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The Atlanta Journal-Constitution (AJC) is an American daily newspaper based in metropolitan area of Atlanta, Georgia. It is the flagship publication of Cox Enterprises. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution is the result of the merger between The Atlanta Journal and The Atlanta Constitution.[2] The two staffs were combined in 1982. Separate publication of the morning Constitution and the afternoon Journal ended in 2001 in favor of a single morning paper under the Journal-Constitution name.[3]
The Atlanta Journal-Constitution has its headquarters in the Atlanta suburb of Dunwoody, Georgia. It was formerly co-owned with television flagship WSB-TV and six radio stations, which are located separately in midtown Atlanta; the newspaper remained part of Cox Enterprises, while WSB became part of an independent Cox Media Group.
In 1868, Carey Wentworth Styles, along with his joint venture partners James Anderson and (future Atlanta mayor) William Hemphill purchased a small newspaper, the Atlanta Daily Opinion which they renamed The Constitution, as it was originally known, was first published on June 16, 1868.[4] Its name changed to The Atlanta Constitution in October 1869.[5] Hemphill became the business manager, a position that he retained until 1901.[6] When Styles was unable to liquidate his holdings in an Albany newspaper, he could not pay for his purchase of the Constitution. He was forced to surrender his interest in the paper to Anderson and Hemphill, who then each owned one half. In 1870 Anderson sold his one half interest in the paper to Col. E. Y. Clarke.[7] In active competition with other Atlanta newspapers, Hemphill hired special trains (one engine and car) to deliver newspapers to the Macon marketplace.[8] The newspaper became such a force that by 1871 it had overwhelmed the Daily Intelligencer, the only Atlanta paper to survive the American Civil War. In August 1875 its name changed to The Atlanta Daily Constitution for two weeks, then to The Constitution again for about a year.[9] In 1876 Captain Evan Howell (a former Intelligencer city editor) purchased the 50 percent interest in the paper from E. Y. Clarke, and became its editor-in-chief. That same year, Joel Chandler Harris began writing for the paper. He soon created the character of Uncle Remus, a black storyteller, as a way of recounting stories from African-American culture. The Howell family would eventually own full interest in the paper from 1902 until 1950.
In October 1876 the newspaper was renamed as The Daily Constitution, before settling on the name The Atlanta Constitution in September 1881.[10] During the 1880s, editor Henry W. Grady was a spokesman for the "New South", encouraging industrial development as well as the founding of Georgia Tech in Atlanta. Evan Howell's family would come to own The Atlanta Constitution from 1902 to 1950.[6]
The Constitution established one of the first radio broadcasting stations, WGM, which began operating on March 17, 1922, two days after the debut of the Journal's WSB. However, WGM ceased operations after just over a year. Its equipment was donated to what was then known as Georgia School of Technology, which used it to help launch WBBF (later WGST, now WGKA AM 920) in January 1924.[11]
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In late 1947, the Constitution established radio station WCON (AM 550).[12] Subsequently, it received approval to begin operating an FM station, WCON-FM 98.5 mHz, and a TV station, WCON-TV, on channel 2.
But the 1950 merger with the Journal required major adjustments. Contemporary Federal Communications Commission "duopoly" regulations disallowed owning more than one AM, FM or TV station in a given market, and the Atlanta Journal already owned WSB AM 750 and WSB-FM 104.5, as well as WSB-TV on channel 8. In order to comply with the duopoly restrictions, WCON and the original WSB-FM were shut down.[13] The WCON-TV construction permit was canceled, and WSB-TV was allowed to move from channel 8 to channel 2.[14] In addition, in order to standardize with its sister stations, WCON-FM's call letters were changed to WSB-FM.
Ralph McGill, editor for the Constitution in the 1940s, was one of the few southern newspaper editors to support the American Civil Rights Movement. Other noteworthy editors of The Atlanta Constitution include J. Reginald Murphy. "Reg" Murphy gained notoriety after being kidnapped in 1974. Murphy later moved to the West Coast and served as editor of the San Francisco Examiner.
Celestine Sibley was an award-winning reporter, editor, and beloved columnist for the Constitution from 1941 to 1999, and also wrote 25 fiction and nonfiction books about Southern life. After her death, the Georgia House of Representatives named its press gallery in her honor as a mark of affection and respect.
From the 1970s until his death in 1994, Lewis Grizzard was a popular humor columnist for the Constitution. He portrayed Southern "redneck" culture with a mixture of ridicule and respect.
The Constitution won numerous Pulitzer Prizes. In 1931 it won a Pulitzer Prize for Public Service for exposing corruption at the local level. In 1959, The Constitution won a Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing for Ralph McGill's editorial "A Church, A School..." In 1967 it was awarded another Pulitzer Prize for Eugene Patterson's editorials. (Patterson later left his post as editor over a dispute over an op-ed piece.) In 1960, Jack Nelson won the Pulitzer Prize for local reporting, by exposing abuses at Milledgeville State Hospital for the mentally ill.
Even after newsrooms were combined in 1982, the papers were published in independent editions. In 1988 the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning went to the Constitution's Doug Marlette. Editorial cartoonist Mike Luckovich received Pulitzer Prizes in 1995 and 2006. Cynthia Tucker received a 2007 Pulitzer Prize for Commentary.
The Atlanta Journal was established in 1883. Founder E. F. Hoge sold the paper to Atlanta lawyer Hoke Smith in 1887. After the Journal supported presidential candidate Grover Cleveland in the 1892 election, Smith was named as Secretary of the Interior by the victorious Cleveland. Pulitzer Prize–winning novelist Margaret Mitchell worked for the Journal from 1922 to 1926. Important for the development of her 1936 Gone with the Wind were the series of profiles of prominent Georgia Civil War generals she wrote for The Atlanta Journal's Sunday magazine, the research for which, scholars believe, led her to her work on the novel. In 1922, the Journal founded one of the first radio broadcasting stations in the South, WSB. The radio station and the newspaper were sold in 1939 to James Middleton Cox, founder of what would become Cox Enterprises. The Journal carried the motto "Covers Dixie like the Dew".
Компания Cox Enterprises купила «Конституцию» в июне 1950 года, объединив обе газеты в одну собственность и объединив торговые и административные офисы. Отдельные редакции сохранялись до 1982 года. Обе газеты продолжали издаваться еще два десятилетия, практически с тем же содержанием, за исключением своевременного редактирования. « Журнал » , дневная газета, возглавляла утреннюю «Конституцию» до 1970-х годов, когда дневные газеты начали терять популярность у подписчиков. В ноябре 2001 года две газеты, которые когда-то были жестокими конкурентами, объединились и выпустили одну ежедневную утреннюю газету — The Atlanta Journal-Constitution . В течение многих лет ранее обе газеты публиковали объединенные выпуски по выходным и праздникам.
До слияния обе газеты планировали открыть телеканалы: WSB-TV на канале 8 для журнала и WCON-TV на канале 2 для Конституции . В эфир вышла только WSB, начиная с 1948 года как первая телестанция на Глубоком Юге . Он переместился с канала 8 на выделение WCON на канале 2 в 1951 году, чтобы избежать телевизионных помех со стороны соседнего канала 9. ( С тех пор WROM-TV переехал, оставив WGTV на 8, после того как он также использовался WLWA-TV, теперь WXIA-TV 11. .) Это также было необходимо для выполнения правил Федеральной комиссии по связи (FCC), предотвращающих чрезмерную концентрацию собственности СМИ и не позволяющих объединенной газете управлять двумя станциями. [ нужны разъяснения ]
В 1989 году Билл Дедман получил Пулитцеровскую премию за репортажи-расследования за книгу «Цвет денег» — разоблачение расовой дискриминации в ипотечном кредитовании или «красной черте» со стороны банков Атланты. [15] Редактор газет Билл Ковач подал в отставку в ноябре 1988 года после того, как статьи о банках и других организациях взбудоражили перья в Атланте и среди корпоративного руководства, некоторые из которых жаловались на редакционный подход «не брать пленных». [16]
В 1993 году Майк Тонер получил Пулитцеровскую премию за пояснительный репортаж за серию «Когда ошибки сопротивляются» , серию об организмах и их устойчивости к антибиотикам и пестицидам .
Джулия Уоллес была названа первой женщиной-редактором The Atlanta Journal-Constitution в 2002 году. Журнал Editor & Publisher назвал ее редактором года 2004 года . [17]
Mike Luckovich won the Pulitzer Prize for editorial cartooning a second time in 2006. He had first received it in 1995 under The Atlanta Constitution banner.
The paper used to cover all 159 counties in Georgia, and the bordering counties of western North Carolina, where many Atlantans vacation or have second homes. In addition it had some circulation in other bordering communities, such as Tallahassee, Florida, where the Sunday Atlanta Journal-Constitution was available. Due to the downturn in the newspaper industry and competing media sources, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution contracted distribution dramatically in the late 2000s to serve only the metro area.[18] From Q1 of 2007 to Q1 of 2010, daily circulation plunged over 44%.[19]
The Atlanta Journal-Constitution has its headquarters in Perimeter Center, an office district of Dunwoody, Georgia.[20] Previously the AJC headquarters were in Downtown Atlanta near the Five Points district.[21] In August 2009, the AJC occupied less than 30 percent of its downtown building, which had become outdated and costly to maintain. Later that year, the AJC consolidated its printing operations by transferring the downtown production center to the Gwinnett County facility. In 2010 the newspaper relocated its headquarters to leased offices in Dunwoody, a northern suburb of Atlanta.[20] In November 2010, the company donated its former downtown headquarters to the city of Atlanta, which plans to convert the building into a fire and police training academy.[21] In February 2024, the newspaper announced it would return its headquarters to midtown Atlanta after nearly 14 years, citing a desire "to be at the beating heart of the city" it is named for. The company signed a lease on 21,000 square feet of newsroom and studio space in the Promenade Central building on Peachtree Street, planning to complete its relocation by the end of the year.[22]
В 1996 году The Atlanta Journal-Constitution стала первой газетой, опубликовавшей сообщение о том, что героя взрыва в Столетнем Олимпийском парке Ричарда Джуэлла обвиняли в том, что он на самом деле был террористом, со ссылкой на просочившуюся информацию Федерального бюро расследований . Даже после того, как ФБР сняло с Джуэлла все обвинения, AJC отказался принести извинения и до сих пор остается единственной газетой, которая не отказалась от своей истории Кэти Скраггс и Рона Марца, ложно обвинивших его в терроризме. Судебное дело по этому поводу было прекращено после смерти Ричарда Джуэлла и первого репортера. Джуэлл умер вскоре после этого от диабета из-за плохих привычек в еде, которые усугубились после того, как его обвинили. [23]
В журнале Atlanta Journal-Constitution ежедневно есть четыре основных раздела. По воскресеньям в нем есть дополнительные разделы. Основной раздел обычно состоит из новостей Грузии, национальных новостей, международных новостей и новостей бизнеса. Раздел «Метро» включает в себя основные заголовки новостей из района Метро Атланта . В разделе «Метро» обычно сообщается прогноз погоды. В разделе «Спорт» публикуются новости спорта. До того, как социальные сети стали популярными, разделы «Метро» и «Спорт» содержали рубрики «Вент», где читатели выражали мнение о текущих событиях. [24] Раздел «Жизнь» содержит статьи, рецепты, обзоры, расписание фильмов и головоломки, включая судоку , кроссворды и головоломки; плюс полная страница цветных комиксов ежедневно. В воскресных выпусках комиксы печатаются отдельным разделом.
