835 election, Dundas and Kelly were unseated on the charge of bribery. After the 1837 election, Tufnell was unseated on a scrutiny. Gibson, who was elected in 1838, resigned. Cochrane was elected in 1839, after which a petition was presented complaining of gross bribery – it was not progressed because a general election was expected. After the 1841 election, Wason and Rennie were unseated, being declared guilty of bribery by their agents.[30]

MPs 1918–present

Elections

Elections in the 2020s

Constituency boundaries stayed the same as previously in the 2023 boundary review.

Elections in the 2010s

Elections in the 2000s

Following the death of Jamie Cann on 15 October 2001, a by-election was held on 22 November 2001.

Elections in the 1990s

Elections in the 1980s

Elections in the 1970s

Elections in the 1960s

Elections in the 1950s

Election in the 1940s

Elections in the 1930s

Elections in the 1920s

Elections in the 1910s

General election 1914/15:

Another general election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;

John Ganzoni

[47]

Goddard
Liberal Election Postcard

Elections in the 1900s

Felix Cobbold

Elections in the 1890s

Elections in the 1880s

Elections in the 1870s

Elections in the 1860s

Elections in the 1850s

Elections in the 1840s

Elections in the 1830s

Elections in the 1820s

Elections in the 1810s

Elections in the 1800s

Elections in the 1790s

Elections in the 1780s

Elections in the 1770s

Elections in the 1760s

Elections in the 1750s

Elections in the 1740s

Elections in the 1730s

Elections in the 1720s

Elections in the 1710s

Elections in the 1700s

Elections in the 1690s

Elections in the 1680s

See also

Notes

  1. ^ A borough constituency (for the purposes of election expenses and type of returning officer).
  2. ^ As with all constituencies, the constituency elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election at least every five years.

References

  1. ^ "The 2023 Review of Parliamentary Constituency Boundaries in England – Volume two: Constituency names, designations and composition – Eastern". Boundary Commission for England. Retrieved 26 June 2024.
  2. ^ Winifred Stokes / R. G. Thorne (1986). "Ipswich". In Thorne, R. G. (ed.). The House of Commons 1790–1820. The History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 25 November 2022.
  3. ^ Page 82,Lewis Namier, The Structure of Politics at the Accession of George III (2nd edition - London: St Martin's Press, 1957)
  4. ^ S., Craig, Fred W. (1972). Boundaries of parliamentary constituencies 1885-1972;. Chichester: Political Reference Publications. ISBN 0900178094. OCLC 539011.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ "The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 1983". www.legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  6. ^ "The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 1995". www.legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  7. ^ "The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 2007". www.legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  8. ^ "The Parliamentary Constituencies Order 2023". Schedule I Part 2 Eastern region.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Clark, Linda; Rawcliffe, Carole; Roskell, J. S., eds. (1993). "Ipswich". The House of Commons 1386–1421. The History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
  10. ^ a b John, Blatchly (2003). A Famous Antient Seed-plot of Learning: A History of Ipswich School. Ipswich: Ipswich School. ISBN 0 9544915 0 5.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Bindoff, S. T., ed. (1982). "Ipswich". The House of Commons 1509–1558. The History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Hasler, P. W., ed. (1981). "Ipswich". The House of Commons 1558–1603. The History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
  13. ^ a b c d e f John P Ferris (2010). "Ipswich". In Ferris, John P.; Thrush, Andrew (eds.). The House of Commons 1604–1629. The History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
  14. ^ a b c d e Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "I"
  15. ^ a b Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Vernon, Edward" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp Stooks Smith, Henry (1845). The Parliaments of England, from 1st George I., to the Present Time. Vol II: Oxfordshire to Wales Inclusive. London: Simpkin, Marshall, & Co. pp. 58–61.
  17. ^ Margaret Escott (2009). "BARRETT LENNARD, Thomas (1788–1856), of Belhus, Aveley, Essex and Hyde Park Terrace, Mdx.". In Fisher, David (ed.). The House of Commons 1820–1832. The History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
  18. ^ David R Fisher (2009). "Maldon". In Fisher, David (ed.). The House of Commons 1820–1832. The History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
  19. ^ Hall, Catherine; Draper, Nicholas; McClelland, Keith; Donington, Katie; Lang, Rachel (2014). "Appendix 4: MPs 1832-80 in the compensation records". Legacies of British Slave-ownership: Colonial Slavery and the Formation of Victorian Britain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 292. ISBN 978-1-107-04005-2.
  20. ^ "Witham". Essex Standard. 6 August 1847. p. 2 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  21. ^ "Essex Elections". Morning Post. 26 December 1832. p. 2 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  22. ^ a b c d "Election Movements". John Bull. 28 June 1841. p. 10 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  23. ^ a b c d "Norfolk Chronicle". 26 June 1841. pp. 2–3 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  24. ^ "Postscript". The Spectator. 9 November 1839. p. 9.
  25. ^ The Spectator, Volume 14. F.C. Westley. 1841. p. 653.
  26. ^ Gash, Norman (2013). Politics in the Age of Peel: A Study in the Technique of Parliamentary Representation, 1830–1850. Faber & Faber. pp. 355, 440. ISBN 9780571302901.
  27. ^ "Ipswich". Leeds Times. 7 August 1847. p. 7 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  28. ^ "Ipswich". The Suffolk Chronicle; or Weekly General Advertiser & County Express. 17 July 1847. p. 1 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  29. ^ "The Elections". Norfolk Chronicle. 31 July 1847. p. 2 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  30. ^ "IPSWICH ELECTION WRIT". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 8 August 1842. Retrieved 17 January 2010. During the last seven years, or little more, there had been five elections for the borough of Ipswich, and those five elections had produced five petitions
  31. ^ "Ipswich Parliamentary constituency". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
  32. ^ "2024 General Election candidates". Co-operative Party. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
  33. ^ "Ipswich Parliamentary constituency". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
  34. ^ "Election 2017: Ipswich". BBC News. 9 June 2017. Archived from the original on 14 June 2017.
  35. ^ "Election Data 2015". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  36. ^ "Election Data 2010". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  37. ^ "Election Data 2005". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  38. ^ "Election Data 2001". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  39. ^ "Election Data 1997". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  40. ^ "Election Data 1992". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  41. ^ "UK General Election results April 1992". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Politics Resources. 9 April 1992. Archived from the original on 8 May 2015. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
  42. ^ "Election Data 1987". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  43. ^ "UK General Election results June 1987". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Politics Resources. 11 June 1987. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 19 December 2012.
  44. ^ "Election Data 1983". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  45. ^ a b c d Craig, F. W. S. (1983). British parliamentary election results 1918–1949 (3 ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. ISBN 0-900178-06-X.
  46. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1974). British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885-1918. London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 9781349022984.
  47. ^ Craig, F. W. S., British parliamentary election results 1885–1918
  48. ^ a b Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1916
  49. ^ "The General Election". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 2 July 1886. pp. 5–6 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  50. ^ "Three Months for Receiving an Election Bribe". Dundee Evening Telegraph. 10 May 1886. p. 3 – via British Newspaper Archive.; see also report in Hansard
  51. ^ "Adoption of Mr. E. M. Ind As A Candidate for Ipswich". Chelmsford Chronicle. 16 May 1884. p. 5 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  52. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (e-book) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3.
  53. ^ "Ipswich". Bury and Norwich Post. 15 November 1864. p. 5 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  54. ^ "Ipswich". Suffolk and Essex Free Press. 5 May 1859. p. 3 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  55. ^ "Ipswich". Cheltenham Mercury. 21 March 1857. pp. 2–3 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  56. ^ "Ipswich". Essex Standard. 9 July 1852. p. 2 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  57. ^ "General Elections". Berkshire Chronicle. 29 July 1837. p. 1 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  58. ^ "Domestic Intelligence". Dundee, Perth, and Cupar Advertiser. 21 March 1848. p. 1 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  59. ^ "Ipswich". Exeter and Plymouth Gazette. 10 July 1852. pp. 4, 7 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  60. ^ "The General Election". Norfolk Chronicle. 10 July 1852. p. 2 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  61. ^ "Miscellaneous News". Cambridge Independent Press. 6 August 1842. p. 4 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  62. ^ "The Suffolk Chronicle; or Weekly General Advertiser & County Express". 4 June 1842. pp. 3–4 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  63. ^ "Election Committee". Belfast Commercial Chronicle. 27 April 1842. p. 2 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  64. ^ a b Margaret Escott (2009). "Ipswich". In Fisher, David (ed.). The House of Commons 1820–1832. The History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
  65. ^ a b c John Brooke (1964). "Ipswich". In Namier, Sir Lewis; Brooke, John (eds.). The House of Commons 1754–1790. The History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 23 November 2022.
  66. ^ Sir Lewis Namier (1964). "VERNON, Edward (1684-1757), of Nacton, nr. Ipswich, Suff.". In Namier, Sir Lewis; Brooke, John (eds.). The House of Commons 1754–1790. The History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 23 November 2022.
  67. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Romney Sedgwick (1970). "Ipswich". In Sedgwick, Romney (ed.). The House of Commons 1715–1754. The History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 23 November 2022.
  68. ^ "Churchill, William (c.1657-1737), of Dallinghoo, Suff.". History of Parliament Online (1715-1754). Retrieved 2 September 2018.
  69. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l D. W. Hayton (2002). "Ipswich". In Hayton, David; Cruickshanks, Eveline; Handley, Stuart (eds.). The House of Commons 1690–1715. The History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
  70. ^ a b Paula Watson (1983). "Ipswich". In Henning, B. D. (ed.). The House of Commons 1660–1690. The History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 24 November 2022.

External links

52°04′N 1°10′E / 52.06°N 1.16°E / 52.06; 1.16