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Статус городского округа в Соединенном Королевстве

Статус боро предоставляется королевской хартией местным правительственным округам в Англии , Уэльсе и Северной Ирландии . Статус является чисто почетным и не дает никаких дополнительных полномочий совету или жителям округа. В Шотландии аналогичные хартийные сообщества были известны как королевские бурги , хотя этот статус больше не предоставляется.

Происхождение статуса городского округа

До реформ местного самоуправления 1973 и 1974 годов боро были городами, имеющими уставы инкорпорации, предоставляющие значительные полномочия, и управлялись муниципальной корпорацией во главе с мэром. Корпорации были реформированы законодательством, начиная с 1835 года ( 1840 года в Ирландии ). К моменту их отмены существовало три типа:

Многие из старых боро могли проследить свое происхождение от средневековых уставов или были боро по предписанию, саксонского происхождения. Большинство боро, созданных после 1835 года, были новыми промышленными, курортными или пригородными городами, которые выросли после промышленной революции . Корпорации боро также могли иметь статус города .

Для районов до 1974 года см. Закон о муниципальных корпорациях 1835 г. , Города, включенные в состав Англии и Уэльса в 1835–1882 гг. , Нереформированные районы в Англии и Уэльсе в 1835–1886 гг ., Города, включенные в состав Англии и Уэльса в 1882–1974 гг ., Закон о муниципальных корпорациях (Ирландия) 1840 г.

Современный статус района

Англия и Уэльс

Статус боро больше не подразумевает город или городскую территорию. За пределами Большого Лондона статус боро предоставляется столичным и нестоличным округам в соответствии с положениями раздела 245 Закона о местном самоуправлении 1972 года . Этот раздел позволяет совету округа подавать прошение монарху о предоставлении статуса боро. Резолюция должна получить поддержку не менее двух третей советников. Получив прошение, монарх может по рекомендации Тайного совета предоставить хартию, после чего:

Уставы, предоставленные в соответствии с Законом 1972 года, могут разрешать городскому совету назначать «местных должностных лиц с достоинством», ранее назначенных упраздненной городской корпорацией. Примеры включают:

Совет не обязан назначать лиц на эти должности.

В некоторых округах мэр имеет дополнительный титул «Адмирал порта», ссылаясь на историческую юрисдикцию. Лорд-мэры Честера и Кингстона-апон-Халла являются адмиралами Ди и Хамбера соответственно, мэр Медуэя является адмиралом реки Медуэй, а мэры Пула и Саутгемптона являются адмиралами этих портов. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]

Привилегии и права, принадлежащие гражданам или бургомистрам бывшего района, могут быть переданы жителям нового района. [ необходима цитата ]

Городским советам разрешено принимать резолюцию, признающую «выдающихся лиц» и лиц, «оказавших выдающиеся заслуги», почетными гражданами города. Это право использовалось для предоставления почетной свободы не только отдельным лицам, но и подразделениям и кораблям вооруженных сил.

Англия

Городские уставы, предоставленные в соответствии с разделом 245 Закона о местном самоуправлении 1972 года столичным и нестоличным округам Англии

Greater London is divided into thirty-two London boroughs. Their borough status dates from 1965, although each of them had previously included municipal, county or metropolitan boroughs:

Wales

Borough charters granted under section 245 of the Local Government Act 1972 to Welsh districts

The districts created in 1974 were abolished in 1996 by the Local Government (Wales) Act 1994. The 1994 Act amended section 245 of the Local Government Act 1972, allowing for the new unitary county councils established by the Act to apply for a charter in a similar manner to the old district councils. On receiving a charter a county became a "county borough".

Welsh unitary authorities granted a charter in 1996 bestowing county borough status

Northern Ireland

The privileges of borough status are that the council chairperson is called "mayor" and up to one quarter of councillors can be called "alderman", and the council can award freedom of the borough.[39][40] The Municipal Corporations (Ireland) Act 1840 extinguished all the boroughs in Ireland except for ten. In what would in 1921 become Northern Ireland, there were two remaining municipal boroughs in 1840: Belfast (made a city in 1888) and Derry (officially Londonderry, and a city since 1604). Five towns with abolished corporations remained parliamentary boroughs until 1885 (Armagh, Carrickfergus, Coleraine, Dungannon, and Enniskillen) as did three (Downpatrick, Lisburn, and Newry)[41] where any corporation was defunct by 1801. Several of the urban districts in Northern Ireland created under the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 later received charters granting borough status. The Local Government Act (Northern Ireland) 1972 replaced the multi-tier local government system with 26 unitary districts whose councils could retain the charter of a borough within the district; other districts later received borough charters in their own right. The 2015 local government reforms replaced the 26 districts with 11 larger districts. The "statutory transition committee" handling each council merger had the right to request transfer of borough status as in 1972,[42][43][44] and unionist-majority councils did so, while nationalist-majority councils chose not to apply.[45] There were complications where places had city status;[46][47] therefore Belfast, Derry and Lisburn's borough charters carried over automatically, without the need for the council to pass a resolution.[48] Although Newry received city status in 2002, Newry and Mourne District Council did not receive borough status. In 2015 its successor Newry, Mourne and Down District Council voted not to request borough status, the required two-thirds majority failing after opposition from Sinn Féin.[49]

See also

References

Citations

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