Министр по делам короны и коренных народов ( фр . ministre des relations couronne-autochtones ) — министр короны в канадском кабинете министров , один из двух министров (второй — министр по делам севера ), которые управляют Министерством по делам короны и коренных народов и делам севера Канады (CIRNAC), департаментом правительства Канады , который отвечает за исполнение Закона об индейцах и других законодательных актов, касающихся «индейцев и земель, зарезервированных для индейцев » в соответствии с подпунктом 91(24) Закона о конституции 1867 года . Министр также в более широком плане отвечает за общие отношения между федеральным правительством и коренными народами , метисами и инуитами .
Гэри Анандасангари является действующим министром по делам короны и коренных народов с 26 июля 2023 года.
Текущая версия должности была создана вместе с министром по делам коренных народов , который руководит Министерством по делам коренных народов Канады , департаментом, отвечающим за здравоохранение, водоснабжение и другие услуги для коренных общин [5], когда премьер-министр Джастин Трюдо объявил 28 августа 2017 года, что федеральное правительство намерено упразднить Министерство по делам коренных народов и северных дел Канады . [5]
The applied title of the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development (DIAND), under the Federal Identity Program, is Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC). INAC is responsible for policies relating to Aboriginal peoples in Canada, that comprise the First Nations, Inuit and Métis. The title has been changed over the last decade from "Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development" to a working title of "Minister of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada" on May 18, 2011, during the cabinet shuffle under then-Prime Minister Stephen Harper,[6] and again to "Minister of Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada" during the 29th Canadian Ministry on November 4, 2015. The current working title under CIRNAC was introduced in the 29th Ministry on August 28, 2017, in which Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced that the Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada would be gradually abolished.[5]
According to their website, the mandate of the Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada (CIRNAC) is to "renew the nation-to-nation, Inuit-Crown, government-to-government relationship between Canada and First Nations, Inuit and Métis; modernize Government of Canada structures to enable Indigenous peoples to build capacity and support their vision of self-determination; and lead the Government of Canada's work in the North."[7]
In their July 5, 2018 document, CIRNAC wrote that the concept of Aboriginal nation in Canada, based on the 1996 Report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples (RCAP), refers to "a sizeable body of Aboriginal people with a shared sense of national identity that constitutes the predominant population in a certain territory or collection of territories. There are three elements in this definition: collective sense of identity; size as a measure of capacity; and territorial predominance. The first element, a collective sense of identity, can be based on a variety of factors. It is usually grounded in a common heritage, which comprises such elements as a common history, language, culture, traditions, political consciousness, laws, governmental structures, spirituality, ancestry, homeland or adherence to a particular treaty."[8]
According to the 1985 Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. I-6) [9] the term "Indian" remained in the department's legal name, although the term "Indigenous" is used in its applied title under the Federal Identity Program.[10][11]
According to a 2004 AADNC Government of Canada document, the term "First Nation", has been used since the 1970s instead of the word "Indian", which some people found offensive.[12][13] The term "Indian" is used for legal and historical documents such as Status Indians as defined by the Indian Act. For example, the term "Indian" continues to be used in the historical and legal document, the Canadian Constitution and federal statutes. The term "Aboriginal" is commonly used when referring to the three groups of Indigenous peoples as a whole, First Nations, Inuit and Métis.[13] It is also used by Aboriginal people who live within Canada who claim rights of sovereignty or Aboriginal title to lands.
In 1983, the Penner Report by the Special Parliamentary Committee on Indian Self-Government, chaired by Liberal MP Keith Penner, had recommended the phasing out of the Indian Act and the Department of Indian Affairs and the introduction of Native self-government.[14] Then-Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, had dismissed the report in 1984. Reports and commissions following the Penner Report including the "Report on the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples (1996), the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada Calls to Action (2015), the Principles Respecting the Government of Canada’s Relationship with Indigenous Peoples (2017), Recognition of Indigenous Rights and Self-Determination discussions, and the national engagement—[Recognition and Implementation of Indigenous Rights Framework (RIIRF)]—led by the Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations", confirmed that "changes are needed to ensure that policies effectively respond to the needs and interests of Indigenous communities" and that policies need to be aligned "with evolving laws and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, including the concept of free, prior and informed consent."[15] On February 14, 2018, during a speech in the House of Commons, Trudeau announced the formation of the Recognition and Implementation of Indigenous Rights Framework which was intended to "enshrine Section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982— which affirms Indigenous rights — in federal law" and to "fill the gap between federal government policies and multiple court decisions on Indigenous rights." It was to be undertaken in "full partnership with First Nations, Inuit, and Métis Peoples".[16][17][18][19][20]
In their Fourteenth Report released on December 3, 2018, the Standing Senate Committee on Aboriginal Peoples listed improvements, changes and concerns related to the relationship between CIRNAC and agencies such as the Lands Advisory Board also known as First Nations Land Management Resource Centre (FNLMRC), the First Nations Tax Commission (FNTC)[21][Notes 1] and the First Nations Financial Management Board [22][Notes 2][23]: A15 [24][25]
Prior to Canadian Confederation in 1867, the Indian Department for British North America was responsible for relations between the Crown and Indigenous peoples.
A superintendent-general of Indian affairs was in the Cabinet of Canada from 1867 until 1936 when the Minister of Mines and Resources became responsible for native affairs. In 1950, the Indian Affairs branch was transferred to the minister of citizenship and immigration, who had responsibility for "status Indians" until the creation of the position of minister of Indian affairs and northern development in 1966.[26]
Before 1966, the Northern Development portions of the portfolio were the responsibility of the minister of northern affairs and national resources.[26]
A 1983 House of Commons Committee recommended that Indian or First Nations communities be allowed to write their own membership code provided that the code did not violate fundamental human rights. A second report from the 1983 Penner Committee recommended the gradual abolition of the office of minister of Indian affairs and a transfer of responsibility for their own affairs to First Nations communities. Proposed changes died on the House of Commons' Order Paper at the end of the parliamentary session and have not been re-introduced.
До тех пор, пока поправки к Закону об индейцах в 1985 году не восстановили статус индейцев многим людям, чей статус был аннулирован по дискриминационным причинам, около половины лиц, утверждающих, что они индейцы, имели право быть зарегистрированными в качестве индейцев в соответствии с Законом об индейцах и получать льготы, зарезервированные для зарегистрированных индейцев в соответствии с Законом. В 1985 году статус был восстановлен для 100 000 человек, включая женщин, вышедших замуж за мужчин, которые не были индейцами по статусу, и их детей; людей, которые до 1961 года отказались от своего статуса индейца, чтобы иметь возможность голосовать на федеральных выборах, и их детей; людей, чьи матери и бабушки по отцовской линии не имели статуса до брака (эти люди теряли статус в 21 год), и их детей; и людей, которые были рождены вне брака от матерей со статусом и отцов без него, и их детей.
С июля 2004 года министру по делам индейцев и развитию северных территорий была поручена роль федерального представителя по делам метисов и индейцев без статуса одновременно.
К 2017 году CIRNAC и министр по делам коренных народов отвечали за отношения федерального правительства с коренными народами, инуитами и метисами. [7]
Министр имеет обязанности, полностью или частично, в соответствии с рядом законов: [27] (список может быть неполным)
Министр также является ведущим министром или ответственным министром за:
До 1966 года обязанности по делам индейцев в рамках этого портфеля лежали на министре гражданства и иммиграции ( Список ), а обязанности по развитию Севера — на министре северных дел и национальных ресурсов ( Список ).
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link){{cite conference}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)Комиссия по налогообложению коренных народов (FNTC) — это "государственное учреждение коренных народов с совместным управлением, которое поддерживает налогообложение коренных народов в соответствии с
Законом о налоговом управлении коренных народов
и разделом 83
Закона об индейцах
" .