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Список несекретных языков Южной Америки

Следующие предполагаемые языки Южной Америки перечислены как неклассифицированные в Campbell (2012), Loukotka (1968), Ethnologue и Glottolog . Почти все вымерли. Вполне вероятно, что многие из них на самом деле не были отдельными языками, а были лишь этническими или региональными названиями.

Кэмпбелл и Грондона (2012)

Кэмпбелл и Грондона (2012: 116–130) перечисляет следующие 395 языков Южной Америки как неклассифицированные. Большинство из них вымерли. [1] Многие из них были взяты из Лукотки (1968) [2] и Аделаара и Муйскена (2004). [3] Большинство из них не указаны в «Этнологе» . Список расположен в алфавитном порядке.

Лукотка (1968)

Лукотка (1968) перечисляет следующие языки Южной Америки как неклассифицированные. Они вымерли, если не указано иное.

Юг Южной Америки и регион Чакос

Дивизии A (Юг) и B (Чако) (Лукотка, 1968: 63):

Central Brazil

Division C (Central Brazil) (Loukotka 1968: 86–87):

Northeast Brazil

Division D (Northeast Brazil) (Loukotka 1968: 92–95):

North Central South America

Tropical North Central South America (Loukotka 1968: 165–168):

South Central South America

Tropical South Central South America (Loukotka 1968: 178–179):

Central South America

Tropical Central South America (Loukotka 1968: 196–198):

Northeast South America

Tropical Northeast South America (Loukotka 1968: 228–230):

Northern Andes

Northern Andean region (Loukotka 1968: 259):

Former Inca Empire region

South Central Andean region (Loukotka 1968: 272–273):

Ethnologue

Ethnologue 26 lists the following languages of South America as unclassified:

However, Glottolog states that Agavotaguerra is not unclassified, but unattested; the only reports are that the Agavotaguerra speak Yawalapiti.

In addition, Ethnologue classifies Aikanã, Uamué and Xukurú, all of Brazil as isolates, but they are too poorly attested to classify.

Additional languages at Glottolog

In addition to many of the languages above, Glottolog lists the following:

Other

Some additional languages have not made in into the lists above.[24]

See also

Brazil

Further reading

References

  1. ^ Campbell, Lyle, and Verónica Grondona (eds). 2012. The indigenous languages of South America: a comprehensive guide. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. [ISBN missing]
  2. ^ Loukotka, Čestmír. 1968. Classification of South American Indian Languages Los Angeles: Latin American Studies Center, UCLA.
  3. ^ Adelaar, Willem F.H., and Pieter C. Muysken. 2004. The Languages of the Andes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [ISBN missing]
  4. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Colima". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  5. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Idabaez". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  6. ^ Isolado do Tanaru [aka Isolado do Buraco] at the Endangered Languages Project.
  7. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Kantarure". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  8. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Muzo". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  9. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Panche". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  10. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Querandi". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  11. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Quillacinga". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  12. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Apoto". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  13. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Fayjatases". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  14. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Envuelto". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  15. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Guachipas". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  16. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Hoxa". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  17. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Pacahuaras-Castillo". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  18. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Pitaguary". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  19. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Quepos". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  20. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Tembey". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  21. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Unainuman". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  22. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Urucucús". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  23. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Yanacona". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  24. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-12-31. Retrieved 2018-12-31.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  25. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "List of unclassified languages of South America". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.