A mathematical constant is a key number whose value is fixed by an unambiguous definition, often referred to by a symbol (e.g., an alphabet letter), or by mathematicians' names to facilitate using it across multiple mathematical problems.[1] For example, the constant π may be defined as the ratio of the length of a circle's circumference to its diameter. The following list includes a decimal expansion and set containing each number, ordered by year of discovery.
The column headings may be clicked to sort the table alphabetically, by decimal value, or by set. Explanations of the symbols in the right hand column can be found by clicking on them.
List
Mathematical constants sorted by their representations as continued fractions
The following list includes the continued fractions of some constants and is sorted by their representations. Continued fractions with more than 20 known terms have been truncated, with an ellipsis to show that they continue. Rational numbers have two continued fractions; the version in this list is the shorter one. Decimal representations are rounded or padded to 10 places if the values are known.
Sequences of constants
See also
Notes
- ^ Both i and −i are roots of this equation, though neither root is truly "positive" nor more fundamental than the other as they are algebraically equivalent. The distinction between signs of i and −i is in some ways arbitrary, but a useful notational device. See imaginary unit for more information.
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Photograph, illustration, and description of the root(2) tablet from the Yale Babylonian Collection Archived 2012-08-13 at the Wayback MachineHigh resolution photographs, descriptions, and analysis of the root(2) tablet (YBC 7289) from the Yale Babylonian Collection
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Site MathWorld Wolfram.com
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- ^ a b Weisstein, Eric W. "Dottie Number". MathWorld.
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- ^ Weisstein, Eric W. "Golomb–Dickman Constant". MathWorld.
- ^ a b Weisstein, Eric W. "Lebesgue Constants". MathWorld.
- ^ Weisstein, Eric W. "Feller–Tornier Constant". MathWorld.
- ^ Weisstein, Eric W. "Champernowne Constant". MathWorld.
- ^ Weisstein, Eric W. "Salem Constants". MathWorld.
- ^ Weisstein, Eric W. "Khinchin's Constant". MathWorld.
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- ^ Weisstein, Eric W. "Copeland–Erdos Constant". MathWorld.
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- ^ Weisstein, Eric W. "Artin's Constant". MathWorld.
- ^ Weisstein, Eric W. "Porter's Constant". MathWorld.
- ^ Weisstein, Eric W. "Lochs' Constant". MathWorld.
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- ^ Weisstein, Eric W. "Niven's Constant". MathWorld.
- ^ Weisstein, Eric W. "Stephen's Constant". MathWorld.
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- ^ Weisstein, Eric W. "Reciprocal Fibonacci Constant". MathWorld.
- ^ a b Weisstein, Eric W. "Feigenbaum Constant". MathWorld.
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Site OEIS.org
Site OEIS Wiki
Bibliography
- Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). Pi Unleashed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4. Retrieved 2013-06-05. English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
- Jensen, Johan Ludwig William Valdemar (1895), "Note numéro 245. Deuxième réponse. Remarques relatives aux réponses du MM. Franel et Kluyver", L'Intermédiaire des Mathématiciens, II: 346–347
- Cuyt, Annie A.M.; Petersen, Vigdis; Verdonk, Brigitte; Waadeland, Haakon; Jones, William B. (2008). "Mathematical constants". Handbook of Continued Fractions for Special Functions. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer Science + Business Media. ISBN 9781402069499.
- Borwein, Jonathan; van der Poorten, Alf; Shallit, Jeffrey; Zudilin, Wadim (2014). Neverending Fractions: An Introduction to Continued Fractions. Australian Mathematical Society Lecture Series. Vol. 23. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521186490. ISSN 0950-2815.
Further reading
- Wolfram, Stephen. "4: Systems Based on Numbers". A New Kind of Science. Section 5: Mathematical Constants — Continued fractions.
External links
- Inverse Symbolic Calculator, Plouffe's Inverter
- Constants – from Wolfram MathWorld
- On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS)
- Steven Finch's page of mathematical constants
- Xavier Gourdon and Pascal Sebah's page of numbers, mathematical constants and algorithms