Emissary sent to the Diaspora to raise funds for the Jewish settlement in the Land of Israel
A meshulach (Hebrew: מְשׁוּלָּח, romanized: meshullaḥ; plural: meshulachim), also known as a shaliach (Hebrew: שָלִיחַ, romanized: shali'aḥ)[1] or SHaDaR (Hebrew: שַׁדָּ״ר, acronym for שְׁלוּחָא דְרַבָּנָן),[note 1] was an emissary sent to the Diaspora to raise funds (ḥalukka) for the existence of the Jewish settlement in the Land of Israel. The institution of the Emissaries of the Land of Israel, which began in ancient times, developed and contributed greatly to the connection between Diaspora Judaism and the Jews in the Land of Israel, and to the cultural life of the Jewish communities.
Role of the meshulach
Often an individual meshulach may operate as an independent contractor for several different organizations, taking a portion of the proceeds as profit.
1718. Hayyim Jacob ben Jacob David: the Levant and Europe[3]: 877
1720. Ephraim ben Aaron Nabon: Italy[3]: 518
1730. David Capsoto: Holland[2]: 76
1730. Moses Hagiz: the Levant and Europe for a period of 50 years[4]
1740. Baruch Gad: Media and Persia[2]: 58
1740s–1749. Ḥayyim ben Elias Moda‘i
1750. Baruch of Austria[2]: 62
1750. Hayyim Joseph David Azulai (1724–1806): the Levant and Europe (including Egypt, Amsterdam, England, and Livorno, for 56 years. His Ma‘agal Yashar contains part of his itinerary)
1750. Hayyim Abraham Tzebi: Italy[2]: 115
1750. Hayyim Mordecai Tzebi: Italy, etc.[3]: 886
1750. Rahmim Nissim Mizrahi: the Levant and Italy[2]: 312
1759. Moses Malki: America[5]
1760. Hayyim Nissim Jeroham of Vilna: Germany[6]
1760. Yom-Ṭob al-Ghazi: the Levant and Italy[2]: 167
1760s. Ḥayyim ben Elias Moda‘i (1720–1794): Holland (wrote approbation to Pe’er ha-Dor) and elsewhere in Europe
^Publications of the American Jewish Historical Society. p. 18.
^Qiryah Ne'emanah. p. 114.
Bibliography
Avraham Yaari - Emissaries of the Land of Israel - The History of Missions from the Land to the Diaspora, from the destruction of the Second Temple to the Nineteenth Century, Hebrew, Jerusalem (1871. Reprinted in 1977; and in 1977, in two volumes).
Sheluhe de-rabanan, wide variety of pictures, books and other digital items related to Sheluhe de-rabanan from the National Library of Israel collections.