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Список парламентов Англии

Это список парламентов Англии со времен правления короля Генриха III , когда Curia Regis превратилась в орган, известный как парламент, до создания парламента Великобритании в 1707 году.

Для более поздних парламентов см. Список парламентов Великобритании . Для истории английского парламента см. Парламент Англии .

Парламенты Англии традиционно именовались по порядковому номеру, начиная с начала правления конкретного монарха, если только парламент не был достаточно известен, чтобы получить особое название, например, Хороший парламент или Парламент Мертона .

Парламенты Генриха III

  1. ^ Председательствующее должностное лицо Палаты общин изначально называлось «пролокьютором», а иногда и « парлором» , но чаще всего использовался термин «спикер», и этот титул стал использоваться всегда с 1540-х годов.
  2. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrst Простолюдины не были вызваны.
  3. ^ В правление короля Джона рыцари приходили вооруженными, чтобы охранять парламент , но баронам и дворянам не разрешалось иметь оружие в окрестностях Вестминстера. Король хотел защиты, но не насилия и не драк. Поэтому люди низшего звания были noblesse oblige на службу королю за рыцарскую плату .
  4. ^ Поуикк считал, что решение Комитета 45 о сборе налога было показателем присутствия парламента. Это мнение основывалось на письме Генриха III от 7 августа в Чичестере епископу Вустера, в котором говорилось об одной двадцатой, оцененной для помощи Святой Земле в предыдущем году. [ необходима цитата ]

Парламенты Эдуарда I

  1. ^ Председательствующее должностное лицо Палаты общин изначально называлось «пролокьютором», а иногда и « парлором» , но чаще всего использовался термин «спикер», и этот титул стал использоваться всегда с 1540-х годов.
  2. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstu vwxyz Простолюдины не были вызваны.
  3. ^ даты созыва парламента весьма тенденциозны: EC, 36-42. Документы, иллюстрирующие кризис 1297-8 годов в Англии , ред. M.Prestwich, CS 4th ser.24(1980). Рукописи Британской библиотеки указывают 10 октября 1297 года как первый день.

Парламенты Эдуарда II

  1. ^ Председательствующее должностное лицо Палаты общин изначально называлось «пролокьютором», а иногда и « парлором» , но чаще всего использовался термин «спикер», и этот титул стал использоваться всегда с 1540-х годов.
  2. ^ abcde Простолюдинов не вызывали.

Парламенты Эдуарда III

  1. ^ Председательствующее должностное лицо Палаты общин изначально называлось «пролокьютором», а иногда и « парлором» , но чаще всего использовался термин «спикер», и этот титул стал использоваться всегда с 1540-х годов.
  2. ↑ Хангерфорд был первым председателем Палаты общин , имевшим титул спикера.

Парламенты Ричарда II

Парламенты Генриха IV

Парламенты Генриха V

Парламенты Генриха VI

  1. ^ a b "Be it as it is asked."

Parliaments of Edward IV

Parliament of Richard III

Parliaments of Henry VII

Parliaments of Henry VIII

Parliaments of Edward VI

Parliaments of Mary I

Parliaments of Elizabeth I

Parliaments of James I

Parliaments of Charles I

The Long Parliament, which commenced in this reign, had the longest term and the most complex history of any English Parliament. The entry in the first table below relates to the whole Parliament. Although it rebelled against King Charles I and continued to exist long after the King's death, it was a Parliament he originally summoned. An attempt has been made to set out the different phases of the Parliament in the second table in this section and in subsequent sections. The phases are explained in a note.

  1. ^ Speakers of the Long Parliament (including times when it sat as the Rump Parliament): Lenthall 3 November 1640 – 26 July 1647; Pelham 30 July 1647 – 5 August 1647; Lenthall 6 August 1647 – 20 April 1653 (restored to the Chair by the Army and sat until Oliver Cromwell dissolved the Rump Parliament) and 26 December 1653 – 13 January 1660 (when the Rump was restored); Say 13 January 1660 – 21 January 1660 and Lenthall 21 January 1660 – 16 March 1660.

The Long Parliament (Royalist phases)

  1. ^ Phase 'a' of the Long Parliament was when it functioned as a conventional Parliament, requiring the assent of King Charles I to legislation. An unusual feature was that a law was enacted providing that this Parliament could not be lawfully dissolved without its own consent. This phase ended when the King raised his standard (22 August 1642) and commenced the English Civil War. The day before this event is the date inserted in the Dissolved column.
  2. ^ Phase 'c' of the Long Parliament was the King's Oxford Parliament. The King was unable to lawfully dissolve the Long Parliament, without its consent, so he summoned the members to meet at Oxford. Royalists and those interested in trying to settle the Civil War by compromise attended the meetings, which were in opposition to the revolutionary body (phase 'b' of the Long Parliament, see below) sitting concurrently at Westminster. The date of the first meeting is given in the Assembled column and of the last sitting in the Dissolved column.

Parliaments of the Revolution and Commonwealth

  1. ^ This was phase 'b' of the Long Parliament, when it functioned as a revolutionary Parliament, after the start of the English Civil War. Parliament assumed the power to legislate by Ordinance, without needing Royal assent. This phase ended with Pride's Purge, which converted the Long Parliament into the Rump Parliament. In 1644 the King summoned the Long Parliament to meet at Oxford. Those members who responded constituted the King's Oxford Parliament (phase c of the Parliament, see the previous section), in opposition to the revolutionary Parliament which continued to sit at the Palace of Westminster. The date in the Assembled column is the day when King Charles I raised his standard and commenced the English Civil War. The date in the Dissolved column is the day before Pride's Purge, when the full Long Parliament last met (until the Purge was reversed on 21 February 1660).
  2. ^ This was phase 'd' of the Long Parliament, known as the Rump Parliament. During this period the Army only permitted selected members to continue to participate. The House of Lords was abolished (6 February 1649) as was the monarchy (7 February 1649). Thereafter the Rump of the House of Commons was the only remaining element of Parliament. It legislated the Commonwealth of England into existence on 19 May 1649. The date of Pride's Purge is given in the Assembled column and the date when Oliver Cromwell dissolved the Rump by force is in the Dissolved column.
  3. ^ The Little or Barebone's Parliament was an appointed body.

Parliaments of the Protectorate

These parliaments included representatives of Scotland and Ireland.

  1. ^ This was phase 'e' of the Long Parliament. The Army restored the Rump Parliament, to liquidate the Protectorate and re-establish the Commonwealth regime.

Parliaments of the Commonwealth

  1. ^ This was phase 'f' of the Long Parliament, with the Rump Parliament running the restored Commonwealth regime.
  2. ^ This was phase 'g' of the Long Parliament. Pride's Purge was reversed and the full Long Parliament made arrangements for a Convention Parliament and then dissolved itself.

Parliaments of Charles II

Parliament of James II

Parliaments of William III and Mary II

Parliaments of Anne

On 29 April 1707, the Parliament of Great Britain was constituted. The members of the 2nd Parliament of Queen Anne became part of the 1st Parliament of Great Britain.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Matthew Paris, Chronica Majora, cited in Powell, J Enoch; et al. (1971), Medieval Parliaments of England
  2. ^ Curia Regis Rolls, vol. xv, London, 1922–1991{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  3. ^ Paris, M., History of England since 1235
  4. ^ Paris, M. (1246), Annales Monastici: Burton Annals, p. 307
  5. ^ Winchester Pipe Rolls first describes this parliamentum.; J Maddicott (2014), pt 2, chap.4.1
  6. ^ Cobbett, W., The Parliamentary Or Constitutional History of England, From the Earliest Times, p. lxvi
  7. ^ Close Rolls, 1247–51, pp.104, 106–107, 109.
  8. ^ habitum est Parliamentum mangnum Londini, M Paris.
  9. ^ tertio Idus Maii, in majori Aula Regia Westmonasterii, sub Praesentia & Assensu Domini H. dei Gratia Regis Angliae., M. Paris
  10. ^ Close Rolls, 153-4, p.243.
  11. ^ c.f Paris, Matthew, De Montfort Archives, vol. v, Bémont, pp. 668–669
  12. ^ Tiberius B.IV and Burton Annals; Calendar of Patent Rolls, 1247–58, p.627, 639, 649, 654–655
  13. ^ Annales Monastici, i, p.443; iii, p.209
  14. ^ Matthew Paris, v, pp.695–697
  15. ^ Burton Annals, pp.443–445
  16. ^ Letter to Alexander II of Scotland, May 1258
  17. ^ Powicke (1966), p. 380.
  18. ^ J Enoch Powell
  19. ^ Select Charters (9th ed.), pp.397–398
  20. ^ Powicke (1966), p. 393.
  21. ^ Annals of Dunstable, Annales monastici, iii, p.210.
  22. ^ Treharne, Baronial Plan, pp. 26–30; Baker, Henry III, p. 257
  23. ^ Coke MS., lost docs, abridged by Selden Society, Richardson & Sayles, p.33.
  24. ^ Reports on the Manuscripts of Lord Middleton, Hist. MSS. Comm., 1911, pp.67–69
  25. ^ Powicke (1966), p. 398.
  26. ^ Coke MS.; Richardson & Sayles, pp.12, 33.
  27. ^ Coke Roll; Calendar Patent Rolls, 1258–1266, p.123. Lord's Reports, iii, pp.19–20. Statutes of the Realm, i, p.10. Annales Monastici, i, pp.474, 482.
  28. ^ Richardson & Sayles, Select Charters
  29. ^ Powicke (1966), p. 401.
  30. ^ Rymer, Thomas, Foedera, vol. 1, p. Book 1, 381
  31. ^ Powicke (1966), p. 399.
  32. ^ Flores Historiarum, II, pp.428–429; Treharne, Baronial Plan, p. 141; Trans. Hist. Society, 4th series, xi, pp.172–173.
  33. ^ Richardson, H.G.; Sayles, G.O. (1981), The English Parliament in the Middle Ages, Bloomsbury, p. 11
  34. ^ Historians have long debated whether the Burton Annals are reliable in Annales Monastici. They claim that the knights, who owed fee in service to the king for their right to attend the Commons, complained that the king had done all asked of him, but the Lords had failed to uphold the Oxford Agreement. The king employed the knights 'of the shires' as sheriffs.
  35. ^ Powicke (1966), p. 409.
  36. ^ Rymer, Thomas, Foedera, vol. 1, pp. Book 1: 398, 404
  37. ^ Powicke (1966), p. 417.
  38. ^ Burton Annals; Annales Monastici, i, p.439-84. Calendar of Patent Rolls, 1258–66, pp.45, 54. Hist. MSS. Commission Report on the Manuscripts of Lord Middleton, pp.67–69.
  39. ^ Treharne, Baronial Plan, pp. 398–406; Close Rolls, 1259–1261, p.144.
  40. ^ B.L., Cotton MS. Julius D.5, fo.35; Gervase of Canterbury, Historical Works, ii, xxii, 217. Close Rolls, 1261–1264, p.162.
  41. ^ Calendar of Papal Letters, i, pp.265, 467.
  42. ^ Calendar of Patent Rolls, 1258–66, pp.271, 277; Calendar of Close Rolls, 1261-1269, pp.308–309.
  43. ^ Close Rolls, 1261-1264, p.312.
  44. ^ Annales Monastici, iii, p.224.
  45. ^ Calendar of Patent Rolls, 1258–1266, pp.280, 271, 277. Calendar of Close Rolls, 1261-1264, pp.308–309.
  46. ^ Rymer, Thomas, Foedera, vol. 1, p. Book 1: 430
  47. ^ Chronica maiorunt et vicecomitum, pp.61–62.
  48. ^ Flores et Historiarum et Annales Londonienses ed. W. Stubbs in Chronicles of the Reign of Edward I and Edward II, vol.1, (1882), p.61.
  49. ^ Powicke (1966), p. 459.
  50. ^ Rymer, Thomas, Foedera, vol. 1, p. Book 1: 442; Calendar of Patent Rolls, 1258–1266, p.360
  51. ^ It became known as a Law of de jure gentium; Close Rolls, 1261-1264, p.389.
  52. ^ Dugdale MS., Bod. lib. no.91, English Historical Review 48 (1933), pp.563–569; EHR 49 (1934), p.93.
  53. ^ Calendar of Papal Letters, i, pp.431–432.
  54. ^ Close Rolls, 1264-1268, p.89
  55. ^ Powicke (1966), p. 488.
  56. ^ Traherne, R.F., ed. (1979). The Documents of the Baronial Movement of Reform and Rebellion. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 301.
  57. ^ Close Rolls, 1264–1268, pp.84–87
  58. ^ Calendar of Charter Rolls, 1259–1300, p.54
  59. ^ Powicke (1966), pp. 488–491.
  60. ^ CPR, 1258–1266, pp.429–34; Maddicott, J.R. (1994), Montfort, Cambridge University Press, pp. 337–338, ISBN 9780521376365; Baker, Henry III, p. 323
  61. ^ Barling's Chronicle in 'The Chronicles of the Reigns of Edward I and Edward II', ed. W.Stubbs, vol.ii, p.cxvi.
  62. ^ The Statutes of the Realm, pp.6–15, Baker, Henry III, p. 337
  63. ^ Powicke (1966), pp. 547–549.
  64. ^ Close Rolls, 1264-1268, pp.334-340.
  65. ^ Powicke (1966), p. 562.
  66. ^ Close Rolls, 1264-1268, p.557.
  67. ^ Calendar of Patent Rolls, 1266–1272, p.384
  68. ^ CPR, 1258–1266,p.365; Baker, Henry III, p. 343
  69. ^ Annales Monastici, iv, 227-8.
  70. ^ The exact dating of this parliament was confused by early historians, who thought it April 1269. See Liber de Antiquis Legibus, p.122; Bishop Giffard's register, fo.105a, p.23. Chronica Majora, pp.122–123.
  71. ^ Maddicott, J.R., The Crusade of Taxation, pp. 93–117
  72. ^ Parliamentary Writs, i, 1, 381; Calendar of Close Rolls, 1272–1279, pp.229, 197–198.
  73. ^ Calendar of Close Rolls, 1272–1279, p.167, 200.
  74. ^ Matthew Paris, English History Documents, iii, pp.411–413.
  75. ^ King's Bench Roll, no.90, m.34d; Sayles, King's Bench, i, pp.140–145.
  76. ^ Epistolae Iohannis Peckham, ii, pp.440–441, 675.
  77. ^ Calendar of Chancery Rolls, p.198.
  78. ^ Powicke (1966), pp. 673–674.
  79. ^ King's Bench Roll, no.49, m.23; Sayles, King's Bench, i, p.50-1
  80. ^ The Statutes of the Realm, London: Eyre & Spottiswood, 1870, vol.1, pp.16, 71.
  81. ^ Calendar of Ancient Proceedings, pp.58–59.
  82. ^ Calendar of Ancient Correspondence, p.88
  83. ^ Powicke (1966), p. 677.
  84. ^ Calendar of Ancient Proceedings,pp.59–62, 90–1.
  85. ^ Calendar of Patent Rolls, 1272–1281, pp.380–381; Rymer, Thomas, Foedera, vol. 2, p. Book 2: 582
  86. ^ Kings Bench Roll, no.60, m.19d; Calendar of Patent Rolls, 1272–1281, p.384.
  87. ^ Calendar of Close Rolls, 1279-1288, p.157.; Calendar of Chancery Rolls, various, 1277-1326, 222, 250-2.
  88. ^ Annales Wigorn, p.489; Statutes of the Realm, i, pp.53–54.
  89. ^ Statutes of the Realm, i, pp.55–68.
  90. ^ The Welsh Assize Roll, p.266
  91. ^ Powicke (1966), p. 663.
  92. ^ Rymer, Thomas, Foedera, vol. 1, pp. Book 2: 742–747
  93. ^ Powicke (1966), p. 733.
  94. ^ Itinerary of Edward I; Rotuli Parliamentorum, i, 45, 66-9
  95. ^ Powicke (1966), p. 735.
  96. ^ Calendar of Ancient Correspondence, p.134
  97. ^ Powicke (1966), p. 679.
  98. ^ Calendar of Chancery Rolls, Various, p.343-5; Select cases in the King's Bench ed. Sayles, iii (Selden Society, 1939), pp.91-92
  99. ^ Powicke (1966), p. 680.
  100. ^ William Rishanger, 'Chronica et Annales', in ed. H.T. Riley in Chronica Monasterii S.Albani, R.S. (1865), ii, 252-3; Powell & Wallis, (1968), 215.
  101. ^ Florence of Worcester, ii, pp.273–274.
  102. ^ 'Annales Wigorn', Annales Monastici , pp.517–518. Florence, ii, p.275.
  103. ^ Stubbs, ed. Select Charters, pp.481–482.
  104. ^ Calendar of Close Rolls, 1298-1296, pp.488–490.
  105. ^ Parliamentary Writs ed.F.Palgrave, Record Commission (1827-34).; J Enoch Powell and Keith Wallis, The House of Lords in the Middle Ages, p.236-7. The writ..."Whereas we have enjoined upon our dear son Edward, our lieutenant in England, certain matters specially touching us and our realm on which we wish to have discussion and debate, we command you....
  106. ^ Powell & Wallis (1968), p.238
  107. ^ Statutes, i, 124.
  108. ^ Parliamentary Writs, i, 62-4; Powell & Wallis, p.238
  109. ^ Registrum Roberti Winchelsey, i, 221-2; Powell & Wallis, p.238.
  110. ^ Guisborough, pp.323-5.; Powell & Wallis, 241.
  111. ^ English Historical Documents, pp.491–494; Guisborough, p.330; The Parliament Rolls of Medieval England, 1275–1504, vol.1, ed. P.brand and C.Given-Wilson (Woodbridge, 2003); Parliamentary Writs and Writs of Military Summons, ed. F.Palgrave, vol.1, (Record Commission, 1827)
  112. ^ Guisborough, p.322; Parliamentary Writs, i, 323-4.; Powell & Wallis, 241.
  113. ^ Statutes of the Realm, i, 136-41.; Rishanger, pp.404-5.; Powell & Wallis, 241.
  114. ^ "it is the custom of the realm of England that in business touching the state of that realm the advice is sought of all whom the thing concerns." Matthew Paris, Flores Historiarum ed. Matthew Parker (Frankfurt, 1601), p.439; Powell & Wallis, p.241.
  115. ^ CCIR, 1296-1302, 370; CPR, 1292-1301, p.538-40.
  116. ^ Parliamentary Writs, i, 104-5; Powell & Wallis, p.243.
  117. ^ Calendar of the Justiciary Rolls, i, p.453-55.
  118. ^ Dignity of the Peerage, iii, 143-9; CPR, 1301-7, 76-77.; Powell & Wallis, 245.
  119. ^ Parliamentary Writs, i, 134-5.
  120. ^ Memoranda, 54-5, 122-3, 126.
  121. ^ Parliamentary and Council Proceedings, E 175/1, m. 20; Parliamentary Writs, i, 159-63.; Powell & Wallis, 247.
  122. ^ Parliamentary Writs, i, 178, 165-6.
  123. ^ Powell & Wallis, 255.
  124. ^ PRO, Close Rolls, C 54/123, m.2d.; Powell & Wallis, 250.
  125. ^ John Davies, The Irish Parliaments cited by Berry, Early Statutes of Ireland, pp.46–177, 245; Curtis, p.169; Powell, Medieval Parliaments ,
  126. ^ Burney MSS, ascription of the document to Henry Lacy, Earl of Lincoln.
  127. ^ Phillips, Seymour (2011). Edward II. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. p. 152.
  128. ^ Maddicott, J.R. (1970). Thomas of Lancaster 1307–1322 : A Study in the Reign of Edward II. London. pp. 97–99. ISBN 978-0-198-21837-1.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  129. ^ The Guisborough Chronicler; Haines, p.73.
  130. ^ The Burlington Chronicler.
  131. ^ Haines, p.75.
  132. ^ Haines, 75-81.
  133. ^ Stubbs, William, ed. (1883). Annales Londoniensis (Chronicles of Edward I and II.). London. pp. 210–215.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  134. ^ Phillips, Seymour (2010). Edward II. Yale University Press.
  135. ^ Flores Historiarum, 173.
  136. ^ Michael Prestwich, Medieval England, 1216–1360, Oxford University Press, 2008, pp.192–194
  137. ^ Tout, Administration of the Constitution of England, pp.245-281.
  138. ^ R.M.Haines, King Edward II: His Reign, His Life, and his aftermath, 1284-1330, McGill, 2003.
  139. ^ Palgrave, F., ed. (1827–1834). Parliamentary Writs and Writs of Military Summons. London: The Record Commission. pp. 259–260.
  140. ^ J. Enoch, Powell; Wallis, Keith (1968). The House of Lords in the Middle Ages. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 308. ISBN 0-297-76105-6.
  141. ^ Pronay and Taylor, Parliamentary Texts of the Later Middle Ages, pp.88–91.
  142. ^ Teste Rege Rolls.
  143. ^ Richardson, H.G.; Sayles, George O. (1981). The English Parliament in the Middle Ages. Vol. 2. London. pp. 233, 290.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  144. ^ G. O. Sayles, vol.1, p.32
  145. ^ Sayles, George O. (1988). The Functions of the Medieval Parliament of England. A& C. Black.
  146. ^ Calendar of Close Rolls, 1330-1333, p.551; Calendar of Patent Rolls, 1330-1334, p.367.
  147. ^ Literae Cantuariensis, I, 441.
  148. ^ R.P., ii, 66-7; CCIR, 1330-3,608; Rymer, Thomas, Foedera, vol. 2, p. Book 2: 845; Powell & Wallis, The House of Lords in the Middle Ages, (London, 1968), 320-1.
  149. ^ CPR, 1330-4, 410; CPR 1334-8, 476.
  150. ^ CCIR, 1333-7, 95.
  151. ^ R.P., iii, 104, 107
  152. ^ R.P., iii, 118.
  153. ^ H.L. Gray, The Influence of the Commons on Early Legislation, pp.40–45.
  154. ^ Dignity of the Peerage,iv, 577-83.
  155. ^ In the Middle French, 'dentrer en parlement...al huse del parlement,' The Anonimalle Chronicle, ed. V.H.Galbraith, Manchester, 1927, pp.79-94.; Chronicon Anglie, pp.68-101.
  156. ^ R.P., iii, 145.
  157. ^ The Anonimalle Chronicle 1333–1381, ed. V.H.Galbraith (1927), pp.79–94.
  158. ^ Rotuli Parliamentorum, iii, pp.89–90.
  159. ^ H.G. Richardson, 'The Commons and Medieval Politics, in Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 4th series.
  160. ^ Jeaffreson, John Cordy (1867). A Book about Lawyers, 2. Hurst and Blackett. p. 93. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  161. ^ St.Albans, Greater Chronicle
  162. ^ Rotuli Parliamentorum ...inediti, ed. H.G. Richardson and G. Sayles (Royal Historical Society, Camden 3rd series, vol.Ii, 1935), pp.608–610.
  163. ^ Chris Given-Wilson, (ed.) Parliamentary Rolls of Medieval England, Woodbridge, 1415, appendix.(2005) Calendar of Patent Rolls, 1413–1416 (1910), p.371.
  164. ^ Rotuli Parliamentorum, iv, p.350.
  165. ^ J.S.Roskell, The Commons and their Speakers, p.271
  166. ^ Rotuli Parliamentorum, vi, pp.41, 198.
  167. ^ "Edward IV: January 1483". Parliament Rolls of Medieval England. British History Online.
  168. ^ "Richard III: Introduction". Parliament Rolls of Medieval England. British History Online.
  169. ^ Calendar of State Papers and Manuscripts Relating to English Affairs Existing in the Archives and Collections of Venice, and in Other Libraries of Northern Italy, section 679. Vol. 3. Longmans, Green, Reader and Dyer. 1869. p. 318. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  170. ^ Thrush & Ferris (2010), The Parliament of 1604–1610.
  171. ^ a b c d e f g Thrush & Ferris 2010, Appendix II: Officers of the Commons and Chairmen of standing committees
  172. ^ a b Thrush & Ferris (2010), The Parliament of 1614.
  173. ^ Thrush & Ferris (2010), The Parliament of 1621.
  174. ^ Thrush & Ferris (2010), The Parliament of 1624.
  175. ^ Coke, Littleton & Hargrave (1817), p. ii.
  176. ^ Thrush & Ferris (2010), The Parliament of 1625.
  177. ^ Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. Cassell. 1970. p. 1120.
  178. ^ Thrush & Ferris (2010), The Parliament of 1626.
  179. ^ Thrush & Ferris (2010), The Parliament of 1628–1629.
  180. ^ An Act for removeing and Preventing all Questions and Disputes concerning the Assembling and Sitting of this present Parlyament. 1 W. & M. c. 1.
  181. ^ e.g. A Parliamentary History of England (1809 vol. 5)
  182. ^ 2 Will & Mar, c.1 in Statutes at Large (note: legal year is given here, not historical year).

Sources

Дальнейшее чтение