The nickname Pullman coach was used in some European cities for the first long (four-axle) electric tramcars whose appearance resembled the Pullman railway cars and that were usually more comfortable than their predecessors. Such coaches (Russian: пульмановский вагон, romanized: pul'manovsky vagon) ran in Kyiv from 1907[1][2] and in Odessa from 1912.[3]
In the 1920s, tramcars nicknamed Pullmanwagen in German ran in Leipzig, Cologne, Frankfurt and Zürich.[4]
Mercedes-Benz 600 "Pullman" limousine, carrying US President Carter in Liberia, 1978
In some Western European countries in the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s, some especially luxurious motor coaches were sometimes referred to as Auto-Pullmans.