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Президентская награда (США)

Президентская награда подразделения ( PUC ), первоначально называвшаяся наградой Distinguished Unit Citation , вручается подразделениям униформы Соединенных Штатов и стран-союзников за исключительный героизм в бою против вооруженного врага 7 декабря 1941 года или позже (дата нападения на Перл-Харбор и начала участия Америки во Второй мировой войне ). Подразделение должно продемонстрировать такую ​​храбрость, решимость и корпоративный дух при выполнении своей миссии в чрезвычайно трудных и опасных условиях, чтобы выделиться среди других подразделений, участвующих в той же кампании.

С момента своего учреждения президентом Франклином Д. Рузвельтом с подписанием указа 9075 от 26 февраля 1942 года, имеющего обратную силу с 7 декабря 1941 года, по 2008 год Президентская награда вручалась в таких конфликтах, как Вторая мировая война, Корейская война , Вьетнамская война , война в Ираке и война в Афганистане .

Коллективная степень доблести (боевого героизма) против вооруженного врага подразделением, номинированным на PUC, такая же, как и та, которая оправдывает награждение индивидуальной наградой Креста за выдающиеся заслуги , Креста ВВС или Военно-морского креста . В некоторых случаях один или несколько человек в подразделении могли также быть награждены индивидуальными наградами за их вклад в действия, за которые все их подразделение было награждено Президентской грамотой подразделения. Подразделениями с наибольшим количеством Президентских грамот подразделения являются подводная лодка USS  Parche  (SSN-683) и 1-я дивизия морской пехоты , обе с девятью грамотами. [6]

Создание и официальный формат

Армия, Военно-воздушные силы и Космические силы

Армейская награда была учреждена указом президента 9075 от 26 февраля 1942 года, замененным указом президента 9396 от 2 декабря 1943 года, который санкционировал награду «За выдающиеся заслуги в бою» . [7] [8] Как и в случае с другими наградами армейских подразделений, PUC находится в большей рамке, чем другие ленты, и носится над правым карманом. Все члены подразделения могут носить награду, независимо от того, участвовали ли они лично в действиях, за которые подразделение было отмечено; только те члены, которые были назначены в подразделение во время отмеченного действия, могут носить награду как постоянную награду. Для армии, военно-воздушных сил и космических сил эмблема представляет собой сплошную синюю ленту, заключенную в золотую рамку .

Награда PUC Воздушных и космических сил была принята из награды «За выдающиеся заслуги» Армии после того, как ВВС стали отдельным родом войск в 1947 году. Указом президента 10694 от 10 января 1957 года Министерство ВВС переименовало награду «За выдающиеся заслуги» в «За выдающиеся заслуги» Президентской награды. [9] Награда PUC Воздушных и космических сил имеет тот же цвет и дизайн, что и армейская награда PUC, но немного меньше, так что ее можно носить вместе с другими лентами ВВС и Космических сил на левом кармане после личных наград. Как и в армии, все члены получающего подразделения могут носить награду, пока они приписаны к нему, но только те, кто был приписан к подразделению во время упомянутого действия, могут носить награду как постоянную награду; или если какой-либо член получающего подразделения имел ее на своем последнем месте службы перед увольнением или выходом на пенсию, они могут продолжать носить награду, как предписано.

Благодарность размещается на флаге получающего подразделения в виде синей ленты длиной 4 фута (1,2 м) и шириной 2,75 дюйма (7,0 см). В армии только в редких случаях подразделение, большее, чем батальон, может претендовать на эту награду. [8]

Вымпел и лента Президентского подразделения ВМС, врученные в 1944 году оперативной группе 22.3 .

Военно-морской флот и корпус морской пехоты

Награды «за выдающиеся боевые заслуги в подразделениях Военно-морского флота и Корпуса морской пехоты» были учреждены Указом президента № 9050 от 6 февраля 1942 года.

Версия ВМС имеет темно-синие, желтые и красные горизонтальные полосы и является единственной лентой ВМС с горизонтальными полосами. [10] Чтобы различать две версии Президентской грамоты подразделения, версия ВМС, которая чаще упоминается просто как Президентская грамота подразделения, упоминается как Президентская грамота подразделения ВМС, а иногда как «Президентская грамота подразделения ВМС и Корпуса морской пехоты». Ленту носят только те военнослужащие ВМС и Корпуса морской пехоты, которые были назначены в подразделение на «период награждения» награды. В армии те, кто присоединяется к подразделению после «периода награждения», также могут носить ее во время назначения в подразделение. ALNan 137–43 гласит, что первая награда имеет синюю эмалированную звезду на ленте и дополнительные звезды для последующих наград. [11] [12] В 1945 году секретарь ВМС написал Iwo Jima PUC без строки «и все те, кто прикреплен или служит с». В 1949 году награда была изменена: первая награда была лишена звезды, а последующие награды получили бронзовые звезды.

Специальные застежки

УССНаутилус(SSN-571)

В ознаменование первого подводного плавания под Северным полюсом атомной подводной лодки USS  Nautilus  (SSN-571) в 1958 году всем членам ее экипажа, совершившим это плавание, было разрешено носить ленту Президентской награды со специальной застежкой в ​​виде золотой печатной буквы N. [13] Морякам ВМС США, приписанным к мемориалу USS Nautilus в Музее подводных сил в Гротоне, штат Коннектикут , разрешено носить Президентскую награду ВМС с эмблемой «N» во время службы там.

С 2014 года такой же знак отличия может быть присужден за медаль «За службу в операциях по ядерному сдерживанию» тем сотрудникам, которые работают в непосредственной поддержке операций МБР и служат 179 дней подряд, направляясь на ракетный комплекс. [14]

УССТритон(ССРН-586)

В ознаменование первого кругосветного плавания под водой атомной подводной лодки «Тритон» во время ее пробного плавания в 1960 году всем членам ее экипажа, совершившим это плавание, было разрешено носить ленту Президентской благодарности со специальной застежкой в ​​виде золотой копии земного шара. [15]

Береговая охрана

Подразделениям Береговой охраны США может быть вручена Президентская благодарность либо Военно-морского флота, либо Береговой охраны, в зависимости от того, какую службу поддерживала Береговая охрана на момент вручения благодарности.

Текущая награда известна как «Благодарность Президентского подразделения Министерства внутренней безопасности». Первоначальная Благодарность Президентского подразделения Береговой охраны была учреждена в соответствии с Указом президента 10694 (подписанным президентом Дуайтом Д. Эйзенхауэром 10 января 1957 года) и изменена Разделом 74 Указа президента 13286 (подписанным президентом Джорджем Бушем- младшим 28 февраля 2003 года) о передаче награды USCG PUC министру внутренней безопасности.

Специальная застежка

Версия награды Береговой охраны была вручена всему персоналу Береговой охраны США и вспомогательным подразделениям Береговой охраны президентом Джорджем Бушем-младшим за спасательные операции и операции по оказанию помощи в ответ на ураган Катрина с 29 августа 2005 года по 13 сентября 2005 года. Все, кто получил награду за реагирование на ураган Катрина, имеют право носить ленту Президентского подразделения Citation со специальной застежкой в ​​форме международно признанного символа урагана. [16]

Корпус уполномоченных службы общественного здравоохранения США

Президентская награда Службы общественного здравоохранения США была учреждена в 2015 году. Дизайн был окончательно утвержден Институтом геральдики армии США 17 августа 2015 года. [17] 24 сентября 2015 года президент Барак Обама вручил Президентскую награду офицерам Корпуса уполномоченных Службы общественного здравоохранения США за эпидемию Эболы 2013–2016 годов в Западной Африке и Соединенных Штатах. [18] 19 января 2021 года президент Дональд Трамп вручил награду всем офицерам Корпуса уполномоченных, служившим с 2020 по 2021 год, за их выдающееся исполнение обязанностей во время пандемии COVID-19 . [19] [ необходим неосновной источник ] Вокруг ленты Президентской награды помещена золотая рамка, указывающая на вторую награду. [20]

Получатели

Вторая мировая война

Армия


Военно-воздушные силы

Marine Corps

Korean War

Air Force

Marine Corps

Army

United Nations Forces

Cold War

Vietnam War

Persian Gulf War

Global War on Terrorism

Iraq War

Other actions

U.S. and Non-U.S. Unit recipients

For a full list of non-U.S. units receiving Distinguished Unit Citations and later the renamed Presidential Unit Citation see Non-U.S. recipients of U.S. gallantry awards#Unit citations

World War II

A reconnaissance and intelligence unit (1st Bn.) of the 394th Infantry Regiment, on the 16th December 1944 at Losheimergraben, found itself in a situation which turned into a decisive battle with an overwhelming German Paratrooper Bn. Almost 40 years later their heroic fight was awarded with the Presidential Unit Citation Order No. 26 in 1981.[84] The memorial plaque is mounted on a stone at the N626 at the Losheimergraben crossroads.

Memorial plaque for Presidential Unit Citation near Losheimergraben

Erected in honor of the 1st Bn., 394th Infantry Regiment and attached units of the 99th Division, whose valor and heroic action at this location on Dec. 16th, 1944, was recognized by award of the Presidential Unit Citation No. 26[84]

Says Captain John Della-Giustina, "For their exploits, the I&R Platoon, 394th Infantry Regiment, 99th Infantry Division, would later become "the most heavily decorated platoon for a single action in World War II."[85]

Two units of the Free French Forces were awarded Presidential Unit Citations during World War II. The first was the 2nd Armored Division, which received the award after the liberation of Strasbourg; the second was the 3rd Foreign Infantry Regiment, which received it in 1946 with the inscription 'Rhine-Bavarian Alps'.

On April 22, 1986, the 1st Fighter Aviation Group of the Força Aérea Brasileira (the Brazilian Air Force) was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation for its actions in the Po Valley region of Italy in World War II. The Brazilians, operating in Italy in support of Allied forces, destroyed in one day (April 22, 1945) over 45 vehicles, strafed pontoon bridges on the River Po (hampering a German retreat) and harassed fixed positions of the German forces. From the citation:[86]

The casualties that they suffered reduced their pilot strength to about one half that of the United States Army Air Force squadrons operating in the same area, but they flew an equal number of sorties as their US counterparts ... Eleven missions of 44 sorties were flown destroying nine motor transports and damaging 17. Additionally, they destroyed the facilities of a motor pool, immobilized 35 horse vehicles, damaged a road bridge and a pontoon bridge, destroyed 14 and damaged three enemy-occupied buildings, and attacked four military positions and inflicted much other damage.[citation needed]

Korean War

The 1st Battalion, Gloucestershire Regiment and Troop C, 170th Independent Mortar Battery RA of the British Army were both awarded US Presidential Unit Citations for their defense of Hill 235 while surrounded by Chinese forces during the Battle of the Imjin River also known by the US as the Battle of Solmari. The 2nd Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry and 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment were awarded the citation for their actions during the Battle of Kapyong, shortly afterwards.

One Belgian-Luxembourgian battalion of the Belgian United Nations Command (now the 3rd Parachute Regiment,) was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation once for actions during the Battle of the Imjin River.

The Colombia Battalion received the citation while attached to the American 21st Infantry Regiment in 1951.[87]

One Dutch unit, the Netherlands Detachment United Nations, part of the Regiment Van Heutsz, was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation twice for actions during the Korean War. The first citation was awarded after the battle near Wonju and Hoengson in February 1951. The unit was awarded a second time for its bravery during the Soyang River Battle in May–June 1951.

President Harry Truman signed a Distinguished Unit Citation (now the Presidential Unit Citation) on July 11, 1951, for the Turkish Brigade's acts of heroism. It reads: "The Turkish Brigade, a member of the United Nations Forces in Korea is cited for exceptionally outstanding performance of duty in combat in the area of Kumyangjang-ni, Korea, from 25 to 27 January 1951."

The Greek Expeditionary Force (Korea), Sparta Battalion, received its first US Presidential Unit Citation in February 1952 for the capture of Scotch Hill. It was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation for the second time for their actions in the defense of Outpost Harry while vastly outnumbered by Chinese forces, June 18, 1953. The 13th Flight of the Royal Hellenic Air Force received a US Presidential Unit Citation for its participation in the evacuation of US Marines at Hagaru-ri in December 1950.

The French battalion of the UN forces in Korea, attached to the 23rd Infantry Regiment, US 2nd Infantry Division ("Indian Head"), received 3 Distinguished Unit Citations in 1951 : on February 20, July 11 (actions in Chipyong-Ni) and August 9 (as part of the 2nd Infantry Division).

The 2 Squadron SAAF of South Africa was awarded the honor, which was presented in August 1956.[88]

41 Commando Royal Marines was awarded the US Navy and Marine Corps PUC for its actions at the Chosin Reservoir while attached to the 1st Marine Division.

The 17th Bombardment Group was awarded the Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation for the period May 24, 1952 – March 31, 1953 and Distinguished Unit Citation for actions December 1, 1952 – April 30, 1953.[89][90]

Vietnam War

President Lyndon B. Johnson awarded a Presidential Unit Citation to 1st Brigade 101st Airborne June 2–22 during Operation Hawthorne Dak To Province elements of 327th Tiger Force & Attached Recon of A troop 17th Cavalry also were awarded a Vietnam Presidential Unit Citation from South Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyễn Cao Kỳ for extraordinary heroism; the 2nd 327 also received a second Presidential citation from President Johnson at the Battle of Tou Mourong in 1966.

A Presidential Unit Citation was awarded to D Company, 6th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment, on 28 May 1968, for the units actions during the Battle of Long Tan on 18 August 1966.

In 1968 The Presidential Unit Citation was awarded to units of the 3rd Brigade of the 4th Infantry Division (2/12th Inf, 3/22nd Inf,2/22nd Mech Inf, 2/77th Artillery and Brigade Command unit at the battle site) for their participation in the Battle of Suoi Tre. In addition elements of the 2/34th Armor were also awarded the PUC for their participation in that battle. That battle would have the distinction of killing more of the enemy in a one-day battle of the entire war. 647 dead enemy soldiers were recovered from the battle site at the conclusion of the battle. See PUC General Orders 59, dated 21 October 1968

In 1968, the Presidential Unit Citation was awarded to the 3d Marine Division (Reinforced) "for extraordinary heroism and outstanding performance of duty" ... "from 8 March 1965 to 15 September 1967." See MCBul 1650 for included units list.

In 1969, the Presidential Unit Citation was awarded to USS Harnett County (LST-821) by President Richard Nixon, for Extraordinary Heroism during the period 12 December 1968 to 30 April 1969 supporting Operation Giant Slingshot on the Vam Co Dong River. <Award Citation>

In 2012, the Presidential Unit Citation was awarded to the 4th contingent, CDT3 [Clearance Diving Team 3], Royal Australian Navy for service during the Vietnam War in 1968/69.

In 1977, the Presidential Unit Citation was presented to New Zealand's 161 Battery in 1977 for service during the Vietnam War in 1965–66.[91][92]

In 1971, the Presidential Unit Citation was awarded to the 3d Armored Cavalry Squadron, Army of the Republic of Vietnam and attached U.S. Advisor/Liaison Personnel for extraordinary heroism during the period 1 January 1968 to 30 September 1968 in actions in Pleiku and Binh Dinh Provinces. (DA General Order No. 24, 27 April 1971.)[59]

In 2001, the Presidential Unit Citation was awarded to the Republic of Vietnam Air Force 219th Helicopter Squadron (South Vietnam), Danang, Republic of Vietnam while assigned or attached to MACV-SOG for extraordinary heroism, great combat achievement and unwavering fidelity while executing unheralded top secret missions deep behind enemy lines across Southeast Asia during the period 24 January 1964 to 30 April 1972. (DA General Order No. 25, 8 June 2001.)[60]

In 1966, the Presidential Unit Citation was awarded to the 514th Tactical Fighter Squadron of the Republic of Vietnam Air Force for extraordinary heroism and outstanding performance of duty in combat against an armed enemy of the Republic of Vietnam throughout the period 1 January 1964 to 28 February 1965.

In 1968 and 1970 the Air Force's 56 Special Operations Wing (56 SOW) was awarded two Presidential Unit Citations for extraordinary heroism and outstanding performance of duty while conducting Search and Rescue (SAR) operations in North Vietnam and Laos as well as strike, interdiction and Forward Air Control (FAC) operations against hostile forces.[citation needed]

Units of the Army, 3rd battalion, 16th Artillery were awarded the presidential unit citation for actions during the January, 1968 Tet offensive in Vietnam. They provided sustained artillery fire under severe conditions that protected their own troops and prevented the attacking forces of North Vietnam and the Viet Cong from retreating. The support they provided lasted for 72 hours, during which time the troops had no sleep and no time to eat. Some units of the 16th artillery received sniper and mortar fire but continued supporting troops in spite of the risks involved.

In 1973 the PUC was awarded to Carrier Air Wing Nine and USS Constellation for extrarodinary heroism. On May 10, 1972, VF-92 and VF-96 shot down 7 Migs tying the single day record of any air unit. Wing pilots received 5 Navy Crosses, and 24 Silver Stars.[93]

Operation Enduring Freedom

On December 7, 2004, the Combined Joint Special Operations Task Force-South, known as Task Force K-Bar, a special collection of U.S. and international special forces units, was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation. This award, for service between 17 October 2001 and 30 March 2002, was very unusual in that it was made to multiple international units fighting in the War in Afghanistan.[94]

The following units were recognized:

In the Presidential Unit Citation for Task Force K-BAR, Major General W. Semianiw, Chief Military Personnel For the Chief of the Defense Staff, stated:

Operating first from Oman and then from forward locations throughout the southern and eastern regions of Afghanistan, successfully executed its primary mission to conduct special operations in support of the United States' efforts to destroy, degrade, and neutralize the Taliban and Al-Qaeda leadership and military. During its six-month existence, this Task Force was the driving force behind extremely high-risk missions and unconventional warfare operations in Afghanistan. The sailors, soldiers, airmen, marines and coalition partners of CJSOTF-South established benchmark standards of professionalism, tenacity, courage, tactical brilliance, and operational excellence while demonstrating superb esprit de corps and maintaining the highest measures of combat readiness. By their outstanding courage, resourcefulness and aggressive fighting spirit in combat against a well-equipped, well-trained, and treacherous terrorist enemy, the officers and enlisted personnel of CJSOTF-South/Task-Force K-BAR reflected great credit upon themselves and upheld the highest traditions of the United States Armed Forces.[95]

— cquote

In 2012, the Navy and Marine Corps Presidential Unit Citation was awarded and presented at the U.S. Embassy in Canberra to two members of the Australian Army for service as embedded members of the Marine Expeditionary Brigade-Afghanistan for outstanding performance in action against enemy forces from 29 May 2009 to 12 April 2010, in support of Operation Enduring Freedom.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ "Chapter 7 United States Unit Awards" (PDF). Army Regulation 600–8–22. Washington, D.C.: Department of the Army. 2011. p. 80. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 17, 2013. Retrieved January 25, 2012.
  2. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 11, 2018. Retrieved January 10, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 18, 2010. Retrieved January 10, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. ^ "Production publication" (PDF). static.e-publishing.af.mil. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 27, 2018. Retrieved January 10, 2018.
  5. ^ "Data" (PDF). media.defense.gov. 2017.
  6. ^ Tinoko, PO2 Maebel (2007-08-29). "USS Parche Dedicates Sail to Puget Sound Navy Museum NNS070828-19". Navy News Service. Retrieved 2014-06-05.
  7. ^ "Presidential Unit Citation". Air Force Personnel Center. Archived from the original on September 15, 2012. Retrieved September 14, 2012. The Army renamed it with its present name on 3 November 1966.
  8. ^ a b "Army Presidential Unit Citations". The Institute of Heraldry, Office of the Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the Army. Archived from the original on March 14, 2010. Retrieved March 2, 2009.
  9. ^ "Presidential Unit Citation". Air Force Personnel Center. Archived from the original on September 15, 2012. Retrieved September 14, 2012.
  10. ^ US Navy Personnel Command. "Navy Awards Precedence Chart". Millington, TN: US Navy. Retrieved March 3, 2022.
  11. ^ "Navy And Marine Corps Presidential Unit Citation". Medals of America. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
  12. ^ Battalion, United States Navy 6th Construction (August 3, 1949). "Saga of the Sixth: A History, 1942–1945". U.S. Navy Seabee Museum. Retrieved August 3, 2023 – via Google Books.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ "Navy Presidential Unit Citation". amtrac.org. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
  14. ^ "MEMORANDUM FOR AF/A1 SUBJECT: Establishment of a Nuclear Deterrence Operations Service Medal" (PDF). United States Air Force. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 28, 2014. Retrieved June 28, 2014.
  15. ^ "Presidential Unit Citation". garrygray.tripod.com. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
  16. ^ "Presidential Unit Citation" (PDF). U.S. Department of Homeland Security. U.S. Coast Guard. Retrieved April 11, 2012.
  17. ^ "Ribbon, Presidential Unit Citation, USPH". Assistdocs.com. US Department of Defense. Archived from the original on September 30, 2015. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  18. ^ "President Barack Obama speaks in the Oval Office of the White House in Washington, Thursday, Sept. 24, 2015, after signing a citation awarding the Presidential Unit Citation, to the members of the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps who participated in the Ebola containment efforts in West Africa". White House. Archived from the original on January 25, 2017. Retrieved September 24, 2015 – via National Archives.
  19. ^ a b "Presidential Unit Citation". Twitter- Assistant Secretary for Health. January 19, 2021.
  20. ^ "COMMISSIONED CORPS INSTRUCTION 511.01" (PDF). Commissioned Corps Issuance System (CCIS). US Department of Health and Human Services. January 19, 2021. p. 7. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
  21. ^ Hogg, mervin. "3dBn358 – page 1 of 59". 90thdivisionassoc.org. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved April 4, 2015.
  22. ^ National Archives at College Park, Record Group 407 Entry 427 WW II Operation Reports
  23. ^ a b "U.S. Army General Orders 1945 GENERAL ORDERS No. 24 WAR DEPARTMENT 6 April 1945" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 24, 2015. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
  24. ^ a b "U.S. Army General Orders 1945 GENERAL ORDERS #54 WAR DEPARTMENT 12 July 1945" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 24, 2015. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
  25. ^ War Department General Orders Number 44, 6 June 1945
  26. ^ Blakeley, Herbert W., Major General, Retired (May 6, 1943). "The 32d Infantry Division in World War II (General Orders Number 21, War Department)". pp. 130, 131. Archived from the original on January 11, 2009. Retrieved November 14, 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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References

External links

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