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Рост христианского населения

Рост христианского населения — это рост населения мирового христианского сообщества . Согласно опросу Pew Research Center 2011 года , в 2010 году во всем мире насчитывалось более 2,2 миллиарда христиан , что в три раза больше, чем 600 миллионов, зарегистрированных в 1910 году. Однако этот темп роста ниже общего роста населения за тот же период времени. [1] В 2020 году Pew оценил число христиан во всем мире примерно в 2,38 миллиарда человек. [2] По данным различных ученых и источников, высокие показатели рождаемости и обращения в христианство на Глобальном Юге были названы в качестве причин роста христианского населения. [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] В 2023 году сообщалось: «К середине 2023 года во всем мире будет насчитываться более 2,6 миллиарда христиан, а к 2050 году — около 3,3 миллиарда, согласно отчету, опубликованному в начале января Центром изучения мирового христианства при Теологической семинарии Гордона Конвелла ». [9] [10]

Краткое содержание

Мировое христианство по традиции в 2024 году согласно данным Всемирной христианской базы данных [12]

  Католики (48,6%)
  Православные (11,1%)
  Другое (0,5%)

Коэффициент рождаемости среди христиан составляет 2,7 ребенка на женщину, что выше среднего мирового коэффициента рождаемости в 2,5. Во всем мире христиане были лишь немного старше (медианный возраст 30 лет), чем средний мировой медианный возраст в 28 лет в 2010 году. Согласно Pew Research, смена религии, как ожидается, окажет скромное влияние на изменения в христианском населении. [14] По данным различных ученых и источников, пятидесятничество является самым быстрорастущим религиозным движением в мире; [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] этот рост в первую очередь обусловлен религиозным обращением в пятидесятническое и харизматическое христианство . [20] [21]

Согласно Всемирной христианской энциклопедии , приблизительно 2,7 миллиона человек переходят в христианство из другой религии, Всемирная христианская энциклопедия также указала, что христианство занимает первое место по чистому приросту за счет религиозного обращения. [22] В то время как согласно «Оксфордскому справочнику по религиозному обращению», приблизительно 15,5 миллионов человек переходят в христианство из другой религии, в то время как приблизительно 11,7 миллионов покидают христианство, и большинство из них становятся нерелигиозными, в результате чего чистый прирост составляет 3,8 миллиона. [23] Христианство зарабатывает около 65,1 миллиона человек из-за таких факторов, как рождаемость и религиозное обращение, в то время как теряет 27,4 миллиона человек из-за таких факторов, как смертность и религиозное вероотступничество. Большая часть чистого прироста числа христиан приходится на Африку, Латинскую Америку и Азию. [23]

Коэффициент рождаемости

Коэффициент рождаемости среди христиан менялся на протяжении всей истории. Коэффициент рождаемости среди христиан также варьируется от страны к стране. За 20-летний период с 1989 по 2009 год средний мировой коэффициент рождаемости снизился с 3,50 до 2,58, что составляет 0,92 ребенка на женщину, или 26%. Средневзвешенный коэффициент рождаемости для христианских стран снизился за тот же период с 3,26 до 2,58, что составляет 0,68 ребенка на женщину, или 21%. Средневзвешенный коэффициент рождаемости для мусульманских стран снизился за тот же период с 5,17 до 3,23, что составляет 1,94 ребенка на женщину, или 38%. В то время как у мусульман в среднем 3,1 ребенка на женщину — самый высокий показатель среди всех религиозных групп — христиане [ когда? ] на втором месте, с 2,7 ребенка на женщину. [24]

Разрыв в рождаемости между странами с преобладанием христиан и мусульман сократился с 67% в 1990 году до 17% в 2010 году. Согласно исследованию, опубликованному Pew Research Center в 2017 году, рождение детей у мусульман в период с 2010 по 2015 год составило примерно 31% от всех детей, рожденных в мире. По оценкам Pew Research Center, к 2040 году мусульманский и христианский коэффициенты рождаемости сравняются. [25]

Конверсия

По отраслям

Католическая церковь

Восточное православие

протестантизм

По континентам

Прогнозируемый рост христианства к 2050 году
Некоторые из прогнозов следующие: [105]
  1. В период 2010-2050 годов христиане останутся крупнейшей религиозной группой с 30,7% населения мира. Однако ислам будет расти быстрее и составит 29,7% населения мира. Таким образом, к 2050 году будет 2,8 миллиарда мусульман по сравнению с 2,9 миллиарда христиан.
  2. «В Соединенных Штатах число христиан сократится с более чем трех четвертей населения в 2010 году до двух третей в 2050 году».
  3. «Четверо из десяти христиан в мире будут жить в странах Африки к югу от Сахары».
Причины прогнозируемого роста
Некоторые из причин, приведенных в исследовании, следующие: [104]
  1. Изменение религиозной жизни в мире «обусловлено в первую очередь различиями в показателях рождаемости и численности молодого населения среди основных мировых религий, а также сменой людьми вероисповедания».
  2. Коэффициенты рождаемости . «Религии с большим количеством приверженцев в развивающихся странах, где уровень рождаемости высок, а уровень детской смертности в целом снижается, вероятно, будут расти быстро». Поэтому прогнозируется, что большая часть роста христианства будет происходить в странах Африки к югу от Сахары. В глобальном масштабе у христиан уровень рождаемости составляет 2,7 ребенка на женщину. Но у мусульман он выше, а именно в среднем 3,1 ребенка на женщину. Эта разница является одной из причин того, что мусульманское население растет быстрее, чем христианское.
  3. Численность молодого населения . «В 2010 году более четверти населения мира (27%) было моложе 15 лет». Христианская молодежь моложе 15 лет была такой же, как и средний мировой показатель в 27%. Но еще более высокий процент мусульман (34%) были моложе 15 лет. Это более высокое молодое население является одной из причин того, что с 2010 по 2050 год, по прогнозам, мусульмане будут расти быстрее, чем христиане.
  4. Численность пожилого населения . В 2010 году «11% населения мира были в возрасте не менее 60 лет», 14% христианского населения были старше 60 лет, но только 7% мусульман были старше 60 лет. Это еще одна причина того, что, по прогнозам, численность мусульман будет расти быстрее, чем численность христиан.
  5. Переход . Прогнозируется, что потеря 66 миллионов христиан произойдет из-за перехода. Большая часть потерь, как ожидается, произойдет из-за христиан, «пополняющих ряды религиозно не связанных».
Полную версию Pew Research Center можно прочитать, нажав на ссылку «Будущее мировых религий».

Африка

Алжир

Бенин

Буркина-Фасо

Бурунди

Камерун

Центральноафриканская Республика

Египет

Эфиопия

Ливия

Марокко

Нигерия

ЮАР

Тунис

Америка

Аргентина

Канада

Мексика

Соединенные Штаты

Правительство США не собирает данные о религии в ходе переписи населения. Нижеприведенный опрос, Американское исследование религиозной идентификации (ARIS) 2008 года, был случайным телефонным опросом 54 461 американских домохозяйств в смежных Соединенных Штатах . Размер выборки 1990 года составил 113 723; размер выборки 2001 года составил 50 281.

Взрослым респондентам задавали открытый вопрос : «Какова ваша религия, если таковая имеется?» Интервьюеры не подсказывали и не предлагали список возможных ответов. Также спрашивалось о религии супруга или партнера. Если первоначальный ответ был «протестант» или «христианин», задавались дополнительные вопросы, чтобы выяснить, какая именно конфессия. Примерно трети выборки задавались более подробные демографические вопросы.

Среди азиатского населения в Соединенных Штатах обращение в христианство значительно возросло среди корейцев, китайцев и японцев. [130] К 2012 году процент христиан в этих общинах составил 71%, 31% и 38% соответственно. [39]

Данные исследовательского центра Pew Research Center показывают, что по состоянию на 2013 год около 1,6 миллиона взрослых американских евреев идентифицируют себя как христиане , большинство из них — протестанты . [131] [132] [133] Согласно тем же данным, большинство евреев, которые идентифицируют себя как христиане (1,6 миллиона), были воспитаны как евреи или являются евреями по происхождению. [132] Согласно исследованию исследовательского центра Pew Research Center , проведенному в 2014 году , 19% тех, кто утверждает, что был воспитан как иудей в Соединенных Штатах, считают себя христианами. [134]

Согласно Pew Research , христианство теряет больше людей, чем приобретает от религиозного обращения. Было обнаружено, что 23% американцев, воспитанных как христиане, больше не идентифицируют себя с христианством, тогда как 6% нынешних христиан обратились. [135] Это контрастирует с исламом в Америке , где число людей, которые оставляют религию, [ когда? ] примерно равно числу тех, кто обращается в нее. [135] Национальный католический реестр утверждает, что в 2015 году было 450 000 американских мусульман, обращенных в христианство , и что 20 000 мусульман обращаются в христианство ежегодно в Соединенных Штатах. [136] По словам ученого Роба Скотта из Университета Тасмании, в 2010 году было «приблизительно 180 000 арабских американцев и около 130 000 иранских американцев, которые обратились из ислама в христианство». [137]

Религиозная самоидентификация взрослого населения США: 1990, 2001, 2008 гг. [138]
Цифры не скорректированы с учетом отказов отвечать; исследователи подозревают, что отказы, возможно, в большей степени характерны для «нерелигиозной» группы, чем для любой другой.

Основные моменты: [138]

  1. Опрос ARIS 2008 проводился с февраля по ноябрь 2008 года, в ходе него были получены ответы от 54 461 респондента, которые задавали вопросы на английском или испанском языке.
  2. Американское население считает себя преимущественно христианами, однако американцы постепенно становятся менее христианскими.
    • 86% взрослых американцев считали себя христианами в 1990 году и 76% в 2008 году.
    • Исторические основные церкви и конфессии пережили самый резкий спад, в то время как неконфессиональная христианская идентичность демонстрирует тенденцию к росту, особенно с 2001 года.
    • Вызов христианству в Соединенных Штатах исходит не от других религий, а от неприятия всех форм организованной религии.
  3. В 2008 году 34% взрослых американцев считали себя «возрожденными христианами или евангельскими христианами».
  4. Население США продолжает демонстрировать признаки снижения религиозности: в 2008 году каждый седьмой американец не указал свою религиозную принадлежность.
    • Число «неверующих» (не имеющих определенных религиозных предпочтений, атеистов или агностиков) продолжает расти, хотя и гораздо более медленными темпами, чем в 1990-х годах: с 8,2% в 1990 году до 14,1% в 2001 году и 15,0% в 2008 году.
    • Американцы азиатского происхождения гораздо чаще не указывают на свою религиозную идентичность, чем представители других расовых или этнических групп.
  5. Одним из признаков отсутствия религиозной привязанности американцев является тот факт, что 27% не ожидают религиозных похорон в случае своей смерти.
  6. На основании заявленных убеждений, а не религиозной идентификации в 2008 году 70% американцев верят в личного Бога, примерно 12% американцев являются атеистами (не имеют Бога) или агностиками (не знают или не уверены в нем), а еще 12% являются деистами (имеют высшую силу, но не имеют личного Бога).
  7. Религиозная география Америки претерпела изменения с 1990 года. Религиозные изменения наряду с иммиграцией испаноязычных значительно изменили религиозный профиль некоторых штатов и регионов. В период с 1990 по 2008 год доля католического населения в штатах Новой Англии упала с 50% до 36%, а в Нью-Йорке — с 44% до 37%, в то время как в Калифорнии она выросла с 29% до 37%, а в Техасе — с 23% до 32%.
  8. Overall the 1990–2008 ARIS time series shows that changes in religious self-identification in the first decade of the 21st century have been moderate in comparison to the 1990s, which was a period of significant shifts in the religious composition of the United States

Asia

Afghanistan

Azerbaijan

Bangladesh

China

India

Indonesia

Iran

Israel

Japan

Jordan

Kazakhstan

Kuwait

Kyrgyzstan

Malaysia

Mongolia

Oman

Saudi Arabia

A 2015 study estimates 60,000 Muslims converted to Christianity in Saudi Arabia.[53]

Singapore

South Korea

Syria

Tajikistan

Turkey

Uzbekistan

Vietnam

Europe

Albania

Belgium

Bulgaria

Denmark

France

Georgia

Germany

Kosovo

Norway

Netherlands

Russia

Spain

Sweden

United Kingdom

Oceania

Australia

See also

References

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  2. ^ "Religion Information Data Explorer | GRF". www.globalreligiousfutures.org. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
  3. ^ "The List: The World's Fastest-Growing Religions". Foreign Policy. 14 May 2007. Archived from the original on 29 March 2019. Retrieved 11 February 2020. Behind the trend: High birthrates and conversions in the global South.
  4. ^ W. Kling, David (2020). A History of Christian Conversion. Oxford University Press. pp. 586–587. ISBN 9780195320923.
  5. ^ R. Ross, Kenneth (2017). Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa: Edinburgh Companions to Global Christianity. Edinburgh University Press. p. 17. ISBN 9781474412049.
  6. ^ Woodhea, Linda (2004). An Introduction to Christianity. Cambridge University Press. p. 386. ISBN 9780521786553. Growth is related not only to conversion but also to a high rate of population growth.
  7. ^ Tomalin, Emma (2013). Religions and Development. Routledge. p. 6. ISBN 9781136827488.
  8. ^ R.V, Dmitriev (2018). African Studies in Russia: Works of the Institute for African Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences Yearbook 2014-2016. MeaBooks Inc. p. 60. ISBN 9781988391069. Consequently, conversion influences the growth of the Christian community to a far greater degree than the Muslim one, delivering nearly 29% of the Christian population's annual growth.
  9. ^ Zach Dawes Jr., 13 Feb 2023, Good Faith Media. https://goodfaithmedia.org/global-christian-population-projected-to-reach-3-3-billion-by-2050/
  10. ^ "Status of Global Christianity, 2023, in the Context of 1900–2050" (PDF). Center for the Study of Global Christianity. 2023.
  11. ^ "Global Christianity – A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Christian Population". 19 December 2011.
  12. ^ "Status of Global Christianity, 2024, in the Context of 1900–2050" (PDF). Center for the Study of Global Christianity, Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary. Retrieved 23 May 2024. Christian total 2,631,941,000, Catholic total 1,278,009,000 (48.6%), Wider Protestant total including Independents 1,047,295,000 (39.8%), Orthodox total including Eastern and Oriental 293,158,000 (11.1%)
  13. ^ Pew Research Center (18 December 2012). "The Global Religious Landscape. Christians".
  14. ^ "The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010-2050". Pew Research Center. 2 April 2015.
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  16. ^ a b c Anderson, Allan; Bergunder, Michael; Droogers, Andre (9 May 2012). Studying Global Pentecostalism: Theories and Methods. University of California Press Scholarship. doi:10.1525/california/9780520266612.001.0001. ISBN 9780520266612. With its remarkable ability to adapt to different cultures, Pentecostalism has become the world's fastest growing religious movement.
  17. ^ a b c "Witnessing The New Reach of Pentecostalism". The Washington Post. 3 August 2002. Pentecostalism is widely recognized by religious scholars as the fastest-growing Christian movement in the world, reaching into many different denominations.
  18. ^ a b c "Canadian Pentecostalism". McGill–Queen's University Press. 9 February 2009. One of the most significant transformations in twentieth-century Christianity is the emergence and development of Pentecostalism. With over five hundred million followers, it is the fastest-growing movement in the world. An incredibly diverse movement, it has influenced many sectors of Christianity, flourishing in Africa, Latin America, and Asia and having an equally significant effect on Canada.
  19. ^ a b c A. Elwell, Walter (2017). Evangelical Dictionary of Theology. Baker Academic. ISBN 9781493410774. Pentecostalism arguably has been the fastest growing religious movement in the contemporary world
  20. ^ a b c "Protestantism: The fastest growing religion in the developing world". The Manila Times. 18 November 2017. At the heart of this religious resurgence are Islam and Pentecostalism, a branch of Protestant Christianity. Islam grew at an annual average of 1.9 percent between 2000 and 2017, mainly as the result of a high birth rate. Pentecostalism grew at 2.2 percent each year, mainly by conversion. Half of developing-world Christians are Pentecostal, evangelical or charismatic (all branches of the faith emphasize the authority of the Bible and the need for a spiritual rebirth). Why are people so attracted to it?.
  21. ^ a b c "The Economist". The Economists. 18 November 2017. Pentecostalism grew at 2.2 percent each year, mainly by conversion. Half of developing-world Christians are Pentecostal, evangelical or charismatic. {{cite magazine}}: Cite magazine requires |magazine= (help)
  22. ^ a b Barrett, David B.; Kurian, George Thomas; Johnson, Todd M., eds. (15 February 2001). World Christian Encyclopedia p.360. Oxford University Press USA. ISBN 0195079639.
  23. ^ a b c d Rambo, Lewis Ray; Farhadian, Charles E., eds. (2014). The Oxford Handbook of Religious Conversion p.59. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195338522.
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  26. ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2007). "United Nations World Population Prospects: 2006 revision, Table A.15" (PDF). New York: UN. Retrieved 7 December 2009.
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  31. ^ a b "Pentecostalism: Massive Global Growth Under the Radar". Pulitzer Center. 9 March 2015. Massive Growth Under the Radar: Each day, 35,000 people are born again through baptism with the Holy Spirit.
  32. ^ a b c d "Max Weber and Pentecostals in Latin America: The Protestant Ethic, Social Capital and Spiritual Capital Ethic, Social Capital and Spiritual Capital". Georgia State University. 9 May 2016. The spread of Pentecostal Christianity may be the fastest growing movement in the history of religion (Berger 2009).
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  109. ^ "Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada". Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. 30 June 2015. Archived from the original on 15 July 2021. Retrieved 27 October 2022. there is an estimated 20,000 to 100,000 evangelical Christians in Algeria, who practice their faith in mainly unregistered churches in the Kabyle region
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  112. ^ Chapman, Colin (2012). Christians in the Middle East – Past, Present and Future. Sage Publications, Inc. p. 5. ISBN 9781608991167. many as 20,000 to 40,000 Algerians, mostly Berbers, who have become Christian
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  116. ^ Carnes, Nat (2012). Al-Maghred, the Barbary Lion: A Look at Islam. University of Cambridge Press. p. 253. ISBN 9781475903423. . In all an estimated 40,000 Moroccans have converted to Christianity
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  118. ^ "Morocco's 'hidden' Christians to push for religious freedom". AfricanNews. 30 January 2017. There are no official statistics, but leaders say there are about 50,000 Moroccan Christians, most of them from the Protestant Evangelical tradition.
  119. ^ "MOROCCO2019INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT" (PDF). RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT. 30 January 2019. the Moroccan Association of Human Rights estimates there are 25,000 Christian citizens. One media source reported that while most Christians in the country are foreigners, there are an estimated 8,000 Christian citizens and that "several thousand" citizens have converted, mostly to Protestant churches..
  120. ^ "Morocco's Christian converts emerge from the shadows". Time of Israel. 30 April 2017. Converts to Christianity form a tiny minority of Moroccans. While no official statistics exist, the US State Department estimates their numbers at between 2,000 and 6,000.
  121. ^ Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refworld | Morocco: General situation of Muslims who converted to Christianity, and specifically those who converted to Catholicism; their treatment by Islamists and the authorities, including state protection (2008-2011)". Refworld.
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  128. ^ Newman, Barbara (2005). Lightning Out of Lebanon: Hezbollah Terrorists on American Soil. Random House Publishing Group. ISBN 9780345481856. Many of the minority of Muslims who came in this wave married Argentinean women and converted to Catholicism
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  140. ^ A El Shafie, Majed (2012). Freedom Fighter: One Man's Fight for One Free World. Destiny Image Publishers. ISBN 9780768487732. It estimated the Afghan Christian community ranges from 500 to 8,000 people. For all practical purposes, there are no native Afghan Christians; they are all converts from Islam who worship in secret to avoid being killed for apostasy..
  141. ^ The 2011 International Religious Freedom Report. University of California Press. 2018. p. 86. ISBN 9780160905346. all indigenous Christians ( whose numbers are impossible to determine but have been estimated by the State Department at 500-8,000 ) are converts from Islam
  142. ^ "5,000 Azerbaijanis adopted Christianity" (in Russian). Day.az. 7 July 2007. Retrieved 30 January 2012.
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  145. ^ Monnier, F. le (2009). Rivista di studi politici internazionali. Facoltà di scienze politiche "Cesare Alfieri. p. 69. ISBN 9780275963958. the 1990s these front organizations succeeded in converting some 5,000 Azeris to various Christian evangelical
  146. ^ Khalil, Mohammad Hassan; Bilici, Mucahit (January 2007). "Conversion Out of Islam: A Study of Conversion Narratives of Former Muslims" (PDF). The Muslim World. 97: 111–124. doi:10.1111/j.1478-1913.2007.00161.x. hdl:2027.42/72141 – via deepblue.lib.umich.edu.
  147. ^ "The treatment of Christians in Bangladesh" (PDF). Refugee Review Tribunal: Australia. 23 November 2006. In the last thirty years, there has been an increase in the number of Muslims converting to Christianity. According to one estimate, in the period between 1971 and 1991, the number of Christian converts in Bangladesh has risen from two hundred thousand to four hundred thousand..
  148. ^ "Country Policy and Information Note - Bangladesh: Religious minorities and atheists". Home Office. 23 October 2018. Archived from the original on 15 July 2021. Retrieved 27 October 2022. it is estimated that as many as 91,000 Muslims across Bangladesh have converted to Christianity in the last six years.
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  153. ^ "Indians say it is important to respect all religions, but major religious groups see little in common and want to live separately". Pew Research Center. 29 June 2021. For Christians, however, there are some net gains from conversion
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  158. ^ "Report: Iran: Christian converts and house churches (1) –prevalence and conditions for religious practice Translation provided by the Office of the Commissioner-General for Refugees and Stateless Persons, Belgium" (PDF). Office of the Commissioner-General for Refugees and Stateless Persons, Belgium. 22 February 2009. In his research article, Miller (2015, p. 71) points to an anonymous, but the well-informed source that estimated that in 2010, there were about 100,000 converts in Iran... estimated the number of Christian ethnic Persians to be about 175,000. these were claimed to be converts of Shiite Muslim background.
  159. ^ "Iranians Turn Away from the Islamic Republic". Journal of Democracy. 22 January 2020.
  160. ^ "'Our second mother': Iran's converted Christians find sanctuary in Germany". The Guardian. 12 May 2014. The underground nature of the Christian conversion movement has made numbers impossible to determine accurately. Estimates range from 300,000 to 500,000 by various sources.
  161. ^ "2019 Report on International Religious Freedom: Iran". United States Department of State. 12 May 2019. estimates citing figures lower than 10,000, and others, such as Open Doors USA, citing numbers above 800,000, Many Protestants and converts to Christianity from Islam reportedly practice in secret.
  162. ^ "Are Iran's Christian converts at greater risk after Soleimani's demise?". The Jerusalem Post. 7 February 2018. Conservative estimates place the number of Christians in Iran between 500,000 to 800,000 believers, but others claim there are more than one million. Traditionally, Christian families amount to around 250,000, while the remainder consists of converts from Islam. Most converts from Islam belong to the underground Protestant house-church movement, which Iran considers to be illegal. Meanwhile, according to Islamic and Iranian law, conversion from Islam is a capital offense.
  163. ^ "Iran: Christians and Christian converts - Department of Justice". Home Office. 20 February 2020. Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2022. Open Doors, interviewed by the UK Home Office on 8 August 2017, stated that many converts do not publicly report their faith due to persecution, so it is difficult to record the exact numbers of Iranian Christian converts. Open Doors believes the number to be 800,000, although this is a conservative estimate. Other estimates put the number between 400,000-500,000 right up to 3 million... A March 2019 US Congressional Research Service report on Iran put the 300,000
  164. ^ "Iranians Turn Away from the Islamic Republic". Journal of Democracy. 20 January 2020.
  165. ^ "Iran's Christian Boom". JewishPress. 29 June 2021. Shay Khatiri of Johns Hopkins University wrote last year about Iran that "Islam is the fastest shrinking religion there, while Christianity is growing the fastest."
  166. ^ "America Must Focus on Religious Persecution against Iranian Christian Converts". providence. 3 August 2020. Speaking of faith and Iran, most people think of Islam. Yet Islam is the fastest shrinking religion there, while Christianity is growing the fastest. According to a report by the Department of State from 2018, up to half a million Iranians are Christian converts from Muslim families, and most of these Christians are evangelicals. Recent estimates claim that the number might have climbed up to somewhere between one million and three million. This is up from 100,000 in 1994, and a majority of these converts are reportedly women. A recent documentary, Sheep among Wolves, documents the lives of these converts and shows how Iran is the "fastest-growing church" in the world.
  167. ^ "America Must Focus on Religious Persecution against Iranian Christian Converts". providence. 3 August 2020. Recent estimates claim that the number might have climbed up to somewhere between one million and three million.
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  170. ^ "Christians use English to reach Japanese youth". Mission Network News. 3 September 2007. Archived from the original on 11 June 2010. Retrieved 27 December 2018. The population of Japan is less than one-percent Christian
  171. ^ Heide Fehrenbach, Uta G. Poiger (2000). Transactions, transgressions, transformations: American culture in Western Europe and Japan. Berghahn Books. p. 62. ISBN 1-57181-108-7. followers of the Christian faith constitute only about a half percent of the Japanese population
  172. ^ "After fatalism, Japan opens to faith". mercatornet. 17 October 2007. Archived from the original on 20 July 2021. Retrieved 27 October 2022. The 2006 Gallup poll, however, disclosed that an astounding 12 per cent of Japanese who claim a religion are now Christian, making six per cent of the entire nation Christian.
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  174. ^ Radford, David (2015). Religious Identity and Social Change: Explaining Christian conversion in a Muslim world. Routledge. ISBN 9781317691716. Today it is possible to speak of thousand of Kyrgyz and Kazakhs converted to Protestantism. This new phenomenon has clashed with the common belief that all native people must be Muslim
  175. ^ Akçalı, Pınar (2013). Politics, Identity and Education in Central Asia: Post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan. Routledge. ISBN 9781135627676.
  176. ^ "Religion and the Secular State in Kyrgyzstan" (PDF). The Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies. 20 June 2020. P.25: By the early 2000s, some scholars estimated the total number of Kyrgyz converts to Christianity to about 25,000
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