1919-1921 U.S. Congress
The 66th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, comprising the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives.[1][2] It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1919, to March 4, 1921, during the last two years of Woodrow Wilson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1910 United States census.
The Republicans won majorities in both the House and the Senate, thus taking control of both chambers.
This is the last congress to have no female members of congress in the House of Representatives, and thus the last time there was an all-male congress (several subsequent congresses, up to the 96th Congress, would have periods with no women in the Senate but several in the House).[3]
Major legislation
- June 30, 1919: Navy Appropriations Act of 1919
- June 30, 1919: Hastings Amendment
- July 11, 1919: Anti-Lobbying Act of 1919
- July 11, 1919: Army Appropriations Act of 1919
- July 19, 1919: Sundry Civil Expenses Appropriations Act
- October 18, 1919: National Prohibition Act (Volstead Act), ch. 85, 41 Stat. 305
- October 22, 1919: Underground Water Act of 1919
- October 29, 1919: National Motor Vehicle Theft Act (Dyer Act)
- November 4, 1919: Deficiency Act of 1919
- November 6, 1919: Indian Soldier Act of 1919
- December 24, 1919: Edge Act of 1919
- February 25, 1920: Oil Leasing Act of 1920
- February 25, 1920: Mineral Leasing Act of 1920 (Smoot-Sinnot Act), ch. 85, 41 Stat. 437
- February 25, 1920: Pipeline Rights-of-Way Act
- February 25, 1920: Sale of Water For Miscellaneous Purposes Act
- February 28, 1920: Esch-Cummins Act, Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 66–152, 41 Stat. 456
- March 9, 1920: Suits in Admiralty Act of 1920
- March 15, 1920: Military Surplus Act of 1920 (Kahn-Wadsworth Act)
- March 30, 1920: Death on the High Seas Act of 1920
- April 13, 1920: Phelan Act of 1920
- May 1, 1920: Fuller Act of 1920
- May 10, 1920: Deportation Act of 1920
- May 18, 1920: Kinkaid Act of 1920
- May 20, 1920: Sale of Surplus Improved Public Lands Act
- May 22, 1920: Civil Service Retirement Act of 1920
- May 29, 1920: Independent Treasury Act of 1920
- June 2, 1920: Industry Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1920 (Smith-Bankhead Act)
- June 2, 1920: Civilian Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1920 (Smith-Fess Act)
- June 2, 1920: National Park Criminal Jurisdiction Act
- June 4, 1920: National Defense Act of 1920 (Kahn Act)
- June 5, 1920: Sills Act of 1920
- June 5, 1920: Merchant Marine Act of 1920 (Jones Act)
- June 5, 1920: Women's Bureau Act of 1920
- June 5, 1920: Ship Mortgage Act of 1920
- June 5, 1920: River and Harbors Act of 1920
- June 5, 1920: Federal Water Power Act of 1920 (Esch Act)
- January 4, 1921: War Finance Corporation Act of 1921
- March 3, 1921: Patent Act of 1921 (Nolan Act)
- March 3, 1921: Federal Water Power Act Amendment (Jones-Esch Act)
Major events
A brief special session was called by President Wilson in March 1919, because of a filibuster that had successfully blocked appropriations bills needed to fund day-to-day government operations.[4]
- April 30, 1919: First wave of the 1919 United States anarchist bombings.
- June 2, 1919: The home of Attorney General Palmer was bombed in the second wave of anarchist bombings.
- June 15, 1919: Pancho Villa attacked Ciudad Juárez. When the bullets begin to fly to the U.S. side of the border, 2 units of the U.S. 7th Cavalry Regiment crossed the border and repulse Villa's forces.
- July 19–23, 1919: Race riot in Washington, D.C.
- August 31, 1919: American Communist Party was established
- September 9, 1919: Boston Police Strike
- September 22, 1919: Steel strike of 1919
- October 2, 1919: President Woodrow Wilson suffered a massive stroke, leaving him partially paralyzed
- November 1, 1919: Coal Strike of 1919
- November 7, 1919: First of the Palmer Raids during the First Red Scare
- January 2, 1920: Second of the Palmer Raids during the First Red Scare
- January 16, 1920: Prohibition, went into effect in the United States
- March 1, 1920: United States Railroad Administration returned control of American railroads to its constituent railroad companies
- May 7–8, 1920: Louis Freeland Post appeared before the House Committee on Rules, effectively ending Attorney General Palmer's presidential aspirations.
- November 2, 1920: Warren G. Harding defeated James M. Cox in the 1920 United States presidential election
Constitutional amendments
Treaties
Party summary
Senate
House of Representatives
Leadership
Senate leadership
Presiding
Majority (Republican) leadership
Minority (Democratic) leadership
House leadership
Presiding
Majority (Republican) leadership
Minority (Democratic) leadership
Members
- Skip to House of Representatives, below
Senate
In this Congress, Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1920; Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1922; and Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1924.
House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.
Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
Senate
- Replacements: 5
- Deaths: 2
- Resignations: 2
- Vacancy: 0
- Total seats with changes: 4
House of Representatives
- Replacements: 23
- Deaths: 13
- Resignations: 10
- Contested elections: 3
- Total seats with changes: 32
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders for members of the House and Senate committees can be found through the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of this article. The directory after the pages of terms of service lists committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and, after that, House/Senate committee assignments. On the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.
Senate
House of Representatives
Joint committees
- Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)
- Disposition of (Useless) Executive Papers
- High Cost of Living
- The Library (Chairman: Sen. Frank B. Brandegee)
- Pacific Coast Naval Bases
- Postal Salaries
- Postal Service
- Printing (Chairman: Sen. Reed Smoot)
- Reclassification of Salaries
- Reorganization
- Reorganization of the Administrative Branch of the Government
- Three Hundredth Anniversary of the Landing of the Pilgrims
- To Investigate the System of Shortime Rural Credits
Caucuses
Employees
Legislative branch agency directors
Senate
House of Representatives
See also
References
- ^ Rogers, Lindsay (1921). "The Third Session of the Sixty-Sixth Congress, December 6, 1920--March 4, 1921: The Ligislative Record". American Political Science Review. 15 (3): 366–372. doi:10.2307/1946693. ISSN 0003-0554.
- ^ Rogers, Lindsay (1921). "The Third Session of the Sixty-Sixth Congress, December 6, 1920--March 4, 1921: Notes on Procedure". American Political Science Review. 15 (3): 372–379. doi:10.2307/1946694. ISSN 0003-0554.
- ^ "Women Members by Congress, 1917–Present | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives". history.house.gov. Retrieved 2021-08-08.
- ^ The official U.S. Senate website provides the full story of this filibuster as part of a biography of Charles P. Higgins[1], the Senate Sergeant-at-Arms who was the only Democrat to fill that office in a space of almost forty years.
- ^ Senator Augustus O. Stanley (D-Kentucky) was elected but chose not to take his seat until May 19, 1919, preferring to continue his term as Governor of Kentucky. However, Stanley was duly elected and qualified and was therefore a Senator despite not taking his seat for two months.
- Gould, Lewis L. (2005). The Most Exclusive Club. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Books Group. ISBN 0-465-02778-4.
- Remini, Robert V. (2006). The House. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0-06-088434-7.
- U.S. Congress (2005). "Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress". Archived from the original on 1 June 2006. Retrieved 2006-06-01.
- U.S. House of Representatives (2006). "Congressional History". Archived from the original on 1 June 2006. Retrieved 2006-06-01.
- U.S. Senate (2006). "Statistics and Lists". Archived from the original on 1 June 2006. Retrieved 2006-06-01.
- Official Congressional Directory for the 66th Congress, 1st Session.
- Official Congressional Directory for the 66th Congress, 2nd Session.
- Official Congressional Directory for the 66th Congress, 2nd Session (1st Revision).
- Official Congressional Directory for the 66th Congress, 2nd Session (2nd Revision).
- Official Congressional Directory for the 66th Congress, 3rd Session.
- Official Congressional Directory for the 66th Congress, 3rd Session (Revision).