Oaks and related plants
The genus Quercus contains about 500 known species, plus about 180 hybrids between them.[1] The genus, as is the case with many large genera , is divided into subgenera and sections . Traditionally, the genus Quercus was divided into the two subgenera Cyclobalanopsis , the ring-cupped oaks, and Quercus , which included all the other sections. However, a comprehensive revision in 2017 identified different relationships.[2] Now the genus is commonly divided into a subgenus Quercus and a subgenus Cerris , with Cyclobalanopsis included in the latter. The sections of subgenus Quercus are mostly native to the New World , with the notable exception of the white oaks of sect. Quercus and the endemic Quercus pontica . In contrast, the sections of the subgenus Cerris are exclusively native to the Old World .[2]
Unless otherwise indicated, the lists which follow contain all the species accepted by Plants of the World Online as of February 2023[update] , plus selected hybrids that are also accepted,[1] with placement into sections based on a list produced by Denk et al. for their 2017 classification of the genus.[3]
Legend Species with evergreen foliage ("live oaks ") are tagged '#'. Species in the genus have been recategorized between deciduous and evergreen on numerous occasions, although this does not necessarily mean that species in the two groups are closely related.
Subgenus Quercus
Section Quercus Section Mesobalanus was included in section Quercus in the 2017 classification used here. Other synonyms include Q. sect. Albae and Q. sect. Macrocarpae . The section comprises the white oaks from Europe, Asia, north Africa, Central and North America.[2] Styles short; acorns mature in 6 months, sweet or slightly bitter, inside of acorn shell hairless.[citation needed ]
Quercus aculcingensis Trel. – MexicoQuercus ajoensis C.H.Mull. – Ajo Mountain shrub oak, Blue shrub oak – Arizona , New Mexico , Baja California Quercus alba L. – white oak – eastern and central North AmericaQuercus aliena Blume – Oriental white oak – eastern AsiaQuercus alpescens Trel. – MexicoQuercus ariifolia Trel. – MexicoQuercus arizonica Sarg. – Arizona white oak – # southwestern U.S., northwestern MexicoQuercus austrina Small – bluff oak – southeastern North AmericaQuercus × basaseachicensis C.H.Mull. – MexicoQuercus × bebbiana C.K.Schneid. — Bebb's oak — northeastern North AmericaQuercus berberidifolia Liebm. – California scrub oak – # CaliforniaQuercus bicolor Willd. – swamp white oak – eastern and midwestern North AmericaQuercus × bimundorum E.J.Palmer — two worlds oakQuercus boyntonii Beadle – Boynton's post oak – south central North AmericaQuercus canariensis Willd. – Mirbeck's oak or Algerian oak – # North Africa & SpainQuercus carmenensis C.H.Mull. – Carmen oak – Coahuila and TexasQuercus × cerrioides Willk. & Costa – east SpainQuercus chapmanii Sarg. – Chapman oak – # southeastern North AmericaQuercus chartacea Trel. – MexicoQuercus chihuahuensis Trel. – Chihuahua oak – northern Mexico and TexasQuercus congesta C.Presl – ItalyQuercus convallata Trel. – MexicoQuercus copeyensis C.H.Mull. – # Costa Rica , Panama Quercus cornelius-mulleri Nixon & K.P.Steele – Muller oak – # southwestern North AmericaQuercus corrugata Hook. – Mexico, Central AmericaQuercus dalechampii Ten. – southeastern EuropeQuercus deliquescens C.H.Mull. – MexicoQuercus dentata Thunb. – daimyo oak – eastern AsiaQuercus depressipes Trel. – Davis Mountain oak – northern Mexico and TexasQuercus deserticola Trel. – # MexicoQuercus diversifolia Née – MexicoQuercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. – blue oak – CaliforniaQuercus dumosa Nutt. – coastal scrub oak – # southern California, Baja California, ArizonaQuercus durata Jeps. – leather oak – # CaliforniaQuercus edwardsiae C.H.Mull. – MexicoQuercus engelmannii Greene – Engelmann oak – # southern California, Baja CaliforniaQuercus estremadurensis O.Schwarz – Portugal, Spain, MoroccoQuercus fabrei Hance – Faber's oak – central to southern ChinaQuercus faginea Lam. – Portuguese oak – # southwestern EuropeQuercus frainetto Ten. — Hungarian oak — southeastern EuropeQuercus frutex Trel. – Mexico†Quercus furuhjelmi — Eocene to Miocene - Alaska, Kazakhstan Quercus gambelii Nutt. – Gambel oak – southwestern North AmericaQuercus garryana Douglas ex Hook. – Oregon white oak or Garry oak – western North AmericaQuercus germana Schltdl. & Cham. – MexicoQuercus glabrescens Benth. – MexicoQuercus glaucescens Bonpl. – encino blanco – MexicoQuercus glaucoides M.Martens & Galeotti – # MexicoQuercus greggii (A.DC.) Trel. – # MexicoQuercus griffithii Hook.f. & Thomson ex Miq. – southeast AsiaQuercus grisea Liebm. – gray oak – # southwestern North AmericaQuercus hartwissiana Steven – Strandzha oak – southeastern Bulgaria , northern Turkey , western Georgia , southwestern Russia Quercus havardii Rydb. – Havard oak, shinnery oak, shin oak – south central North America†Quercus hiholensis — Miocene — # Washington State[4] Quercus hinckleyi C.H.Mull. – Hinckley oak – # Texas, northwestern MexicoQuercus infectoria G.Olivier – Aleppo oak, Cyprus oak – southern Europe, southwestern AsiaQuercus insignis M.Martens & Galeotti – Mexico, Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, PanamaQuercus intricata Trel. – Coahuila scrub oak – # two isolated localities in west Texas, northern Mexico Quercus invaginata Trel. – MexicoQuercus john-tuckeri Nixon & C.H.Mull. – Tucker's oak – CaliforniaQuercus juergensenii Liebm. – MexicoQuercus kotschyana O.Schwarz – LebanonQuercus laceyi Small – lacey oak – Edwards Plateau of Texas, northern MexicoQuercus laeta Liebm. – MexicoQuercus lancifolia Schltdl. & Cham. – southwestern North America, Mexico, South AmericaQuercus liebmannii Oerst. ex Trel. — MexicoQuercus lobata Née – valley oak or California white oak – CaliforniaQuercus lusitanica Lam. – gall oak or Lusitanian oak – Iberia, North AfricaQuercus lyrata Walter – overcup oak – eastern North AmericaQuercus × macdonaldii Greene & Kellogg – CaliforniaQuercus macdougallii Martínez – MexicoQuercus macranthera Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Hohen. – Caucasian oak or Persian oak – western AsiaQuercus macrocarpa Michx. – bur oak – eastern and central North AmericaQuercus magnoliifolia Née – MexicoQuercus manzanillana Trel. – MexicoQuercus margarettae (also Q. margaretiae and Q. margarettiae ) — sand post oak — southeastern North AmericaQuercus martinezii C.H.Mull. – # MexicoQuercus michauxii Nutt. – swamp chestnut oak – eastern North AmericaQuercus microphylla Née – MexicoQuercus mohriana Buckley ex Rydb. – Mohr oak – # southwestern North AmericaQuercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb. – Mongolian oak – eastern AsiaQuercus monnula Y.C.Hsu & H.Wei Jen – south-central ChinaQuercus montana Willd. – chestnut oak – eastern North America (= Quercus prinus )Quercus muehlenbergii Engelm. – Chinkapin oak – eastern, central, and southwestern US (West Texas and New Mexico ), northern MexicoQuercus ningqiangensis S.Z.Qu & W.H.Zhang – southeastern ChinaQuercus oblongifolia Torr. – Arizona blue oak, Southwestern blue oak, or Mexican blue oak – # southwestern U.S., northwestern MexicoQuercus obtusata Bonpl. – MexicoQuercus oglethorpensis W.H.Duncan – Oglethorpe oak – southeastern North AmericaQuercus oocarpa Liebm. – MexicoQuercus opaca Trel. – MexicoQuercus pacifica Nixon & C.H.Mull. – # Channel Islands, CaliforniaQuercus peduncularis Née – # Central AmericaQuercus perpallida Trel. – MexicoQuercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. – sessile oak, durmast oak – Europe, AnatoliaQuercus polymorpha Schltdl. & Cham. – Monterrey oak, Mexican white oak – # Mexico and extreme S. TexasQuercus porphyrogenita Trel. – MexicoQuercus potosina Trel. – MexicoQuercus praeco Trel. – MexicoQuercus pringlei Seemen ex Loes. – MexicoQuercus prinoides Willd. – dwarf chinkapin oak – eastern North AmericaQuercus pubescens Willd. – downy oak or Italian oak – Europe, AnatoliaQuercus pungens Liebm. – sandpaper oak or pungens oak – southwestern U.S., MexicoQuercus purulhana Trel. – Mexico, Central AmericaQuercus pyrenaica Willd. – Pyrenean oak – southwestern EuropeQuercus rekonis Trel. – MexicoQuercus repanda Bonpl. – MexicoQuercus resinosa Liebm. – MexicoQuercus robur L. – pedunculate oak, English oak or French oak – Europe, West AsiaQuercus rugosa Née – netleaf oak or Rugosa oak – # southwestern U.S., northwestern MexicoQuercus × schuettei Trel. — Schuette's oak — US, CanadaQuercus sebifera Trel. – # MexicoQuercus segoviensis Liebm. – Mexico and northern Central AmericaQuercus serrata Murray – bao li – # China, Taiwan, Japan, KoreaQuercus shennongii C.C.Huang & S.H.Fu – southeastern ChinaQuercus shingjenensis Y.T.Chang – China (Guizhou)Quercus similis Ashe – swamp post oak – southeastern North AmericaQuercus sinuata Walter – bastard oak – southern US (formerly identified as Quercus durandii )Quercus sororia Liebm. – MexicoQuercus stellata Wangenh. – post oak – eastern North AmericaQuercus striatula Trel. – Mexico (Sierra Madre Occidental and Mexican Plateau ranges)Quercus subspathulata Trel. – MexicoQuercus supranitida C.H.Mull. – MexicoQuercus tinkhamii C.H.Mull. — MexicoQuercus toumeyi Sarg. — Toumey oak — # southwest New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, northern MexicoQuercus tuberculata Liebm. — MexicoQuercus turbinella Greene — turbinella oak, Arizona Blue Shrub oak, Shrub live oak or scrub live oak — # southwestern North AmericaQuercus vaseyana Buckley — Vasey oak — # southwestern North AmericaQuercus verde C.H.Mull. — MexicoQuercus vicentensis Trel. — El Salvador, Guatemala, and southern MexicoQuercus vulcanica Boiss. & Heldr. ex Kotschy — Kasnak oak — southwestern AsiaQuercus welshii R.A.Denham — havard oak, Utah sand oak, wavy leaf oak — # southwestern North AmericaQuercus wutaishanica Mayr — Liaoning oak — China, MongoliaQuercus xylina Scheidw. — Mexico[5] † Quercus hiholensis acorn in matrix
Section Ponticae Species are native to Western Asia and Western North America. They produce catkins up to 10cm long; the acorns mature annually.[2]
Section Protobalanus The intermediate oaks . Southwest USA and northwest Mexico. Styles short, acorns mature in 18 months, very bitter, inside of acorn shell woolly.[citation needed ]
Section Lobatae The red oaks (synonym sect. Erythrobalanus ), native to North, Central and South America.[2] Styles long, acorns mature in 18 months (in most species),[6] very bitter, inside of acorn shell woolly.[citation needed ]
Quercus acatenangensis Trel. – Mexico, Guatemala, El SalvadorQuercus acerifolia (E.J.Palmer) Stoynoff & W.J.Hess ex R.J.Jensen – maple-leaved oak or mapleleaf oak – ArkansasQuercus acherdophylla Trel. – # MexicoQuercus acutangula Trel. – MexicoQuercus acutifolia , syn. Quercus conspersa — MexicoQuercus aerea Trel. — MexicoQuercus affinis Scheidw. – # MexicoQuercus agrifolia Née – coast live oak – # California, northern Baja CaliforniaQuercus albocincta Trel. – Mexico (Sierra Madre Occidental )Quercus aristata Hook. & Arn. – MexicoQuercus arkansana Sarg. – Arkansas oak – southeastern North AmericaQuercus benthamii A.DC. – # southern Mexico and Central AmericaQuercus brenesii Trel. – Costa Rica, MexicoQuercus buckleyi Nixon & Dorr – Texas red oak – south central North AmericaQuercus calophylla Schltdl. & Cham. — MexicoQuercus canbyi Trel. (syn. Quercus graciliformis ) – Canby oak or Mexican red oak – # Texas, MexicoQuercus castanea Née – # MexicoQuercus charcasana Trel. ex A.Camus – MexicoQuercus chimaltenangana Trel. – GuatemalaQuercus coahuilensis Nixon & C.H.Mull. – MexicoQuercus coccinea Münchh. – scarlet oak – eastern North AmericaQuercus coffeicolor Trel. – MexicoQuercus confertifolia Bonpl. (syn. Quercus gentryi ) — MexicoQuercus conzattii Trel. – MexicoQuercus cortesii Liebm. – # southern Mexico and Central AmericaQuercus costaricensis Liebm. – # Costa Rica, PanamaQuercus crassifolia Bonpl. – MexicoQuercus crassipes Bonpl. – MexicoQuercus crispifolia Trel. — MexicoQuercus crispipilis Trel. – Mexico, GuatemalaQuercus cualensis L.M.González – # Mexico (Sierra Madre del Sur )Quercus delgadoana S.Valencia, Nixon & L.M.Kelly – MexicoQuercus depressa Bonpl. – MexicoQuercus devia Goldman – Mexico (Baja California Peninsula)Quercus durifolia Seemen ex Loes. – Mexico (Sierra Madre Occidental )Quercus × dysophylla — MexicoQuercus eduardi Trel. — MexicoQuercus ellipsoidalis E.J.Hill – northern pin oak – eastern North AmericaQuercus elliptica Née – MexicoQuercus emoryi Torr. – Emory oak – # southwestern U.S., northern MexicoQuercus falcata Michx. – southern red oak or Spanish oak – southeastern North AmericaQuercus floccosa Liebm. – MexicoQuercus flocculenta C.H.Mull. — MexicoQuercus fulva Liebm. – MexicoQuercus furfuracea Liebm. – MexicoQuercus galeanensis C.H.Mull. – MexicoQuercus georgiana M.A.Curtis – Georgia oak – southeastern North AmericaQuercus gracilior C.H.Mull. – HondurasQuercus grahamii Benth. – MexicoQuercus gravesii Sudw. – Chisos red oak or Graves oak – Mexico, southwestern North America (Texas)Quercus gulielmi-treleasei C.H.Mull. – Costa Rica to western PanamaQuercus hemisphaerica W.Bartram ex Willd. – laurel oak or Darlington oak – # southeastern North AmericaQuercus hintonii E.F.Warb. – MexicoQuercus hintoniorum Nixon & C.H.Mull. – # MexicoQuercus hirtifolia M.L.Vázquez, S.Valencia & Nixon – # MexicoQuercus humboldtii Bonpl. – Andean oak – # northern South America (Colombia & Panama)Quercus hypoleucoides A.Camus – silverleaf oak – # southwestern North AmericaQuercus hypoxantha Trel. – # MexicoQuercus ignaciensis C.H.Mull. – SonoraQuercus ilicifolia Wangenh. – bear oak – eastern North AmericaQuercus iltisii L.M.González – western MexicoQuercus imbricaria Michx. – shingle oak – eastern North AmericaQuercus incana W.Bartram – bluejack oak – southeastern North AmericaQuercus inopina Ashe – sandhill oak – FloridaQuercus jonesii Trel. – northern MexicoQuercus kelloggii Newb. – California black oak – California, southwestern OregonQuercus laevis Walter – turkey oak – southeastern North AmericaQuercus laurifolia Michx. – laurel oak – # southeastern North AmericaQuercus laurina Bonpl. – # MexicoQuercus marilandica (L.) Münchh. – blackjack oak – eastern North AmericaQuercus mcvaughii Spellenb. (orth. var. Q. macvaughii ) — Mexico (northern and central Sierra Madre Occidental )Quercus mexicana Bonpl. – MexicoQuercus miquihuanensis Nixon & C.H.Mull. – Mexico (Sierra Madre Oriental )Quercus mulleri Martínez – MexicoQuercus myrtifolia Willd. – myrtle oak – # southeastern North AmericaQuercus nigra L. – water oak – # eastern North AmericaQuercus nixoniana S.Valencia & Lozada-Pérez – MexicoQuercus pagoda Raf. – cherrybark oak – southeastern North AmericaQuercus palustris Münchh. – pin oak – eastern North AmericaQuercus panamandinaea C.H.Mull. – PanamaQuercus parvula Greene – Shreve oak, Santa Cruz Island oak – # coastal CaliforniaQuercus paxtalensis C.H.Mull. – MexicoQuercus peninsularis Trel. – Mexico (Baja California)Quercus pennivenia Trel. – MexicoQuercus phellos L. – willow oak – eastern North AmericaQuercus pinnativenulosa C.H.Mull. – MexicoQuercus planipocula Trel. – western MexicoQuercus pumila Walter – runner oak – # southeastern North AmericaQuercus radiata Trel. – Mexico (southern Sierra Madre Occidental )Quercus robusta C.H.Mull. – Chisos Mountains of TexasQuercus rubra L. – northern red oak – eastern North AmericaQuercus rubramenta Trel. – MexicoQuercus runcinatifolia Trel. & C.H.Mull. – MexicoQuercus rysophylla Weath. – loquat-leaf oak – # MexicoQuercus salicifolia Née – # MexicoQuercus saltillensis Trel. — MexicoQuercus sapotifolia Liebm. – # southern Mexico, Central AmericaQuercus sartorii Liebm. – MexicoQuercus scytophylla Liebm. — MexicoQuercus seemannii Liebm. – southeastern Mexico and Central AmericaQuercus shumardii Buckley – Shumard oak – eastern North AmericaQuercus sideroxyla Bonpl. – MexicoQuercus skinneri Benth. – Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Tamaulipas, Veracruz) Guatemala, El Salvador, HondurasQuercus tarahumara Spellenb., J.D.Bacon & Breedlove – MexicoQuercus tardifolia C.H.Mull. – lateleaf oak – # two small clumps in Chisos Mountains of TexasQuercus texana Buckley – Nuttall's oak – south central North America (Lower Mississippi River Valley)Quercus tonduzii Seemen – Costa RicaQuercus tuitensis L.M.González — MexicoQuercus urbani Trel. – MexicoQuercus uxoris McVaugh – MexicoQuercus velutina Lam. – black oak or eastern black oak or dyer's oak – eastern North AmericaQuercus viminea Trel. – # MexicoQuercus wislizeni A.DC. – interior live oak – # CaliforniaQuercus xalapensis Bonpl. – Mexico, Central America
Section Virentes Section Virentes has also been treated at lower ranks. Species are native south-eastern Northern America, Mexico, the West Indies (Cuba), and Central America.[2] A 2017 classification included seven species:[3]
Subgenus Cerris
Section Cerris Species are native to Europe, north Africa and Asia.[2] Styles long; acorns mature in 18 months, very bitter, inside of acorn shell hairless or slightly hairy.[citation needed ]
Quercus acutissima Carruth. – sawtooth oak – # China (including Tibet), Korea, Japan, Indochina , the Himalayas (Nepal, Bhutan, northeastern India).Quercus afares Pomel – African oak – North AfricaQuercus brantii Lindl. – Persian oak – southwestern AsiaQuercus castaneifolia C.A.Mey. – chestnut-leaved oak – Caucasus, Iran (Persia)Quercus cerris L. – Turkey oak – southern Europe, southwestern AsiaQuercus chenii Nakai – SE ChinaQuercus × crenata Lam. – Spanish oak – France, mainland Italy, Sicily, former YugoslaviaQuercus gussonei (Borzì) Brullo – northern SicilyQuercus ithaburensis Decne. – Mount Tabor's oak – southeastern Europe, southwestern AsiaQuercus libani G.Olivier – Lebanon oak – southwestern AsiaQuercus look Kotschy – LevantQuercus persica Jaub. & Spach – western IranQuercus suber L. – cork oak – # southwestern Europe, northwestern AfricaQuercus trojana Webb – Macedonian oak – # southeastern EuropeQuercus ungeri Kotschy – northwestern IranQuercus variabilis Blume – Chinese cork oak – eastern Asia
Section Ilex Species in section Ilex are native to Eurasia and northern Africa .[2] Styles medium-long; acorns mature in 12–24 months, appearing hairy on the inside. Evergreen leaves, with bristle-like extensions on the teeth. (Sister group to sect. Cerris and sometimes included in it.)[citation needed ]
Quercus acrodonta Seemen — # ChinaQuercus alnifolia Poech — golden oak — # CyprusQuercus aquifolioides Rehder & E.H.Wilson — # China (including Tibet)Quercus aucheri Jaub. & Spach – eastern Aegean Islands and southwestern TurkeyQuercus baloot Griff. – Afghanistan to western HimalayasQuercus baronii Skan – ChinaQuercus bawanglingensis C.C.Huang, Ze X.Li & F.W.Xing – # HainanQuercus coccifera L. , syn. Quercus calliprinos Webb – kermes oak – # southern EuropeQuercus cocciferoides Hand.-Mazz. – south-central ChinaQuercus dolicholepis A.Camus – ChinaQuercus engleriana Seemen – Tibet and southern ChinaQuercus fimbriata Y.C.Hsu & H.Wei Jen – south-central ChinaQuercus floribunda Lindl. ex A.Camus – Moru oak – # HimalayasQuercus franchetii Skan – China, eastern AsiaQuercus gilliana Rehder & E.H.Wilson – Tibet and China (Sichuan, Yunnan, and Gansu)Quercus guyavifolia H.Lév. – ChinaQuercus handeliana A.Camus – China (Yunnan)Quercus ilex L. – holly oak or holm oak – # southern EuropeQuercus kingiana Craib – south-Central China, Myanmar, and ThailandQuercus kongshanensis Y.C.Hsu & H.Wei Jen – China (Sichuan)Quercus lanata Sm. – woolly-leaved oak – # Himalayas, southeast AsiaQuercus leucotrichophora A.Camus – Banj oak, blackjack oak, grey oak – # HimalayasQuercus lodicosa O.E.Warb. & E.F.Warb. – Assam, southeastern Tibet, northern MyanmarQuercus longispica (Hand.-Mazz.) A.Camus – China (Yunnan and Sichuan)Quercus marlipoensis Hu & W.C.Cheng – China (Yunnan)Quercus monimotricha (Hand.-Mazz.) Hand.-Mazz. – south-central China and northern MyanmarQuercus oxyphylla (E.H.Wilson) Hand.-Mazz. – ChinaQuercus pannosa Hand.-Mazz. # – ChinaQuercus phillyreoides A.Gray – Southern China, Ryukyu Islands, JapanQuercus pseudococcifera Desf. – Iberia, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Sardinia, SicilyQuercus rehderiana Hand.-Mazz. – Tibet to China (Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou)Quercus rotundifolia Lam. – ballota oak or holm oak – # Iberian peninsula, northwestern AfricaQuercus semecarpifolia Sm. – brown oak or Kharshu oak – # HimalayasQuercus senescens Hand.-Mazz. – Eastern Himalayas, Tibet, south-central ChinaQuercus setulosa Hickel & A.Camus – # Laos, VietnamQuercus spinosa David – China, MyanmarQuercus tarokoensis Hayata – eastern TaiwanQuercus tungmaiensis Y.T.Chang – Arunachal Pradesh and southeastern TibetQuercus utilis Hu & W.C.Cheng – China (Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi)Quercus yiwuensis Y.C.Hsu & H.Wei Jen – China (Yunnan)
Section Cyclobalanopsis Illustration of Quercus lamellosa , showing acorns in clusters, with visible rings on their cups The ring-cupped oaks (synonym genus Cyclobalanopsis ), native to eastern and southeastern tropical Asia. They have corns with distinctive cups bearing concrescent rings of scales.[2] They commonly also have densely clustered acorns, though this does not apply to all of the species.[citation needed ] About 90 species.[2]
Species Quercus acuta Thunb. – Japanese evergreen oak. # Japan, Korea Quercus albicaulis Chun & W.C.Ko – # ChinaQuercus annulata Sm. – # The Himalayas to VietnamQuercus arbutifolia Hickel & A.Camus – # Vietnam (endemic )Quercus argentata Korth. – # Malaysia , Indonesia Quercus argyrotricha A.Camus – # Guizhou (China)Quercus asymmetrica Hickel & A.Camus – # China, northern VietnamQuercus augustinii Skan – # China, Vietnam Quercus austrocochinchinensis Hickel & A.Camus – # China, Thailand , VietnamQuercus baniensis A.Camus – central VietnamQuercus bambusifolia Hance – China (Guangdong, Guangxi), northern VietnamQuercus bella Chun & Tsiang – # ChinaQuercus blakei Skan (syn. Q. chrysocalyx ) — # China, Laos, VietnamQuercus blaoensis A.Camus – southeastern VietnamQuercus braianensis A.Camus – # Vietnam (endemic )Quercus brandisiana Kurz – upland Indochina, BangladeshQuercus brevicalyx A.Camus — # China, LaosQuercus breviradiata (W.C.Cheng) C.C.Huang – central and south-central ChinaQuercus cambodiensis Hickel & A.Camus – CambodiaQuercus championii Benth. – # China, Taiwan Quercus chevalieri Hickel & A.Camus – # China, VietnamQuercus chrysocalyx Hickel & A.Camus – # VietnamQuercus chrysotricha A.Camus – Borneo (Sarawak)Quercus chungii F.P.Metcalf – # ChinaQuercus ciliaris C.C.Huang & Y.T.Chang – China (Hubei, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Anhui)Quercus daimingshanensis (S.K.Lee) C.C.Huang – # ChinaQuercus dankiaensis A.Camus — # Vietnam (endemic )[7] Quercus delavayi Franch. – # ChinaQuercus delicatula Chun & Tsiang – # ChinaQuercus dilacerata Hickel & A.Camus – northern VietnamQuercus dinghuensis C.C.Huang – # ChinaQuercus disciformis Chun & Tsiang – # ChinaQuercus donnaiensis A.Camus – southeastern VietnamQuercus edithiae Skan – # China, VietnamQuercus elevaticostata (Q.F.Zheng) C.C.Huang – # Fujian (China)Quercus elmeri Merr. – Sumatra, Borneo, Peninsular MalaysiaQuercus eumorpha Kurz – southern MyanmarQuercus fuliginosa Chun & W.C.Ko – HainanQuercus gaharuensis Soepadmo – western Borneo, eastern Sumatra, Peninsular MalaysiaQuercus gambleana A.Camus – # China, IndiaQuercus gemelliflora Blume – # Malaysia, Indonesia, VietnamQuercus gilva Blume – # Japan, Taiwan, ChinaQuercus glauca Thunb. – ring-cupped oak – # from Afghanistan to Japan and VietnamQuercus gomeziana A.Camus – # VietnamQuercus gracilenta Chun – China (Guangdong)Quercus helferiana A.DC. – # China, India, Burma /Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, VietnamQuercus hondae Makino – # Kyūshū (Japan)Quercus hui Chun – ChinaQuercus hypargyrea (Seemen ex Diels) C.C.Huang & Y.T.Chang (as Q. multinervis ) — # ChinaQuercus hypophaea Hayata – # TaiwanQuercus jenseniana Hand.-Mazz. – # ChinaQuercus jinpinensis (Y.C.Hsu & H.Wei Jen) C.C.Huang – # ChinaQuercus kerangasensis Soepadmo – BorneoQuercus kerrii Craib – Kerr's oak – # Vietnam, Thailand, possibly ChinaQuercus kinabaluensis Soepadmo – Borneo Quercus kiukiangensis (Y.T.Chang) Y.T.Chang – # ChinaQuercus kouangsiensis A.Camus – # ChinaQuercus lamellosa Sm. – # Himalayas Quercus langbianensis Hickel & A.Camus (syn. Q. camusiae ) – # Cambodia , China, VietnamQuercus lenticellata Barnett – northern ThailandQuercus liaoi C.F.Shen – TaiwanQuercus lineata Blume – # Assam, Bangladesh, Indochina, Hainan, Malaysia, western IndonesiaQuercus litseoides Dunn – # ChinaQuercus lobbii Hook.f. & Thomson ex Ettingsh. – # China, IndiaQuercus longinux Hayata – # TaiwanQuercus lowii King – # BorneoQuercus lungmaiensis (Hu) C.C.Huang & Y.T.Chang – # Yunnan (China)Quercus macrocalyx Hickel & A.Camus – # VietnamQuercus meihuashanensis (Q.F.Zheng) C.C.Huang – China (Fujian)Quercus merrillii Seemen – # Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia), Palawan (Philippines )Quercus mespilifolia Wall. ex A.DC. – # VietnamQuercus miyagii (orth. var. Q. miyagei ) — Ryukyu IslandsQuercus morii Hayata – # TaiwanQuercus motuoensis C.C.Huang – # ChinaQuercus myrsinifolia Blume (syn. Q. neglecta ) – bamboo-leaf oak – # China, Japan, Korea, Laos, Thailand, VietnamQuercus ningangensis (orth. var. Q. ninggangensis ) — # ChinaQuercus nivea King – Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak)Quercus oidocarpa Korth. – Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra, Bangka)Quercus oxyodon Miq. (syn. Q. songtavanensis ) – # Assam , Myanmar, China, Bhutan , Nepal , northern VietnamQuercus pachyloma Seemen – # China, TaiwanQuercus pentacycla Y.T.Chang – # ChinaQuercus percoriacea Soepadmo – BorneoQuercus petelotii A.Camus – # Vietnam (endemic )Quercus phanera Chun – # ChinaQuercus pinbianensis (Y.C.Hsu & H.Wei Jen) C.C.Huang & Y.T.Chang – China (Yunnan)Quercus platycalyx Hickel & A.Camus – VietnamQuercus poilanei (orth. var. Q. poilanii ) — # China, Thailand, VietnamQuercus pseudoverticillata Soepadmo – BorneoQuercus quangtriensis Hickel & A.Camus – # VietnamQuercus ramsbottomii A.Camus – Myanmar, ThailandQuercus rex Hemsl. – # China, India, Laos, Myanmar, VietnamQuercus rupestris Hickel & A.Camus – # Vietnam (endemic )Quercus salicina Blume – # Japan, South Korea Quercus saravanensis A.Camus – # China, Laos, VietnamQuercus schottkyana Rehder & E.H.Wilson – # ChinaQuercus semiserrata Roxb. – # China, Bangladesh , India, Myanmar, ThailandQuercus semiserratoides (Y.C.Hsu & H.Wei Jen) C.C.Huang & Y.T.Chang – China (southeastern Yunnan)Quercus sessilifolia Blume – # Japan, Taiwan, ChinaQuercus sichourensis (Y.C.Hsu) C.C.Huang & Y.T.Chang – # Yunnan (China)Quercus steenisii Soepadmo – northern SumatraQuercus stenophylloides Hayata – # TaiwanQuercus stewardiana A.Camus – # ChinaQuercus subsericea A.Camus – # Sumatra, Borneo, western Java, Malay PeninsulaQuercus sumatrana Soepadmo – # Sumatra and BorneoQuercus thomsoniana A.DC. – Sikkim, Bhutan, northern BangladeshQuercus thorelii Hickel & A.Camus – # China, Laos, VietnamQuercus tiaoloshanica Chun & W.C.Ko – HainanQuercus tomentosinervis (Y.C.Hsu & H.Wei Jen) C.C.Huang – # ChinaQuercus treubiana Seemen – # Sumatra , Borneo Quercus valdinervosa Soepadmo – BorneoQuercus vestita Griff. – AssamQuercus xanthoclada Drake – Myanmar, Laos, VietnamQuercus xanthotricha A.Camus – # China, Laos, VietnamQuercus xuanlienensis H.T.Binh, Ngoc & T.N.Bo – Vietnam[7] Quercus yonganensis L.K.Ling & C.C.Huang – # China
Section uncertain
Intersectional hybrids
References ^ a b "Quercus L." Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 2023-02-17 . ^ a b c d e f g h i j Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min & Hipp, Andrew L. (2017). "An Updated Infrageneric Classification of the Oaks: Review of Previous Taxonomic Schemes and Synthesis of Evolutionary Patterns". In Gil-Pelegrín, Eustaquio; Peguero-Pina, José Javier & Sancho-Knapik, Domingo (eds.). Oaks Physiological Ecology. Exploring the Functional Diversity of Genus Quercus L . Cham.: Springer International Publishing. pp. 13–38. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69099-5_2. ISBN 978-3-319-69099-5 . ^ a b Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min & Hipp, Andrew L. (2017-11-02). "Appendix 2.1: An updated infrageneric classification of the oaks" (xls) . figshare . doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.5547622.v1. Retrieved 2023-02-17 . ^ Borgardt, S. J.; Pigg, K. B. (1999). "Anatomical and developmental study of petrified Quercus (Fagaceae) fruits from the Middle Miocene, Yakima Canyon, Washington, USA". American Journal of Botany . 86 (3): 307–325. doi:10.2307/2656753. JSTOR 2656753. PMID 10077494. ^ Carrero, Christina; Jerome, Diana; Beckman, Emily; Byrne, Amy; Coombes, Allen J.; Deng, Min; González Rodríguez, Antonio; Sam, Hoang Van; Khoo, Eyen; Nguyen, Ngoc; Robiansyah, Iyan; Rodríguez Correa, Hernando; Sang, Julia; Song, Yi-Gang; Strijk, Joeri; Sugau, John; Sun, Weibang; Valencia-Ávalos, Susana & Westwood, Murphy (2020). The Red List of Oaks 2020 (PDF) . Lisle, IL: The Morton Arboretum. Retrieved 2023-02-24 . ^ Kershner, Bruce, and Craig Tufts. National Wildlife Federation Field Guide to Trees of North America . New York: Sterling Pub., 2008. Print. ^ a b Backs, J.R. & Ashley, M.V. (2021). "Quercus Conservation Genetics and Genomics: Past, Present, and Future". Forests . 12 (7): 882. doi:10.3390/f12070882 .
External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Quercus .
Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). "Quercus". Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden , St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria , Cambridge, MA. "Quercus". Flora of China – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden , St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria , Cambridge, MA. "Cyclobalanopsis". Flora of China – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden , St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria , Cambridge, MA.