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Список автобусных маршрутов в Лондоне

Два двухэтажных автобуса на маршрутах 8 и 205 в Бишопсгейте в 2022 году
Одноэтажный автобус на маршруте 309 в деревне Аберфелди в 2022 году.

Это список автобусных маршрутов, контрактных с компанией Transport for London (TfL) в Лондоне , Англия, а также коммерческих служб, которые осуществляют перевозки в районе Большого Лондона (за исключением междугородных автобусов ).

Автобусные перевозки в Лондоне осуществляют компании Arriva London , Go-Ahead London ( Blue Triangle , Docklands Buses , London Central и London General ), Metroline , RATP Dev Transit London ( London Sovereign , London United и London Transit), Stagecoach London ( East London , Selkent и Thameside ), Transport UK London Bus и Uno . Спонсируемые TfL операторы осуществляют более 500 рейсов.

Примерами операторов, не спонсируемых TfL, являются, помимо прочего: Arriva Herts & Essex , Arriva Southern Counties , Carousel Buses , Diamond South East , Go-Coach , First Beeline , Metrobus , Stagecoach South , Thames Valley Buses и Reading Buses .

Классификация номеров маршрутов

В викторианские времена люди, которые садились в автобус, узнавали владельца и маршрут омнибуса (лат. «для всех») только по его ливрее и названию линии, с нарисованными на боках знаками, показывающими две конечные остановки, чтобы обозначить маршрут. Затем, в 1906 году, Джордж Сэмюэл Дикс из London Motor Omnibus Company решил, что, поскольку название линии «Vanguard» оказалось очень популярным, он назовет все линии «Vanguard» и пронумерует пять маршрутов компании от 1 до 5. Другие операторы вскоре увидели преимущество в том, что уникальный номер маршрута было легче запомнить для путешествующей публики, и поэтому практика использования номеров маршрутов вскоре распространилась. [1]

Историческая классификация

Трамвай Фелтема (использовался до 1933 года), на котором видны только две ячейки для номера маршрута.

Автобусные маршруты, обслуживаемые London Transport, были сгруппированы следующим образом.

Закон о дорожном движении в Лондоне 1924 года ввел нумерацию, известную как схема Бассома, названную в честь суперинтенданта (позднее главного констебля ) Артура Эрнеста Бассома из столичной полиции , который ее разработал. В течение многих десятилетий варианты и сокращенные работы использовали буквенные суффиксы (например, «77B»). Номера отражали компанию, которая управляла маршрутом.

Нумерация была пересмотрена в 1934 году после создания London Transport : [2]

Текущая классификация

Список маршрутов

Все маршруты действуют в обоих направлениях, если иное не указано особо.

1–99

100–199

200–299

300–399

400–499

500–599

600–699

Номера маршрутов от 600 до 699 используются для обслуживания школ, при этом большинство из них осуществляют один обратный рейс в каждый будний день в часы пик и во время учебного года. [117]

900–999

Номера маршрутов от 900 до 999 представляют собой автобусы для мобильности; они в основном обеспечивают еженедельную поездку туда и обратно в местный торговый центр из относительно малонаселенных районов, где нет альтернативного маршрута в основной автобусной сети. Количество маршрутов автобусов для мобильности сократилось за последние несколько лет, поскольку на всех маршрутах London Buses ходят низкопольные и доступные для инвалидных колясок автобусы.

Буквенные префиксы

Маршруты транзита в Ист-Лондоне (с префиксом EL)

Маршруты Superloop (с префиксом SL)

Маршруты только в ночное время (с префиксом N)

Маршруты ночных автобусов часто связаны с дневным числовым эквивалентом, обычно выполняя тот же маршрут, но с расширением на обоих концах обслуживания. Обычно это делается для того, чтобы обеспечить ночное обслуживание в пунктах назначения, обслуживаемых метро или поездом в течение дня. [142]

Однако есть несколько номеров маршрутов с префиксом N, которые не имеют отношения к их дневным эквивалентам: N5, N20 и N97 работают в другой части Лондона, чем их соответствующие дневные маршруты. Кроме того, N550 и N551 (которые обеспечивают ночное обслуживание в частях сети DLR), и N271 (чье дневное обслуживание было отменено 4 февраля 2023 года) не имеют соответствующих дневных маршрутов. [142]

Существуют также круглосуточные маршруты, которые ходят и днем, и ночью, но обычно с меньшей частотой в ночные часы. Подавляющее большинство ходят по одному и тому же маршруту в любое время. С введением Night Tube некоторые дневные маршруты были продлены для работы в пятницу и субботу вечером, чтобы обслуживать станции.

Автобусные маршруты, не относящиеся к TfL, в Большом Лондоне

Эти автобусные маршруты не имеют контракта с TfL и, следовательно, не являются « лондонскими автобусами », все, кроме трех, курсируют из деревень и городов за пределами Большого Лондона в пункты назначения внутри. Они окрашены в цвет, выбранный оператором, поэтому не обязательно красные, как лондонские автобусы , и большинство из них не принимают карты Oyster . Эти маршруты обслуживаются с разрешением на обслуживание в Лондоне, выданным TfL , поэтому они распознаются автобусными картами TfL и отображаются на автобусных остановках TfL . [143]

Бывшие маршруты

Future routes

Temporary routes

There are two special Transport for London express routes that run annually during the Notting Hill Carnival. These are:[233]

See also

References

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Bibliography

External links