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Пампанга

Пампанга , официально провинция Пампанга ( Kapampangan : Lalawigan ning Pampanga ; тагальский : Lalawigan ng Pampanga IPA: [pɐmˈpaŋɡa] pəm- PAHNG -ga ), — ​​провинция в Центральном регионе Лусона на Филиппинах . Расположенная на северном берегу Манильского залива , Пампанга граничит с Тарлаком на севере, Нуэва-Эсихой на северо-востоке, Булаканом на востоке, Манильским заливом на центральном юге, Батааном на юго-западе и Замбалесом на западе. Столица — город Сан-Фернандо . Анхелес-Сити является крупнейшим LGU, но, хотя географически он находится в Пампанге, он классифицируется как первоклассный высокоурбанизированный город и управляется независимо от провинции с момента получения статуса города в 1964 году.

Название Ла Пампанга было дано испанцами, встретившими туземцев, живших по берегам ( пампанг ) реки Пампанга . Его создание в 1571 году делает его первой испанской провинцией на острове Лусон ( Себу в Висайских островах старше, поскольку он был основан испанцами в 1565 году). Город Вилья-де-Баколор в провинции некоторое время служил испанской колониальной столицей, когда Великобритания вторглась в Манилу в рамках Семилетней войны . Накануне Филиппинской революции 1896 года Пампанга была одной из восьми провинций, в которых было введено военное положение из-за восстания против Испанской империи ; Таким образом, на национальном флаге Филиппин он изображен как один из восьми лучей солнца.

Пампангу обслуживает международный аэропорт Кларк (бывший международный аэропорт Диосдадо Макапагал ), который находится в зоне Кларк-Фрипорт , примерно в 16 км (9,9 миль) к северу от столицы провинции. В провинции расположены две авиабазы ​​ВВС Филиппин : авиабаза Баса во Флоридабланке и бывшая авиабаза США Кларк в Анхелесе. Из-за растущего населения и развития Кларк Глобал Сити в настоящее время развит и расположен в зоне Кларк Фрипорт . В 2015 году в провинции проживало 2 198 110 жителей [3] , а зарегистрированных избирателей было 1 079 532. [4]

История

Испанская колониальная эпоха

Исторический памятник, созданный Национальным историческим институтом в 1982 году в память о провинции и установленный в столице провинции.

Территориальная территория древней Пампанги включала части современных провинций Тарлак , Батаан , Замбалес , Нуэва-Эсиха , Булакан , Аврора и Тондо; т.е. охватывал почти весь Центральный Лусон. [5] Когда испанцы прибыли на Лусон, они обнаружили, что Пампанга густонаселена и имеет несколько городов, а также три замка или форта, защищающие Пампангу. [6] Пампанга была реорганизована испанцами в провинцию 11 декабря 1571 года. Провинция Ла-Пампанга включала в себя упомянутые выше территории, за исключением Тондо, а также части современных провинций Аврора, Кесон (включая острова Полилло ) и Ризал. (Пампанга также включала часть метро Манилы , то есть Валенсуэлы , которая раньше была известна как Поло, тогда город в Булакане). [5] В целях лучшего управления и налогообложения испанские власти разделили Пампангу на пуэбло , которые в дальнейшем подразделялись на районы ( барриос ), а в некоторых случаях на королевские и частные поместья ( энкомьендас ).

Из-за чрезмерных злоупотреблений, допущенных некоторыми энкомендеро , король Испании Филипп II в 1574 году запретил дальнейшее раздачу частных владений, но этот указ не был полностью приведен в исполнение до 1620 года. В отчете филиппинских энкомендос от 20 июня 1591 года генерал-губернатор Гомес Перес Дасмариньяс сообщил короне, что энкомьендами Ла Пампанги были Батаан, Бетис и Лубао, Макабебе, Кандаба, Апалит, Калумпит, Малолос, Бинто, Гигинто, Калуя, Булакан и Мекабаян . Энкомьенды Ла Пампанги в то время имели восемнадцать тысяч шестьсот восемьдесят целых дани.

Пампанга, площадь которой составляет около 850 квадратных миль (2200 км 2 ) и в которой проживает более 1,5 миллиона человек, получила свои нынешние границы в 1873 году. Во время испанского режима это была одна из самых богатых филиппинских провинций. Манила и окружающий ее регион тогда в первую очередь зависели от продукции сельского хозяйства, рыболовства и лесного хозяйства Капампангана, а также от поставок квалифицированной рабочей силы. Поскольку другие провинции Лусона были созданы из-за увеличения населения, некоторые хорошо зарекомендовавшие себя города Пампанги были потеряны из-за новых развивающихся провинций в Центральном Лусоне.

В 17 веке голландцы вербовали мужчин из Пампанги в качестве наемников, которые служили в Королевской нидерландской Ост-Индской армии , известной как папангеры [7] и входящей в более крупную общину Мардейкерс . Их наследие можно найти в Северной Джакарте , [8] однако следов их потомков мало, за исключением небольшой общины в Кампунг Тугу .

Историческая провинция Батаан, основанная в 1754 году под управлением испанского генерал-губернатора Педро Мануэля Арандии , поглотила из провинции Пампанга муниципалитеты Абукай, Баланга (ныне город), Диналупихан, Ллана-Эрмоса, Орани, Орион, Пилар. и Самал. Во время британской оккупации Манилы (1762–1764 гг.) Баколор стал временной испанской колониальной столицей и военной базой. К концу 1700-х годов в Пампанге проживало 16 604 местных семьи и 2641 испанско-филиппинская семья , [9] : 539  [10] : 31, 54, 113  и 870 китайских филиппинских семей. [9] : 460 

Старые города Пампанги Алиага, Кабиао, Гапан, Сан-Антонио и Сан-Исидро были переданы провинции Нуэва-Эсиха в 1848 году во время правления испанского генерал-губернатора Нарцисо Клаверия-и-Салдуа . Муниципалитет Сан-Мигель-де-Маюмо в Пампанге был передан провинции Булакан в той же конфигурации границ провинции в 1848 году.

В 1860 году северные города Бамбан, Капас, Консепсьон, Виктория, Тарлак, Мабалакат, Магаланг, Порак и Флоридабланка были отделены от Пампанги и переданы под юрисдикцию военного командования под названием Comandancia Militar de Tarlac . Однако в 1873 году четыре последних города были возвращены Пампанге, а остальные пять стали муниципалитетами недавно созданной провинции Тарлак.

Эпоха японского вторжения

8 декабря 1941 года японские самолеты бомбили авиабазу Кларк, что положило начало вторжению в Пампангу. Между 1941 и 1942 годами японские оккупационные войска начали входить в Пампангу.

Во время борьбы с повстанцами в условиях японской оккупации с 1942 по 1944 год партизаны Капампангана и коммунистические партизаны Хукбалахапа сражались бок о бок в провинции Пампанга, атакуя и отступая японские имперские силы на протяжении более трех лет боев и вторжений.

Создание генерального штаба и военных лагерей Армии Содружества Филиппин действовало с 1935 по 1946 год. Филиппинская полиция действовала с 1935 по 1942 год и с 1944 по 1946 год в провинции Пампанга. Во время боевых действий антияпонской императорской военной операции в центральном Лусоне с 1942 по 1945 год в провинциях Батаан, Булакан, Северный Таябас (ныне Аврора), Нуэва-Эсиха, Пампанга, Тарлак и Замбалес местные партизанские бойцы сопротивления и Коммунистические партизаны Хукбалахап помогали вооруженным силам США бороться с императорскими вооруженными силами Японии.

При освобождении Пампанги в 1945 году партизаны Капампангана и коммунистические партизаны Хукбалахапа поддерживали боевые силы филиппинских и американских наземных войск в атаке японских имперских сил во время битвы при Пампанге до конца Второй мировой войны. Солдаты и офицеры местных военных операций 2-й, 26-й, 3-й, 32-й, 33-й, 35-й, 36-й и 37-й пехотных дивизий Филиппинской полиции Содружества и 3-го полицейского полка филиппинской полиции отбили и освободили провинцию Пампанга и сражались против японских императорских войск во время Битва при Пампанге.

Послевоенная эпоха

Старая печать провинции с 1950 года.
Флаговая печать Пампанги

После Второй мировой войны операции в главной провинции Пампанга привели к падению мятежей и конфликтов между правительственными силами Филиппин и коммунистическими повстанцами Хукбалахапа в 1946–1954 годах во время восстания Хукбалахап .

В соответствии с Соглашением о военных базах 1947 года [11] Филиппины предоставили Соединенным Штатам аренду на 99 лет нескольких американских баз, включая авиабазу Кларк . [12] Более поздняя поправка, внесенная в 1966 году, сократила первоначальный 99-летний срок действия соглашения до 25 лет. [13] Продление соглашения в 1979 году [14] позволило США продолжать эксплуатацию авиабазы ​​Кларк до ноября 1991 года, [15] когда Сенат Филиппин отклонил законопроект о продлении американских баз на Филиппинах. [13]

Во время диктатуры Маркоса

Благодаря своей близости к столице и наличию авиабазы ​​Кларк, Пампанга стала одной из горячих точек социальных потрясений начала 1970-х годов и последующей диктатуры Фердинанда Маркоса . [16] [17] Даже во время первых демонстраций « Шторма в первой четверти» в 1970 году Кларк и другие базы США на Филиппинах были серьезной проблемой для протестующих, которые видели в них продолжение колониальной гегемонии США и способ втянуть Филиппины в холодную войну, поскольку Кларк стал плацдармом для все более непопулярной войны во Вьетнаме . [18] [17] [19]

После объявления военного положения в сентябре 1972 года лагерь Оливас в городе Сан-Фернандо был определен как один из четырех провинциальных лагерей, ставших региональным командованием для задержанных (RECAD). Он получил обозначение RECAD I и содержал задержанных из Северного и Центрального Лусона. [20] В число известных заключенных там входят Эдисио де ла Торре, [21] Джуди Тагивало , [22] Тина Паргас, [23] Мари Хилао-Энрикес, [24] и Бернар-Адан Эбуэн. [25] Среди заключённых, подвергшихся пыткам, — сестры Джоанна и Жозефина Кариньо, [26] братья Ромуло и Армандо Палабай , [20] и Мариано Гинер-младший из Абры. [20] Около 50 вождей Калинга и Бонток , в том числе вождь племени Бутбут Макли-инг Дулаг , также были доставлены в лагерь Оливас из центра содержания под стражей в Табуке, Калинга, и арестованы за сопротивление проекту строительства плотины на реке Чико . [27]

Другие были убиты, не будучи арестованными, например, близкие друзья Пепито Дехеран, Роландо Кастро и Лито Кабрера спали в собственности Кабреры в Сапанг Бато, Анхелес, когда они подверглись нападению, захвату и пыткам со стороны ополченцев Гражданских сил внутренней обороны Маркоса после того, как они участвовали. в протестном движении, возникшем после убийства лидера оппозиции Ниноя Акино . Дехерану удалось избежать этого испытания живым, и его доставили в больницу, но неизвестные нанесли ему ножевое ранение на собственной больничной койке. [28]

Дженнифер Кариньо, братья Палабай, Макли-инг Дулаг, Кастро, Кабрера и Дехеран позже будут удостоены чести, если их имена будут вписаны на стене памяти филиппинского Бантайога нг мга Баяни , которая чтит мучеников и героев, осмелившихся совершить противостоять диктатуре. [29]

Извержение горы Пинатубо и закрытие авиабазы ​​Кларк

Основные события, которые произошли в Пампанге после революции народной власти, включают извержение горы Пинатубо и прекращение действия Договора о базах Филиппин с Соединенными Штатами, что привело к закрытию авиабазы ​​Кларк и более позднему созданию Кларк- Фрипорта и специального Экономическая зона .

15 июня 1991 года извержение горы Пинатубо привело к перемещению большого количества людей, в результате чего целые города и деревни были затоплены в результате масштабных наводнений лахара . Это привело к масштабному прогрессу в подготовке правительства к стихийным бедствиям. Это также ускорило закрытие авиабазы ​​Кларк, которая уже должна была закрыться в результате решения сената Филиппин в ноябре 1991 года не продлевать договор о базах Филиппин с Соединенными Штатами. [13]

Создание Кларк-Фрипорта и Особой экономической зоны

1992 saw the signing of the Bases Conversion and Development Act (Republic Act 7227 ser. 1992), which authorized the President to issue a decree converting the military reservation in the Clark area covering Angeles City, Mabalacat, and Porac, Pampanga and Capas, Tarlac into a special economic zone. The legislation also created the Bases Conversion and Development Authority (BCDA) to facilitate the conversion process.[30] President Fidel Ramos issued Proclamation No. 163 on April 3, 1993, creating the Clark Special Economic Zone (CSEZ) and transferring the administration of the area to the BCDA. The proclamation included the Clark Air Base and portions of the Clark reverted baselands not reserved for military use to the CSEZ.[31] On June 14, 1996, the CSEZ was expanded with the addition of the Sacobia area, which includes lands from Mabalacat, Pampanga and Bamban, Tarlac, through Ramos' Proclamation No. 805.[31]

The Clark Air Base area would later be declared a Freeport Zone and was separated from the special economic zone through Republic Act 9400 of 2007[32] Since then the Freeport Zone and the Clark Special Economic Zone were considered as separate areas but collectively they are referred to as the "Clark Freeport and Special Economic Zone".

Contemporary

In 2010, a Kapampangan, Benigno Aquino III, son of former President Corazon Aquino, was elected as president.[citation needed]

On April 22, 2019, the province suffered severe damage due to 6.1 magnitude earthquake which originated from Zambales and was the most affected area by the earthquake due to province sitting on soft sediment and alluvial soil.[33] Several structures in the province were damaged by the quake, including a 4-story supermarket in Porac, the Bataan-Pampanga boundary arch and the main terminal of Clark International Airport, as well as old churches in Lubao and Porac, where the stone bell tower of the 19th-century Santa Catalina de Alejandria Church collapsed.[34]

Geography

Pampanga covers a total area of 2,002.20 square kilometres (773.05 sq mi)[35] occupying the south-central section of the Central Luzon region. When Angeles is included for geographical purposes, the province's area is 2,062.47 square kilometres (796.32 sq mi).[35] The province is bordered by Tarlac to the north, Nueva Ecija to the northeast, Bulacan to the east, Manila Bay to the central-south, Bataan to the southwest, and Zambales to the northwest.

Its terrain is relatively flat with one distinct mountain, Mount Arayat and the notable Pampanga River. Among its municipalities, Porac has the largest area with 314 square kilometres (121 sq mi); Candaba comes in second with 176 square kilometres (68 sq mi); followed by Floridablanca with 175 square kilometres (68 sq mi). Santo Tomas, with an area of only 21 square kilometres (8.1 sq mi), is the smallest.[35]

Climate

The province of Pampanga has two distinct climates, rainy and dry. The rainy or wet season normally begins in May and runs through October, while the rest of the year is the dry season. The warmest period of the year occurs between March and April, while the coolest period is from December through February. The wet season will be from June to October and also dry season will be from November to April in the province of Pampanga.

Administrative divisions

Political map of Pampanga

Pampanga comprises 19 municipalities and three cities (one highly urbanized and two component).

The province is divided into three parts. The western portion includes the municipalities of Porac and Floridablanca, the component city of Mabalacat, and the highly urbanized city of Angeles. The central part consists of the municipalities of Magalang, Arayat, Mexico, Santa Ana, Bacolor, Santa Rita, Guagua, Lubao, Sasmuan, and the component city of San Fernando. The eastern half is composed of the municipalities of Candaba, San Luis, Santo Tomas, San Simon, Minalin, Apalit, Macabebe, and Masantol.

Demographics

Population

The population of Pampanga in the 2020 census was 2,437,709 people,[2] with a density of 1,200 inhabitants per square kilometre or 3,100 inhabitants per square mile. If Angeles is included for geographical purposes, the population is 2,900,637, with a density of 1,265/km2 (3,277/sq mi). The native inhabitants of Pampanga are generally referred to as the Kapampangans (alternatively Pampangos or Pampangueños). Tagalogs live in areas on the boundaries with Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, & Bataan; they are mostly descendants of settlers arrived from those provinces, w/ others from Aurora.

Languages

The whole population of Pampanga speak Kapampangan, which is one of the Central Luzon languages along with the Sambalic languages. Tagalog is generally spoken in areas bordering Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, and Bataan. English and Tagalog are rather spoken and used as secondary languages. There are a few Sambal speakers in the province, especially near the border of Zambales.

Religion

Catholicism

Our Lady of Grace Parish in Mabalacat.
Nuestra Señora de la Merced de Pinac (secondary patroness of Pampanga)

The province of Pampanga is composed of many religious groups, but it is predominantly Roman Catholic (88.92%).

Islam

Islam (0.017%) is also present in the province, mainly due to migrants originating from the south, as well as Buddhism, which is practiced by a few people of Chinese descent.

Others

According to 2010 Census, other prominent Christian groups include the Iglesia ni Cristo (3.84%), Evangelicals (1.34%), Aglipayan Church (0.60%), Jesus is Lord Church (0.48%), Baptist Church (0.39%), Jehovah's Witnesses (0.27%), Church of Christ (0.23%), United Church of Christ in the Philippines (0.22%), Seventh-day Adventist Church (0.18%) and many others.

Economy

Poverty incidence of Pampanga

Farming and fishing are the two main industries. Major products include rice, corn, sugarcane, and tilapia. Pampanga is the tilapia capital of the country because of its high production reaching 214,210.12 metric tons in 2015. In addition to farming and fishing, the province supports thriving cottage industries that specialize in wood carving, furniture making, guitars and handicrafts. Every Christmas season, the province of Pampanga, especially in the capital city of San Fernando becomes the center of a thriving industry centered on handcrafted lighted lanterns called parols that display a kaleidoscope of light and color. Other industries include its casket industry and the manufacturing of all-purpose vehicles in the municipality of Santo Tomas.

The province is famous for its sophisticated culinary work: it is called the "food capital" of the Philippines. Kapampangans are well known for their culinary creations. Famous food products range from the mundane to the exotic. Roel's Meat Products, Pampanga's Best and Mekeni Food are among the better known meat brands of the country producing Kapampangan favorites such as pork and chicken tocinos, beef tapa, hotdogs, longganizas (Philippine-style cured sausages) and chorizos.

Specialty foods such as the siopao, pandesal, tutong, lechon (roasted pig) and its sarsa (sauce) are popular specialty foods in the region. The more exotic betute tugak (stuffed frog), kamaru (mole crickets) cooked adobo, bulanglang (pork cooked in guava juice), lechon kawali and bringhe (a green sticky rice dish like paella) are a mainstay in Kapampangan feasts.

Native sweets and delicacies like pastillas, turonnes de casuy, buro, are the most sought after by Filipinos including a growing number of tourists who enjoy authentic Kapampangan cuisine. The famous cookie in Mexico, Pampanga, Panecillos de San Nicolas, which is known as the mother of all Philippine cookies, is made here, famously made by Lillian Borromeo.[46] The cookies are made with arrowroot, sugar, coconut milk and butter and are blessed in Catholic parishes every year on the feast of San Nicolas Tolentino.[47] The cookies are believed to have a healing power and bestow good luck and are sometimes crumbled into rice fields before planting.[47]

Tourism is a growing industry in the province of Pampanga. Clark Freeport Zone is home to Clark International Airport, designated as the Philippines' future premier gateway.[citation needed] Other developing industries include semiconductor manufacturing for electronics and computers mostly located within the freeport.

Within the Clark Special Economic Zone are well-established hotels and resorts. Popular tourist destinations include St. Peter Shrine in Apalit, Mt. Arayat National Park in San Juan Bano, Mount Arayat, the Paskuhan Village in the City of San Fernando, the Casino Filipino in Angeles and, for nature and wildlife, "Paradise Ranch and Zoocobia Fun Zoo" in Clark. Well-known annual events include the Giant Lantern Festival in December, the hot air balloon festival in Clarkfield in February and in Lubao in April, the San Pedro Cutud Lenten Rites celebrated two days before Easter, and the Aguman Sanduk in Minalin celebrated on the afternoon of New Year's Day.

Boat culture

There have been proposals to revitalize the karakoa shipbuilding tradition of the Kapampangan people in recent years. The karakoa was the warship of the Kapampangan from the classical eras (before 15th century) up to the 16th century. The production of the karakoa and its usage were stopped by the Spanish colonialists to establish the galleon ship-making tradition instead, as a sign of Spanish dominance over the Kapampangan.

Wildlife

Pampanga's geography has made the province an important rallying point for biodiversity conservation, particularly in the case of the Candaba Wetlands which provides critical habitat for migratory bird species which visit the Philippines from sites further north in Asia. Migratory birds frequently seen in the swamp include the Shrenck’s Bittern, the Great Bittern, the Eurasian Spoonbill, the Purple Swamp Hen, the Chinese Pond Heron and the Black-Crowned Heron.[48]

Infrastructure

Telecommunication

Telephone services are provided by PLDT, Digitel, Converge Telecom, Datelcom, the Evangelista Telephone Company, and the Pampanga Telecom Company in the town of Macabebe. The province has 24 public telegraph offices distributed among its towns while the facilities of PT&T and RCPI were set up to serve the business centers in Angeles, San Fernando City and Guagua.[49]

Several Internet Service provider are available. These include the Angeles Computer Network Specialist, Information Resources Network System, Inc., [Mosaic communications Inc., Net Asia Angeles, Phil World On Line and Comclark Network and Technology Corp.

United Parcel Service (UPS) and Federal Express (FedEx) provide international courier services. Their hubs are in the Clark Freeport Zone. They are complemented by four local couriers operating as the communication and baggage of the province. There are three postal district offices and 35 post office stations distributed in the 20 municipalities and two cities of the province.[50]

Water and power

Pampanga electrical cooperative service areas

Potable water supply in the province reaches the populace through three levels namely: Level I (point source system), Level II (communal faucet system), and Level III (individual connections). A well or spring is the pinpointed water source in areas where houses are few as the system is only designed to serve 15 to 25 households. As of 1997, there were 128,571 Level I water system users in the province. The communal faucet system (Level II) serves the rural areas while the Level III system is managed by the Local Water Utilities Administration (LWUA). The system provides individual house connections to all second and first class private subdivisions.

Electric power is distributed to the majority of the towns through the distribution centers of the Pampanga Electric Cooperative (PELCO) which include PELCO I, II, III. Small parts of Candaba and Macabebe are also supplied by Manila Electric Company (Meralco). Angeles and small parts of Mabalacat are supplied by Angeles Electric Corporation (AEC) Villa de Bacolor, Guagua, Sta, Rita, Lubao, Sasmuan, Porac, Mabalacat and small part of Floridablanca are supplied by Pampanga Electric Cooperative II (PELCO II). City of San Fernando and Floridablanca is supplied by San Fernando Electric Company (SFELAPCO).[49]

Power is also transmitted to the province through various transmission lines and substations located within the province, such as the Mexico and Clark substations, and Hermosa–Duhat–Balintawak, Mexico–Hermosa, Hermosa–San Jose transmission lines, etc., all of which are operated and maintained by the National Grid Corporation of the Philippines (NGCP).

Transportation

The province of Pampanga is strategically located at the crossroads of central Luzon and is highly accessible by air and land. The province is home to two airstrips: Basa Air Base in Floridablanca, which is used by the military, and Clark International Airport in Clark Freeport Zone. Pampanga has five municipal ports that function as fish landing centers. These are in the municipalities of Guagua, Macabebe, Masantol, Minalin, and Sasmuan.[49]

Road transport

Land travel to Pampanga is provided by highways and by buses. Buses that travel the routes of Manila-Bataan, Manila-Zambales, Manila-Tarlac, Manila-Nueva Ecija, Manila-Bulacan-Pampanga, and Manila-Pampanga-Dagupan serve as connections with the nearby provinces and Metro Manila.

The 84 kilometres (52 mi) North Luzon Expressway (NLEX) extends from Balintawak in Quezon City, Metro Manila, to Santa Ines in Mabalacat. It passes through the cities and municipalities of Apalit, San Simon, Santo Tomas, San Fernando, Mexico, Angeles City, and ends on Santa Ines in Mabalacat.

The 94 kilometres (58 mi) four-lane Subic–Clark–Tarlac Expressway (SCTEx) to date, is the longest toll expressway in the Philippines. Its southern terminus is in the Subic Bay Freeport Zone and passes through the Clark Freeport Zone in two interchanges: Clark North and Clark South. The expressway is linked to the North Luzon Expressway through the Mabalacat Interchange. Its northern terminus is located at the Central Techno Park in Tarlac City, Tarlac.

Aside from the expressways, national highways also serve the province. Two major national highways serves Pampanga, the MacArthur Highway (N2) and Jose Abad Santos Avenue (N3). Secondary and tertiary national roads, and provincial roads complement the highway backbone.

Schools

Colleges and universities

Sports

Pampanga is home to notable sports personalities, including billiards player Efren "Bata" Reyes as well as basketball players Japeth Aguilar and Arwind Santos.

The province is also home to the Pampanga Giant Lanterns, which began play in the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL) during the 2018–19 season. The franchise has won two league championships, one in the MPBL and one in the Pilipinas Super League.[52][53] The province also hosted the Pampanga Dragons of the defunct Metropolitan Basketball Association (MBA), who were also the league's inaugural champions.

Government and politics

Like other provinces in the Philippines, Pampanga is governed by a governor and vice governor who are elected to three-year terms. The governor is the executive head and leads the province's departments in executing the ordinances and improving public services. The vice governor heads a legislative council (Sangguniang Panlalawigan) consisting of board members from the districts.

Pampanga Provincial Capitol

Provincial government

Just as the national government, the provincial government is divided into three branches: executive, legislative, and judiciary. The judicial branch is administered solely by the Supreme Court of the Philippines. The LGUs have control of the executive and legislative branches.

The executive branch is composed of the governor for the province, mayors for the cities and municipalities, and the barangay captains for the barangays.[54] The provincial assembly for the provinces, Sangguniang Panlungsod (city assembly) for the cities, Sangguniang Bayan (town assembly) for the municipalities, Sangguniang Barangay (barangay council), and the Sangguniang Kabataan for the youth sector.

The seat of government is vested upon the governor and other elected officers who hold office at the Provincial Capitol building. The Sangguniang Panlalawigan is the center of legislation.

The Provincial government is composed of a Governor as the Local Chief Executive of the Province, Vice-Governor and Members of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan. The governor is Dennis "Delta" G. Pineda (NPC) and the vice governor is Lilia Pineda (Kambilan).

Court system

Façade of Halls of Justice (view from the rear of the Capitolio)

The Supreme Court of the Philippines recognizes Pampanga regional trial courts and metropolitan or municipal trial courts within the province and towns, that have an overall jurisdiction in the populace of the province and towns, respectively.[55]

Batas Pambansa Blg. 129, "The Judiciary Reorganization Act of 1980", as amended, created Regional, Metropolitan, Municipal Trial and Circuit Courts. The Third Judicial Region includes RTCs in Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Palayan and San Jose, inter alia: xxx. There shall be – (c) Seventy-five Regional Trial judges shall be commissioned for the Third Judicial Region: Twenty-two branches (Branches XLI to LXII) for the province of Pampanga and the city of Angeles, Branches XLI to XLVIII with seats at San Fernando, Branches XLIX to LIII at Guagua, Branches LIV and LV at Macabebe, and Branches LVI to LXII at Angeles;

The law also created Metropolitan Trial Court in each metropolitan area established by law, a Municipal Trial Court in each of the other cities or municipalities, and a Municipal Circuit Trial Court in each circuit comprising such cities and/or municipalities as are grouped together pursuant to law: three branches for Cabanatuan; in every city which does not form part of a metropolitan area, there shall be a Municipal Trial Court with one branch, except as hereunder provided: Three branches for Angeles;

In each of the municipalities that are not comprised within a metropolitan area and a municipal circuit there shall be a Municipal Trial Court which shall have one branch, except as hereunder provided: Four branches for San Fernando and two branches for Guagua, both of Pampanga.[56]

Mayors

Notable people

National heroes and historical personalities

Politics and Government

Culinary Arts

Journalism and Media

[64][65]

Literature and arts

Sciences

Religious leaders

Entertainment

Pageantry

Sports

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External links