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Премия «Новичок года» Главной лиги бейсбола

В Главной лиге бейсбола награда «Новичок года» ежегодно вручается двум выдающимся новичкам, по одному за Американскую лигу (AL) и Национальную лигу (NL), по результатам голосования Ассоциации бейсбольных журналистов Америки (BBWAA). Награда была учреждена в 1940 году чикагским отделением BBWAA, которое выбирало ежегодного победителя с 1940 по 1946 год. [1] Награда стала общенациональной в 1947 году; Джеки Робинсон , второй игрок с базы Brooklyn Dodgers , выиграл первую награду. Одна награда была вручена за всю MLB в 1947 и 1948 годах; с 1949 года эта честь присуждается одному игроку в NL и AL. Первоначально награда была известна как Мемориальная премия Дж. Луиса Комиски , названная в честь владельца Chicago White Sox в 1930-х годах. В июле 1987 года награда была переименована в премию Джеки Робинсона [2] , спустя 40 лет после того, как Робинсон нарушил цветовую границу в бейсболе .

Девятнадцать игроков были избраны в Национальный зал славы бейсбола — Робинсон, семь игроков AL и одиннадцать других из NL. Награда была разделена дважды: один раз Бутчем Метцгером и Пэтом Захри из NL в 1976 году; и один раз Джоном Кастино и Альфредо Гриффином из AL в 1979 году. Члены Brooklyn и Los Angeles Dodgers выиграли больше всего наград среди всех франшиз (18), в два раза больше, чем New York Yankees , и члены Philadelphia и Oakland Athletics (восемь), которые произвели больше всего в AL. Фред Линн и Ичиро Сузуки — единственные два игрока, которые были названы Новичком года и Самым ценным игроком в один и тот же год, а Фернандо Валенсуэла — единственный игрок, который выиграл Новичок года и премию Сая Янга в один и тот же год. Сэм Джетро — самый возрастной игрок, завоевавший эту награду, ему 32 года [3] , он на 33 дня старше победителя 2000 года Казухиро Сасаки (также 32). [4] Гуннар Хендерсон из Baltimore Orioles и Корбин Кэрролл из Arizona Diamondbacks — последние победители.

Квалификации и голосование

Мужчина вытягивает руки за головой, на нем бейсбольная перчатка и белая бейсбольная форма с зелеными рукавами и кепкой.
В 1995 году победу одержал Хидео Номо , став первым из нескольких игроков, имеющих опыт профессионального бейсбола, который одержал победу в Nippon Professional Baseball .

С 1947 по 1956 год каждый избиратель BBWAA имел право решать, кого считать новичком. В 1957 году этот термин впервые был определен как тот, кто имел менее 75 выходов на биту или 45 иннингов в любом предыдущем сезоне Высшей лиги. [1] Позднее это правило было изменено на 90 выходов на биту, 45 иннингов или 45 дней в составе Высшей лиги до 1 сентября предыдущего года. [1] Текущий стандарт в 130 выходов на биту, 50 иннингов или 45 дней в активном составе клуба Высшей лиги (исключая время на военной службе или в списке травм ) до 1 сентября был принят в 1971 году. [1] [5]

С 1980 года каждый избиратель называет трех новичков: за первое место дается пять очков, за второе место — три очка, а за третье место — одно очко. Награда достается игроку, набравшему наибольшее количество очков. [1] [6] Эдинсон Волкес получил три голоса за второе место в голосовании 2008 года, несмотря на то, что он больше не является новичком по определению награды. [7] [8]

В последние годы награда подвергалась критике, поскольку ее выиграли несколько игроков с опытом в Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB), например, Хидео Номо в 1995 году, Казухиро Сасаки в 2000 году, Ичиро Судзуки в 2001 году и Сёхэй Отани в 2018 году. Текущее определение статуса новичка для награды основано только на опыте в Высшей лиге, но некоторые считают, что бывшие игроки NPB не являются настоящими новичками из-за их прошлого профессионального опыта. Другие, однако, считают, что это не должно иметь значения, поскольку первый получатель и тезка награды играл за негритянские лиги до своей карьеры в MLB и, таким образом, также не может считаться «настоящим новичком». [9] [10] Эта проблема возникла в 2003 году, когда Хидеки Мацуи едва не проиграл награду AL Анхелю Берроа . Джим Сохан из Minneapolis Star Tribune сказал, что не видел Мацуи новичком в 2003 году, потому что «было бы оскорблением для японской лиги делать вид, что опыт не имеет значения». [9] В 2007 году Japan Times опубликовала статью о том, что Дайсукэ Мацудзака , Кей Игава и Хидеки Окадзима были названы новичками, заявив, что «эти парни не новички». [10] Прошлые победители, такие как Джеки Робинсон, Дон Ньюкомб и Сэм Джетро, ​​имели профессиональный опыт в негритянских лигах .

Победители

Ключ

Мужчина в черной майке и перчатках для отбивания готовится замахнуться бейсбольной битой, которую он держит в руке.
Кэл Рипкен-младший победил в 1982 году и стал одним из 16 членов Зала славы, удостоенных звания «Новичок года».

Высшая лига, объединенная (1947–48)

Победители Американской лиги (1949–настоящее время)

Гуннар Хендерсон , победитель AL 2023 года

Победители Национальной лиги (1949–настоящее время)

Корбин Кэрролл , победитель NL 2023 года

Wins by team

Every MLB franchise has had a Rookie of the Year. The Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers have won more than any other team with 18.

See also

References

General
Inline citations
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