На этой странице представлен список одомашненных животных [ 1], включая также список животных, которые в настоящее время проходят или могут проходить процесс одомашнивания , и животных, которые имеют обширные отношения с людьми, выходящие за рамки простого хищничества. Сюда входят виды, которые являются полуодомашненными, неодомашненными, но выращенными в неволе в коммерческих масштабах или обычно пойманными в дикой природе, по крайней мере иногда выращенными в неволе и приручаемыми . Чтобы считаться полностью одомашненными, большинство видов претерпели значительные генетические , поведенческие и морфологические изменения по сравнению со своими дикими предками, в то время как другие очень мало изменились по сравнению со своими дикими предками, несмотря на сотни или тысячи лет потенциального селективного разведения . Ряд факторов определяют, как быстро могут произойти какие-либо изменения в виде, но не всегда есть желание улучшить вид по сравнению с его дикой формой. Одомашнивание — это постепенный процесс, поэтому в истории данного вида нет точного момента, когда его можно считать полностью одомашненным.
Зооархеология выделяет три класса одомашненных животных:
- Домашние животные ( собаки , кошки , хорьки , хомяки и т. д.)
- Домашний скот ( крупный рогатый скот , овцы , свиньи , козы и т. д.)
- Вьючные животные ( лошади , верблюды , ослы и т. д.) [2]
Домашние животные
Прирученные, частично одомашненные и широко распространенные в неволе животные
Из-за неясных очертаний того, что именно составляет одомашнивание , есть некоторые виды, которые могут быть или не быть полностью одомашнены. Есть также некоторые виды, которые широко используются людьми в коммерческих целях, но не значительно изменены по сравнению с животными дикого типа. Многие животные во второй таблице, по крайней мере, несколько изменены по сравнению с животными дикого типа из-за их обширного взаимодействия с людьми, хотя и не до такой степени, чтобы их считали отдельными формами (поэтому не отмечено никаких отдельных диких предков) или не смогли бы выжить, если бы были повторно введены в дикую природу.
Taxonomical groupings
The categories used in the Taxon group column are:
- 1a: Artiodactyla except Bovidae, 1b: Bovidae, 1c: Carnivora, 1d: Rodentia, 1e: Other mammals
- 2a: Anseriformes, 2b: Galliformes, 2c: Columbiformes, 2d: Passeriformes, 2e: Psittaciformes, 2f: Palaeognathae , 2g: Other birds
- 3a: Serpentes, 3b: Lacertilia, 3c: Testudines, 3d: Other reptiles
- 4a: Anura, 4b: Other amphibians
- 5a: Cyprinidae, 5b: Other fish
- 6a: Hymenoptera, 6b: Other insects, 6c: Other arthropods
- 7a: Mollusca, 7b: Annelida, 7c: Other animals
See also
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{{cite web}}
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