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Vetus Latina manuscripts

Part of the 5th-century Quedlinburg Itala fragment, the oldest surviving Old Testament Vetus Latina manuscript

Vetus Latina manuscripts are handwritten copies of the earliest Latin translations of the Bible (including the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament, the Deuterocanonical books, and the New Testament), known as the "Vetus Latina" or "Old Latin". They originated prior to Jerome from multiple translators, and differ from Vulgate manuscripts which follow the late-4th-century Latin translation mainly done by Jerome.

Vetus Latina and Vulgate manuscripts continued to be copied alongside each other until the Late Middle Ages; many copies of the Bible or parts of it have been found using a mixture of Vetus Latina and Vulgate readings.

Studies

Ziegler (1883) comparing three different Vetus Latina manuscripts (W, L, M) of Exodus 32 with the Septuagint (LXX)

Textual critics such as the Cambridge scholars Alan Brooke, Norman McLean and Henry S. J. Thackeray (1906–1935, 8 volumes) have used the blackletter (𝕷) as a sign (known as a siglum) for categorising Vetus Latina manuscripts.[1][2][3] David L. Everson (2014) used "OL" (an abbreviation of "Old Latin") as siglum instead.[4]

In 1949, the Vetus-Latina-Institut of Beuron Archabbey introduced a new numerical system for Vetus Latina manuscripts, of which there are several hundreds altogether. These Beuron numbers are designed to provide unambiguous identification of witnesses in academic usage, yet they are not used very widely in general literature, as they may cause confusion with the Greek minuscule manuscripts.[5]

The Vetus-Latina-Institut allocated numbers up to 99 to all existing Vetus Latina manuscripts of the New Testament, depending on what parts of NT they include, and how old their text is.[6] The lowest numbers are allocated to the gospels, and to the most complete manuscripts. For example, Codex Sangermanensis (g1) is a witness for the Gospel of Matthew and sparingly in the remaining gospels (Gosp), and four Old Testament Books, and as it is a full manuscript of the Bible is allocated number 7.[6]: +213-214 

From Beuron no. #100 onwards, most Vetus Latina manuscripts are of the Old Testament, the Psalter, and the Apocrypha. There is occasional overlap between them, for example Old Testament glosses found in Spanish Bibles, or when a manuscript contains both Old and New Testament texts.[6]

Old Testament

Unless specified otherwise, details in the below taken from Fitzmyer, Tobit.[7]

Editions

New Testament

Codex Vercellensis

The table below employs the following conventions.

Unless specified otherwise, details taken from Piggin, The Original Beuron Numbers of 1949.[10]

Editions

by editor

For precision, publication data is given in the language of the title page of the edition. To make this information comprehensible to the English language reader, links are provided to English language article titles, where necessary and possible.[citation needed]

When a single editor is responsible for more than one edition, these are listed in alphabetical order of the sigla of the relevant manuscripts. In such cases, if the manuscript is not readily identifiable from the title, its name (siglum and number) are appended after the citation.[citation needed]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Brooke, Alan England; McLean, Norman; Thackeray, Henry St. John (1906). The Old Testament in Greek. Volume I: The Octateuch. Part I: Genesis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. iv. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Brooke, Alan England; McLean, Norman; Thackeray, Henry St. John (1927). The Old Testament in Greek. Volume II: The Later Historical Books. Part I: I and II Samuel. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. iiv. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Brooke, Alan England; McLean, Norman; Thackeray, Henry St. John (1930). The Old Testament in Greek. Volume II: The Later Historical Books. Part II: I and II Kings (PDF). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 11. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
  4. ^ Everson 2014, p. 370.
  5. ^ Aland, Kurt; Aland, Barbara (1995). The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism. Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.). Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 190. ISBN 978-0-8028-4098-1.
  6. ^ a b c d Houghton, Hugh A. G. (2016). The Latin New Testament: A Guide to its Early History, Tests and Manuscripts. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 117–118. ISBN 978-0-19-874473-3.
  7. ^ Fitzmyer, Joseph A. (2013). Tobit. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 7–8. ISBN 9783110907032. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw Fischer, Bonifatius (1951). Vetus Latina: die Reste der altlateinischen Bibel. Genesis, Volumes 2–4. Freiburg: Herder. p. 29. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae Everson 2014, p. 371.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h Piggin, Jean-Baptiste (2019). "The Original Beuron Numbers of 1949 With Links". piggin.net. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
  11. ^ Brooke, McLean & Thackeray 1911, p. v.
  12. ^ Weeks 2004, p. 50–51.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g Weeks 2004, p. 51.
  14. ^ "Vetus Latina: Text Edition | Herder.de". herder.de. Retrieved 16 November 2022.
  15. ^ "DCLP/Trismegistos 67212 = LDAB 8480". papyri.info. Retrieved 10 November 2022. Berlin, Staatsbibliothek Depot Breslau 3 (codex Rehdigeranus); formerly: Wroclaw, Municipal Library Rehdigeranus 169
  16. ^ Biblia de Roda

Sources

Further reading

External links

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