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Маспет, Квинс

Маспет — жилой и коммерческий район в районе Квинс в Нью - Йорке . Он был основан в начале 17 века голландскими и английскими поселенцами. Районы, граничащие с Маспетом, - это Вудсайд на севере; Саннисайд на северо-западе; Гринпойнт, Бруклин на западе; Восточный Вильямсбург, Бруклин на юго-западе; Свежий пруд и Риджвуд на юге; и Мидл-Виллидж и Элмхерст на востоке.

Маспет расположен в 5-м округе Квинса , его почтовый индекс — 11378. [3] Его патрулирует 104-й участок полиции Нью-Йорка . [6] В политическом отношении Маспет представлен 29-м и 30-м округами городского совета Нью-Йорка . [7]

История

A westward view at the Maspeth Creek
Маспет-Крик, смотрит на запад, в сторону Ньютаун-Крик.

Название «Маспет» происходит от имени коренных американцев Меспитчей , одного из 13 основных племен, населявших Лонг-Айленд . Это переводится как «разливная приливная река», как это определил Уильям Уоллес Тукер [8] , или означает «в месте с плохой водой», относящееся к множеству застойных болот, существовавших в этом районе. [9]

Территория, известная сегодня как Маспет, была зафрахтована жителями Новых Нидерландов и британскими поселенцами в начале 17 века. Голландцы приобрели землю в районе, известном сегодня как Квинс , в 1635 году и через несколько лет начали арендовать города. В 1642 году они поселились в Маспате на основании хартии, предоставленной преподобному Фрэнсису Даути , что сделало Маспет первым английским поселением в Квинсе. [10]

Документ, подписанный между коренными американцами и поселенцами, был первым, подписанным на Лонг-Айленде. В рамках подписания документа «Патент Ньютауна» предоставил поселенцам 13 000 акров (5 300 га). [11] Конфликты с племенем маспат вынудили многих поселенцев переехать на территорию нынешнего Элмхерста в 1643 году. [12] В следующем году поселение было разрушено в результате нападения коренных американцев, и выжившие поселенцы вернулись на Манхэттен.

В 1652 году поселенцы отважились вернуться в этот район, заселив территорию немного вглубь страны от предыдущего местоположения Маспата. Этот новый район назывался Миддлбург и в конечном итоге превратился в нынешний Элмхерст, граничащий с Маспетом. Первоначально 28 английских квакеров основали деревню Маспет, которая имела значительные водные и мукомольные предприятия вдоль Ньютаун-Крик и Маспет-Крик . [11] Два кладовщика, Натаниэль Хазард и Фрэнсис Т. Уайт, к концу 18 века продавали еду и одежду в доках Маспет-Тауна, на том месте, где сейчас находится 56-я Терраса и Ржавая улица. После Войны за независимость в США жители деревни ремонтировали дороги измельченными раковинами устриц или деревянными досками . [11]

Колумбусвилл - это название, которое раньше применялось к части Маспета. Это было развитие Эдварда Данна, которое происходило на 69-й площади, первоначально известной как Ферт-авеню, между Гранд-авеню и Колдуэлл-авеню в 1854–1855 годах, и впоследствии было поглощено Маспетом. Название вышло из употребления в 1890-х годах. [13]

То, что было Лорел Хилл в постколониальную эпоху, превратилось в Западный Маспет, ограниченный Голгофским кладбищем, а затем скоростной автомагистралью Бруклин-Куинс на западе, скоростной автомагистралью Куинс-Мидтаун на севере, 58-й улицей на востоке и 56-й дорогой. и отделение Монтаукской железной дороги Лонг-Айленда на юге. Бульвар Лорел Хилл (56-я дорога) является остатком предыдущего названия района, [14] хотя все следы бывшей железнодорожной станции Лорел Хилл исчезли.

После волн иммиграции в 19 веке в Маспете с 1925 по 1939 год находился трущобный городок цыган Бояш (Лудар) , хотя в конечном итоге он был снесен бульдозером. [15] К 1970-м годам этот район стал домом преимущественно для жителей Германии, Ирландии, Литвы и Польши. Маспет считался относительно безопасным по сравнению с другими районами Нью-Йорка, где наблюдался рост преступности, и в Маспете часто проживало несколько поколений одной и той же семьи. [16]

Демография

Согласно данным переписи населения США 2010 года , население Маспета составляло 30 516 человек, что на 1600 (5,5%) больше, чем 28 916 человек, подсчитанных в 2000 году . Занимая площадь 818,44 акра (331,21 га), плотность населения района составляла 37,3 человека на акр (23 900 человек на квадратную милю; 9 200 человек на км 2 ). [1]

Расовый состав района составлял 59,2% (18 080) белых , 0,8% (253) афроамериканцев , 0,1% (31) коренных американцев , 12,0% (3676) азиатов , 0,0% (1) жителей островов Тихого океана , 0,4% (115) от других рас и 0,8% (245) от двух и более рас. Латиноамериканцы или латиноамериканцы любой расы составляли 26,6% (8 115) населения. [4]

Согласно данным NYC Health 's Health Profile за 2018 год, во всем Общественном совете 5, в который входят Маспет, Риджвуд, Мидл-Виллидж и Глендейл, проживало 166 924 человека, а средняя продолжительность жизни составляла 81,4 года. [17] : 2, 20  Это примерно равно средней продолжительности жизни 81,2 года для всех районов Нью-Йорка. [18] : 53 (PDF, стр. 84)  [19] Большинство жителей — молодежь и взрослые среднего возраста: 22% — в возрасте от 0 до 17 лет, 31% — от 25 до 44 лет и 26% — от 45 до 64 лет. Соотношение жителей студенческого возраста и пожилых людей было ниже - 8% и 13% соответственно. [17] : 2 

По состоянию на 2017 год средний доход семьи в Общественном совете 5 составлял 71 234 доллара. [20] По оценкам, в 2018 году 19% жителей Маспета и Риджвуда жили в бедности по сравнению с 19% во всем Квинсе и 20% во всем Нью-Йорке. Каждый семнадцатый житель (6%) был безработным по сравнению с 8% в Квинсе и 9% в Нью-Йорке. Бремя арендной платы, или процент жителей, которые испытывают трудности с оплатой арендной платы, составляет 46% в Маспете и Риджвуде, что ниже, чем показатели по району и городу, составляющие 53% и 51% соответственно. Согласно этим расчетам, по состоянию на 2018 год Маспет, Риджвуд, Мидл-Виллидж и Глендейл считаются районами с высоким доходом по сравнению с остальной частью города и не подвергаются джентрификации . [17] : 7 

Большинство людей, живущих в Маспете, имеют польское , итальянское или ирландское происхождение. Это отражено во многих предприятиях в этом районе, таких как ирландские пабы, а также специализированные итальянские и польские магазины и рынки. [21] Многие люди восточноевропейского , немецкого , китайского или латиноамериканского происхождения (в основном пуэрториканцы из соседнего Риджвуда ) также переехали в этот район. [5] [22] [23] Польское население в Маспете относительно велико; агломерация Нью-Йорка является домом для второй по величине общины американцев польского происхождения после Чикаго. [24]

Землепользование

The Bushwick Branch, a single-track railroad, crosses Flushing Avenue on a bridge and then goes into the Maspeth Industrial Center, an industrial building
Ветка Бушвикской железной дороги Лонг-Айленда , предназначенная только для грузовых перевозок, проходит через промышленный центр Маспета.
Flushing Avenue runs in a cut under the Bushwick Branch
Флашинг-авеню , идущая ниже Бушвик-Бранч.
Бушвикский филиал проходит через Флашинг-авеню.

Маспет предназначен для различных целей. Территория, состоящая из 43-й и 58-й улиц, включая бывший остров Фурман, представляет собой в основном промышленную низменность. Кварталы от 60-й до 74-й улицы в основном жилые, но на Гранд-авеню есть небольшое промышленное присутствие. [23] [25]

Промышленный

Корпорация Phelps Dodge присутствовала с 1920 по 1983 год, во время которых вещества из их помещений загрязнили Ньютаун-Крик , который отделяет северный Бруклин от западного Квинса и обслуживает движение барж. В 2000-х годах политики начали предпринимать усилия по очистке ручьев Ньютаун и Маспет. [23]

Движение грузовых поездов осуществляется по ветке Монтаук железной дороги Лонг-Айленда и малоиспользуемой ветке Бушвик , оба из которых используются Нью-Йоркской и Атлантической железной дорогой . LIRR Bay Ridge Branch , железнодорожная ветка, предназначенная только для грузовых перевозок, отделяет район от Элмхерста и Мидл-Виллидж. [22] Новая железнодорожная грузовая станция Вест-Маспет была предложена в связи с железнодорожным туннелем Кросс-Харбор, чтобы уменьшить движение грузовых автомобилей через Нью-Йорк. Против этого выступают жители, которые не хотят, чтобы в Маспете было больше грузовиков. [21]

Бензобаки Элмхерста раньше располагались в этом районе и были снесены в 2001 году. Сейчас на них находится парк Элмхерст. [26] Бензобаки Маспета также находились в этом районе, пока их не снесли. [22]

Жилой и коммерческий

Большую часть Маспета составляют одно- и многоквартирные дома. Здесь мало многоквартирных домов, за исключением кооперативов Ridgewood Gardens на 65-й улице. [25] Дома в Маспете стоят от 400 до 600 тысяч долларов. [21] Одна особенно примечательная группа домов в этом районе представляет собой группу 2- и 3-этажных зданий из оранжевого и желтого кирпича, расположенных между Гранд-авеню, 79-й улицей и Каламус-авеню. Они были изготовлены для компании Mathews и построены в 1930 году Луисом Аллмендингером. [22]

Большая часть торговли в этом районе расположена вдоль Гранд-авеню . [23] [25]

Район, который почти изолирован окружающими его промышленными районами и кладбищами , по описанию некоторых жителей, имеет атмосферу маленького городка. Он разделен пополам скоростной автомагистралью Лонг-Айленда , известной как LIE, хотя две части Маспета соединены несколькими переездами через скоростную автомагистраль. [21] Существует множество общественных организаций, которые, среди прочего, сохранили характер маленького городка; например, они заблокировали строительство Home Depot на месте нынешнего парка Элмхерст . [23]

Кладбища

Мемориал фабрики треугольных рубашек , кладбище на горе Сион

Cemeteries take up another large part of Maspeth, although they are separated from residential areas for the most part. The Mount Olivet Cemetery, the largest cemetery in the neighborhood, is located on a high hill in Maspeth and used to be an outer-borough vacation site. Mount Olivet Cemetery was planned on March 26, 1850, when James Maurice held a meeting at his Maspeth house to discuss the formation of the cemetery. Notable interments in the cemetery include cosmetics magnate Helena Rubinstein Courielli and sixteen victims of the 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire.[11][27] The adjoining Mount Zion Cemetery contains a memorial to the victims of the fire.[28]

Police and crime

Maspeth, Ridgewood, Middle Village, and Glendale are patrolled by the 104th Precinct of the NYPD, located at 64–02 Catalpa Avenue.[6] The 104th Precinct ranked 21st safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010. However, the precinct covers a large diamond-shaped area, and Maspeth and Middle Village are generally seen as safer than Ridgewood.[29] As of 2018, with a non-fatal assault rate of 19 per 100,000 people, Maspeth and Ridgewood's rate of violent crimes per capita is less than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 235 per 100,000 people is lower than that of the city as a whole.[17]: 8 

The 104th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 87.4% between 1990 and 2018. The precinct reported 2 murders, 17 rapes, 140 robberies, 168 felony assaults, 214 burglaries, 531 grand larcenies, and 123 grand larcenies auto in 2018.[30]

Fire safety

Firehouse on Metropolitan Avenue

Maspeth contains a New York City Fire Department (FDNY) fire station, Squad 288/Hazardous Materials Co. 1, at 56–29 68th Street.[31][32] Another fire station, Engine Co. 291/Ladder Co. 140, is located at 56–07 Metropolitan Avenue in Ridgewood, just outside the Maspeth border.[33]

The firehouse of Squad 288/Hazmat 1 was designed by Morgan & Trainer and opened in 1914.[34] During the September 11 attacks in 2001, Squad 288/Hazmat 1 were among the first to respond. The firehouse lost 19 firefighters in the collapse of the towers, the largest loss from any firehouse in the city.[35][36] The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission considered the firehouse for official city landmark status in 2013.[34]

Health

As of 2018, preterm births and births to teenage mothers are less common in Maspeth and Ridgewood than in other places citywide. In Maspeth and Ridgewood, there were 70 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 17.6 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births, compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide.[17]: 11  Maspeth and Ridgewood have a low population of residents who are uninsured. In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 13%, slightly higher than the citywide rate of 12%.[17]: 14 

The concentration of fine particulate matter, the deadliest type of air pollutant, in Maspeth and Ridgewood is 0.008 milligrams per cubic metre (8.0×10−9 oz/cu ft), more than the city average.[17]: 9  Twenty percent of Maspeth and Ridgewood residents are smokers, which is higher than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers.[17]: 13  In Maspeth and Ridgewood, 19% of residents are obese, 7% are diabetic, and 20% have high blood pressure—compared to the citywide averages of 22%, 8%, and 23% respectively.[17]: 16  In addition, 19% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%.[17]: 12 

Ninety-two percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is higher than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 78% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", equal to the city's average of 78%.[17]: 13  For every supermarket in Maspeth and Ridgewood, there are 5 bodegas.[17]: 10 

The nearest major hospital is Elmhurst Hospital Center in Elmhurst.[37]

Post office and ZIP Code

Maspeth is covered by ZIP Code 11378.[38] The United States Post Office operates the Maspeth Station at 55–02 69th Street.[39]

Economy

Hagstrom Map, the best-selling brand of road maps in the New York metropolitan area from the mid-20th to early 21st century, was based in Maspeth.[40]

Community institutions

The Maspeth Town Hall community center is located on 72nd Street.[21] A one-room schoolhouse between 1897 and 1932, it was then occasionally used by a local girls' club and the Works Progress Administration until 1936. It was a New York City Police Department precinct until 1971. The building was renovated and made into a community center in 1972.[41]

Other neighborhood institutions include the local Chamber of Commerce, the Lions Club, and the Maspeth Federal Savings Bank.[21]

Parks and plazas

The Metropolitan Oval

A September 11 memorial has been erected at 69th Street and Grand Avenue to commemorate the local FDNY Squad 288 and HAZMAT 1 firehouse's casualties from the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center, which were the largest of any FDNY unit.[41][42] The monument, adjacent to the LIE, faces the World Trade Center site, where the One World Trade Center can be seen. An annual memorial ceremony is held at the monument on September 11.[43] The Walk of Honor, unveiled on Memorial Day 2006, is also in the square, and honors activists and visionaries who lived in the area.[11]

Public parks, operated by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, include the Frontera Park at 69th Street and the LIE,[44] as well as Principe Park at Maurice and 54th Avenues.[45] Traditionally known as Maurice Park, it was renamed in 2005 in tribute to the community leader Frank Principe, who played a key role in its creation and continued welfare throughout his life.[46]

The smallest park in New York City, Luke J. Lang Square, is located at the triangle caused by the intersection of Fresh Pond Road, 59th Road, and 61st Street.[47] The park, which honors a local resident who died in World War I, occupies 0.001 acres (0.00040 ha) of land.[48] Luke J. Lang Square consists of hedges, but formerly contained "a flagpole, several benches, and three Norway maples."[49] Another very small park, Garlinge Triangle at Grand and 57th Avenues, honors other residents who died in World War I.[49] It is named after Private Walter A. Garlinge, the first Maspeth resident to die during the war.[50]

Maspeth is also home to the Metropolitan Oval, a playing field for soccer players, which contains a view of the Manhattan skyline.[51]

At Grand Avenue and the LIE, a plaque to "Horse Cars Rest Stop" exists. There used to be a horse cart barn at Brown Place, one block east of Grand Avenue.[22] It is now Peter Charles Park, a small pocket park.[52] When the LIE was built in the 1950s, it also demolished many streets; the construction of the LIE left many small triangular plazas behind, such as at 57th Road and 73rd Place, where the "Quick Brown Fox Park", another pocket park, is located. The park is named after a story about a quick brown fox.[22]

Points of interest

A traffic island where Flushing and Grand Avenues split
The intersection of Flushing Avenue and Grand Avenue, where a sign marks the separation of former streetcar lines

A sign at the intersection of Flushing, Grand, and Maspeth Avenues marks the place where streetcar lines (now the B57, Q58, Q59 bus routes) used to split.[22][41]

On the front yard of the Church of the Transfiguration on Perry Avenue, a replica of a Lithuanian roadside shrine has stood since 1981.[22][41]

St. Saviour's Church, built in 1847 at Rust Street and 57th Drive, was located on land formerly owned by lawyer and politician James Maurice.[22][41] After a 1970 arson, it was cleaned up. However, by 2005, developers bought the church in order to demolish it, since the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission had refused to landmark the church. This was largely opposed; however, its facade was torn apart, disassembled, and stored at All Faiths Cemetery by 2008. Despite community effort, led by the Juniper Park Civic Association, to make a park on the site, by 2011, the church's former site had become warehouses,[53] while provisions for a new site for the church in All Faiths Cemetery had been approved.[54]

The Ridgewood Gardens apartment/co-op complex, on a hill known as the Ridgewood Plateau,[55] was built on 72 acres (29 ha) woods owned by James Maurice and donated to the Episcopal Church in 1850. Maurice Woods was bounded by Maurice Avenue, Jay Avenue, 66th Street, and Borden Avenue. 53rd Avenue went down a slope to 64th Street. The apartment complex was built later.[22] It is notable for a step street that descends the hill, as well as for a very old, graffiti-covered lamppost on that street.[55]

James Maurice used to live at a home at 1 Hill Street. It was sold in 1909.[41]

The house where Anton Fausner's wheelwright and wagonmaker's shop was located is on Grand Avenue just south of the LIE. Later, an auto shop, Maspeth Auto Parts, was located in that building. In 2006, that house was torn down and replaced by a bank.[22][56] The wheelwright was patronized by farmers from Long Island who stayed at the Queens County Hotel, built in 1851 along Grand Avenue, on their way to the markets.[41]

A bus depot with buses entering
MTA bus depot

The Maspeth Theater, the neighborhood's largest theater in the 1920s, was built in 1924 at Grand Avenue and 69th Street by Straus and Strausberg, with 1,161 seats. It was owned by three companies before closing in 1965. Notable performers included Judy Garland.[22][41] There were also many other theaters in Maspeth in the 1920s.[22]

A former Maspeth supermarket, Wielback's Grocery—one of the oldest in the area—then became Griff's Hardware. In 2000, the building became Griff's Laundry, a laundromat that closed less than ten years later and was slated for demolition.[41] The building was notable for a neon sign on its facade.[57]

At Clinton Hall, a 1920s-built venue that had interior balconies and a large chandelier, there is now a laboratory and industrial offices. It is named after a mansion built by Judge Joseph Sackett. Sackett had built a wood-framed mansion behind the hall; later, New York Governor DeWitt Clinton planned the Erie Canal. The lands of the Sackett-Clinton House, as the mansion was called, were turned into a park by 1910, and the mansion burned down in 1933.[41]

The Clinton Diner, at Maspeth and Maurice Avenues, was built in 1935 and appeared in the movie Goodfellas among others films.[41] The diner was destroyed by fire in 2018.[58] The Queens Head Tavern, nearby, was an American Revolutionary War-era tavern and was used as a stagecoach stop later on.[41]

Notable streets

Education

Maspeth and Ridgewood generally have a lower rate of college-educated residents than the rest of the city as of 2018. While 33% of residents age 25 and older have a college education or higher, 16% have less than a high school education and 50% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 39% of Queens residents and 43% of city residents have a college education or higher.[17]: 6  The percentage of Maspeth and Ridgewood students excelling in math rose from 36% in 2000 to 67% in 2011, and reading achievement rose from 42% to 49% during the same time period.[59]

Maspeth and Ridgewood's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is less than the rest of New York City. In Maspeth and Ridgewood, 14% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year, lower than the citywide average of 20%.[18]: 24 (PDF p. 55) [17]: 6  Additionally, 82% of high school students in Maspeth and Ridgewood graduate on time, more than the citywide average of 75%.[17]: 6 

Schools

Refer to caption
PS 58
Refer to caption
PS 153

New York City Department of Education operates public schools.

Private schools in the area include:

Library

The Queens Public Library's Maspeth branch is located at 69–70 Grand Avenue.[66]

Transportation

Maspeth is devoid of direct transit connections to Manhattan, as there are no New York City Subway stations and no express bus stops in Maspeth. Local buses provide connections to the subway, but off-peak service on these buses is often unreliable.[67][68] Local bus routes include:

The narrow Grand Street Bridge carries Grand Street eastward across the English Kills and Newtown Creek from Williamsburg where it becomes Grand Avenue, Maspeth's main street for dining and business. Grand Avenue continues eastward to end at Queens Boulevard in Elmhurst.[22] There is also access to I-278, the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway and I-495, the Long Island Expressway. The former crosses the Newtown Creek on the Kosciuszko Bridge.[70]

Notable people

References

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  59. ^ IS 73 The Frank Sansivieri Intermediate School
  60. ^ PS 58
  61. ^ PS 153
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  70. ^ Andres, Czarinna. "Progressive Candidate Juan Ardila Wins 37th Assembly Seat", SunnysidePost, June 29, 2022. Accessed January 3, 2023. "Juan Ardila, a Maspeth native and the only progressive in the race, has won the Democratic primary for the Assembly District 37 seat that covers Long Island City, Maspeth, Ridgewood and Sunnyside."
  71. ^ June Blum, Brooklyn Museum. Accessed June 15, 2016. "June Blum was born in Maspeth, New York, in 1929."
  72. ^ Martin, Douglas. "A Nazi Past, a Queens Home Life, an Overlooked Death", The New York Times, December 2, 2005. Accessed June 15, 2016. "At the time she was discovered, Mrs. Ryan was living as the wife of an electrical construction worker in Maspeth, where she was known for her scrupulous housecleaning and friendly manner."
  73. ^ Krenke, Lt. Col. Ellen. "Former ANG director passes away at 88", National Guard of the United States, January 13, 2010. Accessed June 15, 2016. "Pesch was born in Maspeth, N.Y., in 1921."
  74. ^ Rennison, Billy. "Vincent Piazza dishes on going from Queens to the 'Boardwalk'", Queens Courier, September 14, 2012. Accessed May 22, 2016. "Vincent Piazza — born in Middle Village before moving to neighboring Maspeth shortly thereafter, where his family still lives — grew up watching the films of Martin Scorsese, never imagining he would one day be directed by the film giant."
  75. ^ Greater Astoria Historical Society. "How a Maspeth boy became 'The Last Don'", TimesLedger, January 24, 2016. Accessed June 15, 2016. "One of three boys raised in Maspeth, Massino claimed he was a juvenile delinquent by age 12 and he was a high school dropout at age 15."
  76. ^ Jimmy Ring, Society for American Baseball Research. Accessed October 11, 2021. "He was buried in St. John Cemetery in Middle Village, a neighborhood in central Queens, not far from the Maspeth area where he had lived in retirement."
  77. ^ "John Seery". Sky Gallery. Accessed October 16, 2022. "John Seery (born 1941) is an American artist who is associated with the lyrical abstraction movement. He was born in Maspeth, New York, was raised in Flushing, Queens and as a teen, moved to Cincinnati, Ohio."
  78. ^ Sheridan, Dick. "Home, Sweet Home Boro Native Writes About What He Knows & Loves", New York Daily News, November 8, 1999. Accessed December 31, 2016. "People and places he recalls from his growing-up years in Maspeth – where his mother and one of his two brothers still live – appear in many of his works, including How to Get a Date in Queens and Gangster Apparel."

External links