Ear problems (not documented in journals but identified by patients in support groups)
Produces osteosarcoma[8]
The skin is normal at birth. Between 3 and 6 months of age, the affected carrier develops poikiloderma on the cheeks. This characteristic "rash" that all RTS carriers have can develop on the arms, legs and buttocks. "Poikiloderma consists of areas of increased and decreased pigmentation, prominent blood vessels, and thinning of the skin."[9]
Accelerated aging
In humans, individuals with RTS, and carrying the RECQL4 germline mutation, can have several clinical features of accelerated aging. These features include atrophic skin and pigment changes, alopecia, osteopenia, cataracts and an increased incidence of cancer.[10] Also in mice, RECQL4 mutants show features of accelerated aging.[11]
Causes
RTS is caused by a mutation of the RECQL4 gene, located at chromosome8q24.3.[5][12] The disorder is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.[3] This means the defective gene responsible for the disorder is located on an autosome (chromosome 8 is an autosome), and two copies of the defective gene (one inherited from each parent) are required in order to be born with the disorder. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive disorder both carry one copy of the defective gene, but usually do not experience any signs or symptoms of the disorder.[citation needed]
The condition was originally described by August von Rothmund (1830–1906) in 1868.[14]Matthew Sydney Thomson (1894–1969) published further descriptions in 1936.[15]
^James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (10th ed.). Saunders. p. 576. ISBN 978-0-7216-2921-6.
^ a bLarizza, L.; Roversi, G.; Volpi, L. (Jan 2010). "Rothmund-Thomson syndrome". Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases (Free full text). 5: 2. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-5-2. PMC 2826297. PMID 20113479.
^Raza N, Malik QU, Hussain Z (2007). "Rothmund-Thomson syndrome: more than just a cosmetic concern". J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 17 (7): 423–424. PMID 17686357.
^ a bLarizza L, Magnani I, Roversi G (January 2006). "Rothmund–Thomson syndrome and RECQL4 defect: Splitting and lumping". Cancer Letters. 232 (1): 107–120. doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2005.07.042. PMID 16271439.
^Hicks MJ, Roth JR, Kozinetz CA, Wang LL (2007). "Clinicopathologic features of osteosarcoma in patients with Rothmund-Thomson syndrome". J. Clin. Oncol. 25 (4): 370–5. doi:10.1200/JCO.2006.08.4558. PMID 17264332.
^Sangrithi MN, Bernal JA, Madine M, Philpott A, Lee J, Dunphy WG, Venkitaraman AR (Jun 2005). "Initiation of DNA replication requires the RECQL4 protein mutated in Rothmund-Thomson syndrome". Cell. 121 (6): 887–98. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.05.015. PMID 15960976. S2CID 15064074.
^Wang LL, Levy ML, Lewis RA, et al. (2001). "Clinical manifestations in a cohort of 41 Rothmund-Thomson syndrome patients". Am. J. Med. Genet. 102 (1): 11–17. doi:10.1002/1096-8628(20010722)102:1<11::AID-AJMG1413>3.0.CO;2-A. PMID 11471165.
^Understanding RTS pamphlet, RTS Team: Lisa L. Wang (Oncologist), Moise L. Levy (dermatologist), Richard A. Lewis (Ophthalmologist), Sharon E. Plon (Geneticist)
^ a bLu L, Jin W, Wang LL (2017). "Aging in Rothmund-Thomson syndrome and related RECQL4 genetic disorders". Ageing Res. Rev. 33: 30–35. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2016.06.002. PMID 27287744. S2CID 28321025.
^Lu H, Fang EF, Sykora P, Kulikowicz T, Zhang Y, Becker KG, Croteau DL, Bohr VA (2014). "Senescence induced by RECQL4 dysfunction contributes to Rothmund-Thomson syndrome features in mice". Cell Death Dis. 5 (5): e1226. doi:10.1038/cddis.2014.168. PMC 4047874. PMID 24832598.
^Lu H, Shamanna RA, Keijzers G, Anand R, Rasmussen LJ, Cejka P, Croteau DL, Bohr VA (2016). "RECQL4 Promotes DNA End Resection in Repair of DNA Double-Strand Breaks". Cell Rep. 16 (1): 161–73. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2016.05.079. PMC 5576896. PMID 27320928.
^Lu, Linchao; Jin, Weidong; Wang, Lisa L. (2016). "Aging in Rothmund-Thomson syndrome and related RECQL4 genetic disorders". Ageing Research Reviews. 33: 30–35. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2016.06.002. ISSN 1568-1637. PMID 27287744. S2CID 28321025.
^Thomson, MS. (Mar 1936). "Poikiloderma Congenitale: Two Cases for Diagnosis". Proc R Soc Med. 29 (5): 453–5. PMC 2076117. PMID 19990626.
External links
GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome
Poikiloderma of Rothmund-Thomson at NIH's Office of Rare Diseases