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Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam

"Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam" ("Christ our Lord came to the Jordan") is a Lutheran hymn about baptism by Martin Luther, written in 1541 and published in 1543. It has been set in many musical compositions, including cantatas and chorale preludes by Johann Sebastian Bach.

History of the hymn text

Luther wrote the hymn focused on baptism as part of his teaching about Lutheran concepts, possibly as the last hymn he wrote.[1] Luther held sermons about baptism in the Easter week of 1540; it seems likely that he wrote the hymn in that context. It is closely connected to Luther's teaching about baptism in his Small Catechism, reflecting the structure of his questions and answers.[1][2]

Several later publications refer to the year 1541 as a first publication as a broadsheet, which did not survive.[1] The hymn appeared in 1543, summarized "A Spiritual Song of our Holy Baptism, which is a fine summary of What it is? Who established it? What are its benefits?"[1] ("Ein Geistlich Lied von unser heiligen Tauffe, darin fein kurtz gefasset, was sie sey? Wer sie gestifftet habe? Was sie nütze?"). In the Lutheran liturgy, the hymn was related to the feast day of John the Baptist.[3] In the current Protestant hymnal, Evangelisches Gesangbuch, it appears as EG 202.

Melody

The hymn tune, Zahn No. 7246,[4] in the Dorian mode,[5][6] is older than the text and appeared already in 1524 in Johann Walter's choral hymnal Eyn geystlich Gesangk Buchleyn with the hymn "Es wolle Gott uns gnädig sein" (a paraphrase of Psalm 67).[1][2][7] When Luther looked for a melody for the new baptism hymn, "Es wolle Gott uns gnädig sein" was already assigned a different melody. It made sense to use a tune for a hymn about God's grace for a specific expression of that grace in baptism.[1] Walter revised the four-part setting from 1524 with the melody in the tenor, adapting it to the different text. It was published in 1550.[8]

Below is the melody first published in 1524:

{ \key c \major \time 72/2 \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo 2=100 \set Staff.midiInstrument = "english horn" \override Score.TimeSignature #'transparent = ##t \override Score.BarNumber #'transparent = ##t \repeat unfold 2 { d'1 f'2 g' a' g' c'' b' a'1 \bar "|" r2 g' c'' b' a' g' f' e' d'1 \bar "||" } r2 d' g' g' e' a' a' gis' a'1 \bar "|" r2 a' d'' d'' e'' c''4 d''2 c''4 b'2 a'1 \bar "|" r2 b' c'' b' a' g' a' f' e'1 \bar "|" r2 d' f' g' a' f'4 g'2 f'4 e'2 d'1 \bar "|" r2 d'' d'' d'' e'' d'' c'' b' a'\breve\fermata \bar "|."}

Text

The Baptism of Christ from Luther's Small Catechism, 1550

Below is the text of Luther's hymn with the English translation by George Macdonald.[9]

Use in musical compositions

Beginning of Bach's chorale prelude BWV 684

The hymn has been set in many choral and organ compositions. A four-part setting by Wolf Heintz was used to introduce the Reformation in Halle in 1541.[2] Choral settings include works by Hans Leo Hassler, Johann Hermann Schein and Samuel Scheidt; while organ settings include a Ricercar by Michael Praetorius and chorale preludes by Hieronymus Praetorius, Dieterich Buxtehude (BuxWV 180) and Johann Pachelbel.

Johann Sebastian Bach composed the chorale cantata Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam, BWV 7, for Johannistag, the feast day of John the Baptist.[3][10][11] The last verse of the hymn is the closing chorale of cantata Es ist ein trotzig und verzagt Ding, BWV 176. The melody was also used as the cantus firmus of two chorale preludes for organ in his Clavier-Übung III: BWV 684, a four-part setting for two manuals and pedal; and BWV 685 for single manual.[12]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Leaver, Robin (2007). Luther's Liturgical Music. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 135–141. ISBN 978-0-8028-3221-4.
  2. ^ a b c Brown, Christopher Boyd (2005). Singing the Gospel: Lutheran Hymns and the Success of the Reformation. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01705-4.
  3. ^ a b "Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam". Bach Cantatas Website. 2006. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  4. ^ Zahn, Johannes (1891). Die Melodien der deutschen evangelischen Kirchenlieder (in German). Vol. IV. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann. pp. 344–345.
  5. ^ Franke, Wilhelm (1898). Theorie und Praxis des harmonischen Tonsatzes (in German). Georg Olms Verlag. p. 159. ISBN 978-3-487-41490-4.
  6. ^ "Chorale Melodies used in Bach's Vocal Works / Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam". bach-cantatas.com. 2006. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  7. ^ "Information der Schweizer Liturgiekommission" (PDF) (in German). Schweizer Liturgiekommission. p. 29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-06-21. Retrieved 2015-06-21.
  8. ^ Hahn, Gerhard; Henkys, Jürgen, eds. (2013). "202 Christ, unser Herr, zum Jordan kam". Liederkunde zum Evangelischen Gesangbuch. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. pp. 22–29. ISBN 978-3-647-50341-7.
  9. ^ Terry, Charles Sanford (1921), Bach's Chorals, vol. III, Cambridge, The University Press
  10. ^ Hofmann, Klaus (2002). "Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam, BWV 7 / Christ our Lord came to the Jordan" (PDF). Bach Cantatas Website. p. 8. Retrieved 17 June 2012.
  11. ^ Dahn, Luke (2024). "BWV 7.7". bach-chorales.com. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
  12. ^ Williams, Peter (2003), The Organ Music of J. S. Bach (2nd ed.), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-89115-9

Further reading

External links

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