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Stabat Mater

Pietro Perugino's depiction of Mary at the Cross, 1482. (National Gallery, Washington)

The Stabat Mater is a 13th-century Christian hymn to the Virgin Mary that portrays her suffering as mother during the crucifixion of her son Jesus Christ. Its author may be either the Franciscan friar Jacopone da Todi or Pope Innocent III.[1][2][3] The title comes from its first line, "Stabat Mater dolorosa", which means "the sorrowful mother was standing".[4]

The hymn is sung at the liturgy on the memorial of Our Lady of Sorrows. The Stabat Mater has been set to music by many Western composers.

Date

The Stabat Mater has often been ascribed to Jacopone da Todi (ca. 1230–1306), but this has been strongly challenged by the discovery of the earliest notated copy of the Stabat Mater in a 13th-century gradual belonging to the Dominican nuns in Bologna (Museo Civico Medievale MS 518, fo. 200v-04r).[5]

The Stabat Mater was well known by the end of the 14th century and Georgius Stella wrote of its use in 1388, while other historians note its use later in the same century. In Provence, about 1399, it was used during the nine days' processions.[6]

As a liturgical sequence, the Stabat Mater was suppressed, along with hundreds of other sequences, by the Council of Trent, but restored to the missal by Pope Benedict XIII in 1727 for the Feast of the Seven Dolours of the Blessed Virgin Mary.[7]

Text and translation

The Latin text below is from an 1853 Roman Breviary and is one of multiple extant versions of the poem.[8] The first English translation by Edward Caswall is not literal but preserves the trochaic tetrameter rhyme scheme and sense of the original text. The second English version is a more formal equivalence translation.

Indulgence

To the Stabat mater was attributed the indulgence of 100 days each time it was recited.[11]

Musical settings

Composers who have written settings of the Stabat Mater include:

Most settings are in Latin. Karol Szymanowski's setting is in Polish, although it may also be sung in Latin. George Oldroyd's setting is in Latin with an English translation for Anglican and Episcopalian use.

See also

References

  1. ^ Sabatier, Paul Life of St. Francis Assisi Charles Scribner Press, NY, 1919, page 286
  2. ^ The seven great hymns of the Mediaeval Church by Charles Cooper Nott 1868 ASIN: B003KCW2LA page 96
  3. ^ p. 574, Alighieri, Durling, Martinez (2003) Dante, Robert M., Ronald L. Oxford The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri: Purgatorio Volume 2 of The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri Oxford University Press. "The Stabat Mater by the Franciscan Jacopone da Todi."
  4. ^ Stabat Mater, Volume 68 by Girolamo Abos, Joseph Vella Bondin 2003 ISBN 0-89579-531-0 page xviii [1]
  5. ^ Cesarino Ruini, "Un antico versione dello Stabat Mater in un graduale delle Domenicane bolognesi," Deo è lo scrivano ch’el canto à ensegnato: Segni e simboli nella musica al tempo di Iacopone, Atti del Convegno internazionale, Collazzone, 7-8 luglio 2006, ed. Ernesto Sergio Mainoldi and Stefania Vitale, Philomusica On-line, 9, no. 3 (2010).
  6. ^  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Stabat Mater". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  7. ^ Heartz, Daniel (1995). Haydn, Mozart and the Viennese School: 1740-1780. W.W. Norton & Co. p. 305. ISBN 0-393-03712-6. Retrieved 3 April 2011.
  8. ^ "Stabat Mater Dolorosa and Speciosa". The Ultimate Stabat Mater Website. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  9. ^ Breviarum Romanum. Mechelen: H. Dessain. 1853. pp. 455–456, 460–461.
  10. ^ Caswall, Edward (1849). Lyra Catholica. London: James Burns. pp. 138–142.
  11. ^ Don Giovanni Bosco (1935). Il giovane provveduto per la pratica dei suoi doveri religiosi [The young man provided for the practice of his religious duties] (in Italian). Turin: International Publishing Company, Tipografia S.E.I. (M. E. 9736), c.so Regina Margherita, n. 176. pp. 341–342. new edition, enriched with prayers according to the catechism, Masses and antiphons in Gregorian chant, and authorized by Don Paolo Albera, Rector Major of the Pious Salesian Society
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Dvořák: Stabat Mater. Oratorio for Soloists, Chorus and Orchestra at Supraphon website.
  13. ^ Entry for Antoni Soler's Stabat Mater at The Ultimate Stabat Mater Site: A Musical Journey Through the Ages. [Accessed 16 December 2020].
  14. ^ "Kuula - The ultimate Stabat Mater site". The ultimate Stabat Mater site. Retrieved 2018-04-06.
  15. ^ "James MacMillan - Stabat Mater". Boosey & Hawkes. Retrieved 2017-04-14.
  16. ^ Stabat Mater for mezzo-soprano and male choir (2017)

External links

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Stabat Mater