Спортивное соперничество — это напряженная конкуренция между спортивными командами или спортсменами, которая в разной степени затрагивает участников, [1] руководство и болельщиков .
Интенсивность соперничества может варьироваться от легкомысленного подшучивания до серьезного насилия. Соперничество, которое выходит из-под контроля, может привести к дракам , хулиганству , беспорядкам и в некоторых случаях к концу карьеры и даже фатальным последствиям. В « Футбольной войне », наряду с другими факторами, предполагалось, что это стало переломным моментом, приведшим к военным конфликтам.
Одно из первых известных спортивных соперничеств произошло в Римской империи между Синими и Зелёными, а также второстепенными командами Красных и Белых, каждая из которых была клубом гонок на колесницах, соревнующимся на Ипподроме в Константинополе . Соперничество также приняло политический оттенок, едва не приведя к свержению римского императора Юстиниана в 532 году н. э. в результате бунта , а при подавлении бунта погибли десятки тысяч людей.
Владельцы известны тем, что поощряют соперничество, поскольку это, как правило, улучшает посещаемость игр и телевизионные рейтинги матчей соперничества. Клубы могут снизить агрессию фанатов вокруг игр соперничества, признавая, а не преуменьшая конфликт [2] , поскольку соперничество является неотъемлемой частью идентичности фаната. [3]
Игры между двумя соперниками, которые базируются в областях близкой географической близости, часто называют местным дерби или просто дерби ( Великобритания : / ˈ d ɑːr b i / DAR -bee , США : / ˈ d ɜːr b i / DUR -bee ); спортивное мероприятие между двумя командами из одного города, поселка или региона. Термин обычно связан с ассоциативным футболом [4] , а СМИ и болельщики часто называют это мероприятие «Днем дерби». [5]
Термин «Дерби» или местное дерби произошел от игры в футбол между церковью всех святых и церковью Святого Петра в городе Дерби. Из-за близкого расположения двух церквей и, следовательно, футбола, в который играли, отсюда и происходит термин «местное дерби» или «дерби». Термин «дерби», возможно, произошел от Дерби , скачек в Англии, основанных 12-м графом Дерби в 1780 году . 19-й граф с тех пор утверждал, что название «Дерби» изначально было дано только одному другому спортивному событию: матчам между Сент-Хеленсом на одном конце семейного поместья Ноусли и Уиганом на другом. [6]
Другая теория происхождения названия связана с масленичным футболом , ранней, неофициальной версией как ассоциативного футбола, так и регби. Впервые в него играли в городе Дерби до средневековья. Известно, что еще с XII века в него играли в Эшборне . Это было хаотичное и бурное мероприятие, в котором участвовал весь город, часто заканчивавшееся смертельными исходами. Ворота были на Nuns Mill на севере и Gallows Balk на юге города, а большая часть действия происходила на реке Дервент или ручье Маркитон . Номинально игроки были из приходов Всех Святых и Святого Петра, но на практике игра была бесплатной для всех, и в ней участвовало до 1000 человек. Француз, наблюдавший за матчем в 1829 году, в ужасе написал: «Если англичане называют эту игру, то невозможно сказать, что они называют дракой». Масленичный футбол по-прежнему является ежегодным событием в городе Эшборн. [7]
По крайней мере с 1840 года слово «derby» использовалось в качестве существительного в английском языке для обозначения любого вида спортивного состязания. [8] Другие названия дерби включают «Clásicos» в некоторых частях мира и «crosstown spierrings» в Соединенных Штатах.
Соперничество не всегда возникает из-за совместного использования территории. Вражда может возникнуть по разным причинам, например, в случае с El Clásico из-за напряженности между болельщиками на фоне политических разногласий. Частые встречи между командами в важных играх также могут привести к неприятностям.
Диаблос Рохос дель Мехико (Мехико Красные Дьяволы) против Перикоса де Пуэбла (Пуэбла Попугаи) в игре под названием «Анауак Дерби» («Класико де Анауак» на испанском языке). [46]
Хотя это соперничество на самом деле международное, оно разыгрывается в рамках Национальной баскетбольной лиги, базирующейся в Австралии . «Брейкерс» являются членами НБЛ с момента формирования лиги.
У «Гуандуна» 11 титулов чемпиона лиги CBA — больше, чем у любой другой команды в истории, поэтому совершенно очевидно, что у них будет много соперников внутри CBA.
Германоязычное дерби: ХК Эйнаттен-Раерен против КТСВ Эйпена, 1889 г.
Лимбургские дерби: ХБ Синт-Трейден против Инициа ХК Хасселт против Юнайтед ХК Тонгерен против Ахиллеса Бохольта против Спортинга Неерпельт-Ломмель против Креасы ХБ Хаутален против ДХК Меувен.
^ SK Telecom T1 был переименован в T1 в конце 2019 года.
^ Royal Club был понижен до LoL Secondary Pro League (LSPL) командой Gamtee во время турнира по повышению LPL Summer 2015. Вскоре после этого место Gamtee в LPL было приобретено Royal Club и переименовано в Royal Never Give Up. С тех пор Royal Club остаётся во вторичной лиге Китая, теперь известной как LoL Development League (LDL), как академическая команда организации.
^ Gen.G была основана в августе 2017 года и приобрела место LCK и игроков Samsung Galaxy в конце 2017 года.
^ Менексис, Джордж (20 апреля 2015 г.). «15 лучших соперничеств игроков в истории футбола». TheSportster . Получено 3 февраля 2020 г. .
^ European Sport Management Quarterly (2018). «Соперничество и агрессия болельщиков» (PDF) . European Sport Management Quarterly . 18 (4): 517–540. doi :10.1080/16184742.2018.1424226. S2CID 158613244.
^ Берендт, Йоханнес; Урих, Себастьян (2016). «Враги с выгодами». European Sport Management Quarterly . 16 (5): 613–634. doi :10.1080/16184742.2016.1188842. S2CID 152186457.
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^ http://www.noventaminutos.mx/aguila-vs-pericos-puebla-quiere-revancha-despues-de-haber-perdido-en-veracruz/ [ постоянная мертвая ссылка ] («Агила против Перикоса... Puebla quiere revancha después de haber perdido en Veracruz»).
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↑ Vice World of Sports S02 Ep06: Rivals: The Mercer Cup , Дата выхода: 29 марта 2017 г. (США)
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^Foyt and Andretti were never friends, but neither were they enemies. Ayrton Senna and Alain Prost, by way of contrast, were oil and water. Or maybe gunpowder and a match is a more apt characterization. Their relationship was contentious enough while they were on separate teams, but paired together at the height of McLaren's F1 supremacy, they formed the ugliest – and most perversely compelling – rivalry in motorsports history."Great Rivalries: Racing's Best Rivalries". Automobile Magazine. Archived from the original on 15 September 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2010.
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Цитируемые работы
Эванов, Пит (11 октября 2005 г.). Z: 35 лет спорткарам Nissan . Motorbooks. ISBN 9780760321812.
Внешние ссылки
«7 правил для тех, кто бросает вызов сопернику» от CBS Sports Line
Бейсбольное соперничество «Янкиз» и «Ред Сокс»
Соперничество «Янкиз» и «Ред Сокс», лучшее соперничество