Список пап

Мемориальная доска в память о Папах, похороненных в соборе Святого Петра (их имена на латыни и год их захоронения)

Этот хронологический список пап Католической церкви соответствует тому, что приведен в Annuario Pontificio под заголовком «I Sommi Pontefici Romani» (Римские верховные понтифики), за исключением тех, которые явно указаны как антипапы . Annuario Pontificio , ежегодно публикуемый Римской курией , больше не идентифицирует пап по королевскому номеру, заявляя, что невозможно решить, какой папа представлял законную преемственность в разное время. ^[1] Издание Annuario Pontificio 2001 года внесло «почти 200 исправлений в существующие биографии пап, от Святого Петра до Иоанна Павла II». Исправления касались дат, особенно в первые два столетия, мест рождения и фамилии одного папы. ^[2]

Термин папа ( лат . papa , дословно  «отец») используется в нескольких церквях для обозначения их высших духовных лидеров (например, коптский папа ). Этот титул в английском языке обычно относится к главе католической церкви. Католический папа использует различные титулы по традиции, включая Summus Pontifex , Pontifex Maximus и Servus servorum Dei . Каждый титул был добавлен уникальными историческими событиями и, в отличие от других папских прерогатив, не является неизменяемым. ^[3]

Герман Контрактус, возможно, был первым историком, который непрерывно нумеровал пап. Его список заканчивается в 1049 году, и Лев IX идет под номером 154. В течение XX века в список было внесено несколько изменений. Христофор долгое время считался законным папой, но был исключен из списка из-за того, как он получил папство. Избранный папа Стефан был указан как Стефан II до издания 1961 года, когда его имя было исключено. Решения Пизанского собора (1409) были отменены в 1963 году в ходе переосмысления Западной схизмы , продлив понтификат Григория XII до 1415 года и классифицировав конкурирующих претендентов Александра V и Иоанна XXIII как антипап.

Значительное число этих пап были признаны святыми , включая 48 из первых 50 последовательных пап, а другие находятся в процессе причисления к лику святых. Из первых 31 пап 28 умерли мученической смертью.

Хронологический список пап

1-е тысячелетие

1-й век

Хронология ранних пап является предметом серьезных споров. Первые древние списки пап были написаны только в конце II века, после того, как в Риме уже развился монархический епископат. Эти первые списки объединяли противоречивые традиции, и даже преемственность первых пап оспаривается. Первые определенные даты — 222 и 235 гг. н. э., выборы Урбана I и Либерия . Годы, указанные для первых 30 пап, следуют работе Ричарда Адельберта Липсиуса , которая часто показывает разницу в 3 года с традиционными датами, данными Евсевием Кесарийским . ^[4] Эти же даты использует Католическая энциклопедия . ^[5]

2-й век

3-й век

4 век

5 век

6 век

7 век

8 век

9 век

10 век

2-е тысячелетие

11 век

12 век

13 век

14 век

15 век

16 век

17 век

18 век

19 век

20th century

3rd millennium

21st century

Religious orders

51 popes and 6 antipopes (in italics) have been members of religious orders, including 12 members of third orders. They are listed by order as follows:

Numbering of popes

Regnal numbers follow the usual convention for European monarchs. The first pope who chooses a unique name is not usually identified by an ordinal, John Paul I being the exception. Antipopes are treated as pretenders, and their numbers are reused by those considered to be legitimate popes. However, there are anomalies in the numbering of the popes. Several numbers were mistakenly increased in the Middle Ages because the records were misunderstood. Several antipopes were also kept in the sequence, either by mistake or because they were previously considered to be true popes.^[52]

• Alexander: Antipope Alexander V (1409–1410) was listed in the Annuario Pontificio as a legitimate pope until the 20th century,^[53] when the Pisan popes were reclassified as antipopes. There had already been three more Alexanders by then, so there is now a gap in the numbering sequence.
• Benedict: Antipope Benedict X (1058–1059) was kept in the numbering sequence.^[54]
• Boniface: Antipope Boniface VII (974 and 984–985) was kept in the numbering sequence.^[54]
• Donus: The name has only been used by one pope. The apocryphal Pope Donus II resulted from confusion between the Latin word dominus (lord) and the name Donus.
• Felix: Antipope Felix II (356–357) was kept in the numbering sequence.^[54]
• John: The numbering of the Popes John is particularly confused. In the modern sequence, they are identified by the numbers they used during their reigns.
  • Antipope John XVI (997–998) was kept in the numbering sequence.^[54]
  • Pope John XXI (1276–1277) chose to skip the number XX, believing that there had been another Pope John between XIV and XV. In reality, John XIV had been counted twice.^[55]
  • By the 16th century, the numbering error had been conflated with legends about a female Pope Joan, whom some authors called John VIII. She was never listed in the Annuario Pontificio.^[56]
  • Antipope John XXIII (1410–1415) was listed in the Annuario Pontificio as a legitimate pope until the 20th century.^[53] After the Pisan popes were classified as antipopes, Pope John XXIII (1958–1963) chose to reuse the number, citing "twenty-two [sic] Johns of indisputable legitimacy."^[57]
• Martin: Pope Martin I (649–655) is followed by Martin IV (1281–1285). Due to the similarity between the Latin names Marinus and Martinus, Marinus I and Marinus II were mistakenly considered to be Martin II and III.^[58]
• Stephen: Pope-elect Stephen (752) died before being consecrated. He was previously known as Stephen II, but the Vatican removed him from the official list of popes in 1961.^[55] The remaining Stephens are now numbered Pope Stephen II (752–757) to Pope Stephen IX (1057–1058).

See also

• Annuario Pontificio
• History of the papacy
• Index of Vatican City-related articles
• Legends surrounding the papacy
• Liber Pontificalis
• Papal name
• Papal appointment
• Pope John (numbering)
• Prophecy of the Popes

Lists

• List of canonized popes
• List of popes who died violently
• List of popes by nationality
• List of popes from the Borgia family
• List of popes from the Conti family
• List of popes from the Medici family
• List of popes sorted alphabetically
• List of sexually active popes
• List of Sovereigns of the Vatican City State
• List of popes (graphical)

Notes

1. No longer inhabited; located in the present-day Golan Heights.
2. Now Volterra, Italy.
3. Roman citizenship was recognized to the rest of the Italians by the end of the Social War in 87 BC.
4. Now Athens, Greece.
5. Now Rome, Italy.
6. Now Bethlehem, Palestine.
7. Now Aquileia, Italy.
8. Now Homs, Syria.
9. Nicopolis is now a Roman ruin near the city of Preveza, Greece.
10. It is not clear when Pope Victor I was born, and where he was born, although some^[11] suggest he was born in Leptis Magna, now a part of Libya.

References

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4. Lipsius, Richard Adelbert (1869). Chronologie der römischen Bischöfe bis zur Mitte des vierten Jahrhunderts [Chronology of the Roman bishops until the middle of the fourth century] (in German). Kiel: Schwersche Buchhandlung.
5. The List of Popes. The Catholic Encyclopedia, 1911. The exception is Saint Peter, who is given the traditional death date of AD 67.
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7. Against Heresies 3:3.3
8. Kirsch, Johann Peter (1910). "Pope St. Linus". Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Archived from the original on 9 May 2012. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
9. The fourth pope Archived 8 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine Discussed in the article on Clement I
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17. Deno John Geanakoplos (15 September 1989). Constantinople and the West: essays on the late Byzantine (Palaeologan) and Italian Renaissances and the Byzantine and Roman churches. Univ of Wisconsin Press. pp. 263–. ISBN 978-0-299-11884-6. Archived from the original on 10 March 2024. Retrieved 3 March 2012.
18. "Blessed Eugene III". Archived from the original on 11 July 2015. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
19. For the dates of death of Clement III and the election of Celestine III see Katrin Baaken: Zu Wahl, Weihe und Krönung Papst Cölestins III. Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters Volume 41 / 1985, pp. 203–211
20. Philip Hughes, "Innocent III & the Latin East", History of the Church, vol. 2, p. 371, Sheed & Ward, 1948.
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26. Papal Genealogy: The Families and Descendants of the Popes. McFarland. 2004. ISBN 978-0-7864-2071-1. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
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32. "Pope Gregory XIII (1572–1585)". Archived from the original on 10 August 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
33. John Henry Blunt (1874). "Jansenists". Dictionary of Sects, Heresies, Ecclesiastical Parties, and Schools of Religious Thought. Rivingtons. pp. 234–240. Archived from the original on 10 March 2024. Retrieved 11 August 2012.
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39. Heilbron, John L. (2005). "Censorship of Astronomy in Italy after Galileo". In McMullin, Ernan (ed.). The Church and Galileo. University of Notre Dame Press. p. 299. ISBN 978-0-268-03483-2.
40. "Pope Clement XII (1730–1740)". GCatholic. Archived from the original on 10 August 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
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43. Harrison, especially Conclusion section 2
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47. Brown, Andrew (11 February 2013). "Benedict, the placeholder pope who leaves a battered, weakened church". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 1 March 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
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49. "The 95-year-old Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI passed away at the Vatican's Mater Ecclesiae Monastery". Vatican News. 31 December 2022. Archived from the original on 31 December 2022. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
50. Scarisbrick, Veronica (22 March 2013). "Pope Francis : "Miserando atque eligendo"..." Vatican Radio. The Holy See. Vatican Radio. Archived from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
51. "Pope Francis celebrates first papal mass in Arabian Peninsula". 5 February 2019. Archived from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
52. Louis Duchesne, "Le nombre des papes", in: Miscellanea di storia ecclesiastica e studi ausiliare Archived 10 March 2024 at the Wayback Machine Vol. 2 (Roma: 1903–1904), pp. 3–7.
53. Annuario pontificio per l'anno 1942. Rome. 1942. p. 21. 205. Gregorio XII, Veneto, Correr (c. 1406, cessò a. 1409, m. 1417) – Pont. a. 2, m. 6. g. 4. 206. Alessandro V, dell'Isola di Candia, Filargo (c. 1409, m. 1410). - Pont. m. 10, g. 8. 207. Giovanni XXII o XXIII o XXIV, Napoletano, Cossa (c. 1410, cessò dal pontificare 29 mag. 1415{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
54. Paschal Robinson (1913). "Antipope" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
55. Paschal Robinson (1913). "Chronological Lists of Popes" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
56. Paschal Robinson (1913). "Popess Joan" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
57. "I Choose John ..." Time. 10 November 1958. p. 91. Archived from the original on 24 November 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
58. Paschal Robinson (1913). "Pope Martin IV" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

Sources

• The Early Papacy: To the Synod of Chalcedon in 451, Adrian Fortescue, Ignatius Press, 2008.
• The Oxford Dictionary of Popes, John N.D. Kelly, Oxford University Press, 1986.
• Catholicism, Henri de Lubac, Ignatius Press, 1988.
• Rome and the Eastern Churches, Aidan Nichols, Ignatius Press, 2010.
• I Papi. Venti secoli di storia, Pontificia Amministrazione della Patriarcale Basilica di San Paolo, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2002.
• Rome Sweet Home, Scott Hahn, Ignatius Press, 1993.
• Enciclopedia dei Papi, AA.VV., Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana, 2000.

External links

• Catholic Online: The List of Popes
• Popes & Anti-Popes (2019 archived copy)