The New York Times ( NYT ) [b] — американская ежедневная газета, базирующаяся в Нью-Йорке . The New York Times освещает внутренние, национальные и международные новости, а также публикует авторские статьи, отчеты о расследованиях и обзоры. Будучи одной из старейших газет в Соединенных Штатах, « Таймс» является одной из самых авторитетных газет страны. По состоянию на 2023 год The New York Times — вторая по тиражу газета в США ; включая онлайн-подписчиков,тираж « Таймс» составляет 10,36 миллиона экземпляров, что является наибольшим показателем среди всех газет в США . «Нью-Йорк Таймс» издается компанией «Нью-Йорк Таймс» ; с 1896 года компанию возглавляет семья Охс-Сульцбергер, нынешним председателем и издателем газеты является А. Г. Сульцбергер .The Times находится в здании The New York Times Building в центре Манхэттена .
The Times была основана как консервативная New-York Daily Times в 1851 году и получила национальное признание в 1870-х годах благодаря агрессивному освещению коррумпированного политика Уильяма М. Твида . После паники 1893 года издатель Chattanooga Times Адольф Окс получил контрольный пакет акций компании. В 1935 году Окса сменил его зять Артур Хейс Сульцбергер , который начал продвигать европейские новости. Зять Сульцбергера Артур Окс стал издателем в 1963 году, приспособившись к меняющейся газетной индустрии и внеся радикальные изменения. Газета New York Times участвовала в знаменательном деле Верховного суда США 1964 года New York Times Co. против Салливана , которое ограничивало возможности государственных чиновников подавать в суд на средства массовой информации за клевету .
В 1971 году газета «Нью-Йорк Таймс» опубликовала « Документы Пентагона » — внутренний документ Министерства обороны , подробно описывающий историческое участие Соединённых Штатов во Вьетнамской войне , несмотря на противодействие со стороны тогдашнего президента Ричарда Никсона . В знаковом решении «Нью-Йорк Таймс Ко. против США» (1971 г.) Верховный суд постановил, что Первая поправка гарантирует право на публикацию документов Пентагона . В 1980-х годах « Таймс» начала двадцатилетний переход к цифровым технологиям и запустила nytimes.com в 1996 году. В 21 веке «Нью-Йорк Таймс» перенесла свои публикации в Интернет на фоне глобального упадка газет .
The Times расширилась до нескольких других изданий, включая The New York Times Magazine , The New York Times International Edition и The New York Times Book Review . Кроме того, газета выпустила несколько телесериалов, подкастов, в том числе The Daily , и игр для The New York Times Games . Газета New York Times за свою историю была замешана в нескольких спорах . The Times имеет несколько региональных бюро, в которых работают журналисты на шести континентах. По состоянию на 2023 год New York Times получила 137 Пулитцеровских премий , больше, чем любое другое издание, среди других наград .
Газета New York Times была основана в 1851 году журналистами New York Tribune Генри Джарвисом Рэймондом и Джорджем Джонсом . [4] « Таймс» имела широкое распространение, особенно среди консерваторов; Издатель New York Tribune Хорас Грили похвалил New York Daily Times . [5] Во время Гражданской войны в США корреспонденты Times собирали информацию непосредственно из штатов Конфедерации . [6] В 1869 году Джонс унаследовал газету от Рэймонда, [7] который изменил ее название на The New-York Times . [8] При Джонсе « Таймс» начала публиковать серию статей с критикой политического босса Таммани-холла Уильяма М. Твида , несмотря на яростное сопротивление со стороны других нью-йоркских газет. [9] В 1871 году газета «Нью-Йорк Таймс» опубликовала бухгалтерские книги Таммани Холла; Твида судили в 1873 году и приговорили к двенадцати годам тюремного заключения. The Times заслужила национальное признание за освещение событий в Твиде. [10] В 1891 году Джонс умер, создав управленческую запутанную ситуацию, в которой у его детей не было достаточной деловой хватки, чтобы унаследовать компанию, а его воля помешала приобретению Times . [11] Главный редактор Чарльз Рэнсом Миллер , редакционный редактор Эдвард Кэри и корреспондент Джордж Ф. Спинни основали компанию для управления The New-York Times , [12] но столкнулись с финансовыми трудностями во время паники 1893 года . [13]
В августе 1896 года издатель Chattanooga Times Адольф Окс приобрел The New-York Times , внеся существенные изменения в структуру газеты. Окс основал «Таймс» как коммерческую газету и удалил дефис из названия газеты. [14] В 1905 году The New York Times открыла Times Tower , ознаменовав расширение. [15] В 1910-х годах газета « Таймс» пережила политическую перегруппировку на фоне ряда разногласий внутри Республиканской партии . [16] The New York Times сообщила о гибели Титаника , в то время как другие газеты с осторожностью относились к бюллетеням, распространяемым Associated Press . [17] Через главного редактора Карра Ван Анду «Таймс » сосредоточилась на научных достижениях, сообщая о тогда еще неизвестной теории общей относительности Альберта Эйнштейна и принимая участие в открытии гробницы Тутанхамона . [18] В апреле 1935 года Окс умер, оставив издателем своего зятя Артура Хейса Сульцбергера . [19] Великая депрессия вынудила Сульцбергера сократить объем деятельности The New York Times , [20] а развитие газетной ситуации в Нью-Йорке привело к созданию более крупных газет, таких как New York Herald Tribune и New York World- Телеграмма . [21] В отличие от Окса, Сульцбергер поощрял проволочную фотографию . [22]
Газета New York Times широко освещала Вторую мировую войну в крупных заголовках, [23] сообщая о таких эксклюзивных историях, как югославский государственный переворот . [24] Во время войны Сульцбергер начал дальнейшее расширение деятельности Times , приобретя WQXR-FM в 1944 году — первую инвестицию, не связанную с Times , со времен Джонса — и организовал показ мод в Таймс-холле. Несмотря на сокращения в результате призыва на военную службу, The New York Times сохранила самый большой штат журналистов среди всех газет. [25] Печатное издание «Таймс » стало доступно на международном уровне во время войны через Службу обмена армейских и военно-воздушных сил ; The New York Times Overseas Weekly позже стал доступен в Японии через The Asahi Shimbun и в Германии через Frankfurter Zeitung . Международное издание разовьется в отдельную газету . [26] Журналист Уильям Л. Лоуренс предал гласности гонку атомных бомб между Соединенными Штатами и Германией, в результате чего Федеральное бюро расследований конфисковало копии Times . Правительство Соединенных Штатов наняло Лоуренса для документирования Манхэттенского проекта в апреле 1945 года. [27] Лоуренс стал единственным свидетелем Манхэттенского проекта, деталь, обнаруженная сотрудниками The New York Times после атомной бомбардировки Хиросимы . [28]
После Второй мировой войны The New York Times продолжала расширяться. [29] The Times стала объектом расследований Подкомитета внутренней безопасности Сената , маккартистского подкомитета, который расследовал предполагаемый коммунизм внутри органов печати. Решение Артура Хейса Сульцбергера уволить копирайтера, который ссылался на Пятую поправку, вызвало гнев изнутри Times и внешних организаций. [30] В апреле 1961 года Сульцбергер подал в отставку, назначив своего зятя, президента The New York Times Company Орвила Драйфуса . [31] При Драйфусе The New York Times основала газету в Лос-Анджелесе . [32] В 1962 году внедрение автоматизированных печатных станков в ответ на рост затрат усилило опасения по поводу технологической безработицы . В декабре Нью-Йоркский типографский союз устроил забастовку , изменив медиапотребление жителей Нью-Йорка. Забастовка покинула Нью-Йорк с тремя оставшимися газетами — « Таймс» , « Дейли Ньюс» и « Нью-Йорк Пост» — к моменту ее завершения в марте 1963 года. [33] В мае Драйфус умер от болезни сердца. [34] После нескольких недель неопределенности Артур Окс Сульцбергер стал издателем The New York Times . [35]
Технологические достижения, используемые такими газетами, как Los Angeles Times , и улучшение освещения в The Washington Post и The Wall Street Journal потребовали адаптации к зарождающимся вычислениям. [36] В 1960 году газета «Нью-Йорк Таймс» опубликовала « Прислушайтесь к их растущим голосам », рекламу на всю страницу, купленную сторонниками Мартина Лютера Кинга-младшего, критикующую правоохранительные органы в Монтгомери, штат Алабама, за их реакцию на движение за гражданские права . Комиссар общественной безопасности Монтгомери Л. Б. Салливан подал в суд на Times за клевету. В деле New York Times Co. против Салливана (1964 г.) Верховный суд США постановил, что приговор окружного суда Алабамы и Верховного суда Алабамы нарушил Первую поправку . [37] Решение считается знаковым . [38] После финансовых потерь The New York Times прекратила свое международное издание , приобретя долю в Paris Herald Tribune , образовав International Herald Tribune . [39] Первоначально газета «Таймс» опубликовала документы Пентагона , столкнувшись с оппозицией со стороны тогдашнего президента Ричарда Никсона . Верховный суд вынес решение в пользу The New York Times в деле New York Times Co. против США (1971 г.), разрешив Times и The Washington Post публиковать эти статьи. [40]
Газета New York Times оставалась осторожной в своем первоначальном освещении Уотергейтского скандала . [41] Когда Конгресс начал расследование скандала, « Таймс» продолжила его освещение, [42] опубликовав подробности Хьюстонского плана , предполагаемое прослушивание телефонных разговоров репортеров и чиновников, [43] и показания Джеймса В. МакКорда-младшего о том, что Комитет по Переизбрание президента оправдало заговорщиков. [44] Отток читателей в пригородные газеты Нью-Йорка, такие как газеты Newsday и Gannett , отрицательно повлиял на тираж The New York Times . [45] Современные газеты отказались от дополнительных разделов; Time посвятил прикрытие своей критике, а Нью-Йорк написал, что Times занимается «эгоцентризмом среднего класса». [46] The New York Times , Daily News и New York Post стали объектом забастовки в 1978 году, [47] что позволило новым газетам использовать прекращенное освещение событий. [48] Газета «Таймс» намеренно избегала освещения эпидемии СПИДа , опубликовав свою первую статью на первой полосе в мае 1983 года. Редакционное освещение эпидемии Максом Франкелем с упоминанием анального секса контрастировало с редакционной статьей тогдашнего исполнительного редактора А. М. Розенталя . пуританский подход, намеренно избегающий описаний мрачных мест для геев. [49]
После нескольких лет снижения интереса к The New York Times Сульцбергер ушел в отставку в январе 1992 года, назначив издателем своего сына Артура Окса Сульцбергера-младшего . [50] Интернет ознаменовал смену поколений внутри Times ; Сульцбергер, который вел переговоры о приобретении The New York Times компании The Boston Globe в 1993 году, высмеивал Интернет, в то время как его сын выражал противоположные взгляды. @times появился на веб-сайте America Online в мае 1994 года как продолжение The New York Times и содержал новостные статьи, обзоры фильмов, спортивные новости и бизнес-статьи. [51] Несмотря на сопротивление, несколько сотрудников «Таймс » начали выходить в Интернет. [52] Интернет-успех изданий, традиционно сосуществовавших с «Таймс» , таких как America Online, Yahoo и CNN , а также расширение таких веб-сайтов, как Monster.com и Craigslist , которые поставили под угрозу модель секретной рекламы The New York Times . увеличение усилий по разработке веб-сайта. [53] nytimes.com дебютировал 19 января и был официально анонсирован три дня спустя. [54] В 1995 году The Times опубликовала эссе отечественного террориста Теда Качиньского « Индустриальное общество и его будущее» , что способствовало его аресту после того, как его брат Дэвид признал почерк эссе. [55]
После создания nytimes.com The New York Times сохранила свою журналистскую нерешительность под руководством исполнительного редактора Джозефа Леливельда , отказавшись публиковать статью о скандале Клинтон-Левински из Drudge Report . Редакторы nytimes.com несколько раз конфликтовали с редакторами печатных изданий, в том числе ошибочно назвали охранника Ричарда Джуэлла подозреваемым во взрыве в Олимпийском парке Столетия и более подробно освещали смерть Дианы, принцессы Уэльской, чем печатное издание. [56] Компания New York Times Electronic Media пострадала от краха доткомов . [57] The Times подробно освещала теракты 11 сентября . Печатный выпуск следующего дня содержал шестьдесят шесть статей, [58] работы более трехсот присланных репортеров. [59] Журналистка Джудит Миллер получила посылку с белым порошком во время атак сибирской язвы в 2001 году , что усилило беспокойство в The New York Times . [60] В сентябре 2002 года Миллер и военный корреспондент Майкл Р. Гордон написали статью для « Таймс» , в которой утверждалось, что Ирак закупил алюминиевые трубки . Эту статью процитировал тогдашний президент Джордж Буш, утверждая, что Ирак создает оружие массового уничтожения ; теоретическое использование алюминиевых трубок для производства ядерного материала было предположением. [61] В марте 2003 года США вторглись в Ирак , начав войну в Ираке . [62]
Газета New York Times вызвала споры после того, как было обнаружено, что тридцать шесть статей [63] журналиста Джейсона Блэра являются плагиатом. [64] Критика в адрес тогдашнего исполнительного редактора Хауэлла Рейнса и тогдашнего главного редактора Джеральда М. Бойда усилилась после скандала, кульминацией которого стала мэрия, в которой заместитель редактора раскритиковал Рейнса за то, что он не поставил под сомнение источники Блэра в статье, которую он написал на DC. снайперские атаки . [65] В июне 2003 года Рейнс и Бойд подали в отставку. [66] Артур Окс Сульцбергер-младший назначил Билла Келлера исполнительным редактором. [67] Миллер продолжал освещать войну в Ираке в качестве журналистской вставки, освещающей программу страны по созданию оружия массового уничтожения. Келлер и тогдашний глава вашингтонского бюро Джилл Абрамсон безуспешно пытались смягчить критику. Консервативные СМИ раскритиковали газету Times за освещение пропажи взрывчатки с оружейного объекта Аль-Кааа . [68] Статья в декабре 2005 года, раскрывающая несанкционированную слежку со стороны Агентства национальной безопасности, способствовала дальнейшей критике со стороны администрации Джорджа Буша и отказу Сената продлить Патриотический акт . [69] В деле Плейма расследование Центрального разведывательного управления показало , что Миллеру стало известно о личности Валери Плейм через главу аппарата тогдашнего вице-президента Дика Чейни Скутера Либби , что привело к отставке Миллера. [70]
Во время Великой рецессии The New York Times столкнулась с серьезными финансовыми трудностями из-за кризиса субстандартного ипотечного кредитования и сокращения тематической рекламы . [71] Усугубленная активизацией Рупертом Мердоком The Wall Street Journal посредством приобретения им Dow Jones & Company , The New York Times Company начала принимать меры по сокращению бюджета редакции. Компания была вынуждена занять 250 миллионов долларов (что эквивалентно 353,79 миллионам долларов в 2023 году) у мексиканского миллиардера Карлоса Слима и уволила более ста сотрудников к 2010 году . - Губернатор Нью-Йорка Элиот Спитцер способствовал легитимности веб-сайта как журналистского средства. [73] Экономический спад в The Times возобновил дискуссии о платном доступе в Интернете; [74] The New York Times ввела платный доступ в марте 2011 года. [75] Абрамсон сменила Келлер, [76] продолжив свои характерные расследования корпоративных и государственных должностных преступлений в материалах Times . [77] После конфликтов с амбициями недавно назначенного генерального директора Марка Томпсона , [78] Абрамсон была уволена Сульцбергером-младшим, который назвал Дина Баке своей заменой. [79]
В преддверии президентских выборов 2016 года The New York Times подняла полемику вокруг электронной переписки Хиллари Клинтон [80] и скандала вокруг Uranium One ; [81] Корреспондент национальной безопасности Майкл С. Шмидт первоначально написал статью в марте 2015 года, в которой утверждалось, что Хиллари Клинтон использовала частный сервер электронной почты в качестве государственного секретаря. [82] Неудачная победа Дональда Трампа способствовала увеличению числа подписчиков на Times . [83] The New York Times испытала беспрецедентное возмущение со стороны Трампа, который на Конференции консервативных политических действий назвал такие издания, как Times, « врагами народа » и написал в Твиттере о своем пренебрежении к газете и CNN . [84] В октябре 2017 года The New York Times опубликовала статью журналистов Джоди Кантор и Меган Туи, в которой утверждалось, что десятки женщин обвинили кинопродюсера и сопредседателя The Weinstein Company Харви Вайнштейна в сексуальных домогательствах. [85] Расследование привело к отставке и осуждению Вайнштейна, [86] ускорило эффект Вайнштейна , [87] и послужило катализатором движения #MeToo . [88] Компания New York Times освободила должность общественного редактора [89] и ликвидировала копировальный отдел в ноябре. [90] Сульцбергер-младший объявил о своей отставке в декабре 2017 года, назначив издателем своего сына А.Г. Сульцбергера . [91]
Отношения Трампа — в равной степени дипломатические и негативные — ознаменовали срок пребывания Сульцбергера в должности. [92] В сентябре 2018 года The New York Times опубликовала анонимное эссе « Я — часть сопротивления внутри администрации Трампа », написанное самопровозглашенным чиновником администрации Трампа, который, как позже выяснилось, был главой аппарата Министерства внутренней безопасности Майлзом Тейлором . [93] Враждебность, которая к маю 2019 года охватила почти триста случаев пренебрежительного отношения Трампа к Times , [94] достигла кульминации, когда в октябре 2019 года Трамп приказал федеральным агентствам отменить подписку на The New York Times и The Washington Post. [95] ] Налоговые декларации Трампа стали предметом трех отдельных расследований. [c] Во время пандемии COVID-19 газета Times начала внедрять сервисы обработки данных и графики. [99] 23 мая 2020 года на первой полосе газеты The New York Times было опубликовано исключительно сообщение о смертности в США около 100 000 человек, неисчислимая потеря , подгруппа из 100 000 человек в Соединенных Штатах, умерших от Covid-19, впервые На первой странице Times отсутствовали изображения с момента их появления. [100] С 2020 года The New York Times сосредоточилась на более широкой диверсификации, разработке онлайн-игр и производстве телесериалов. [101] Компания New York Times приобрела The Athletic в январе 2022 года. [102]
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С 1896 года «Нью-Йорк Таймс» издается семьей Окс-Сульцбергер, ранее ее публиковал Генри Джарвис Рэймонд до 1869 года [103] и Джордж Джонс до 1896 года. [104] Адольф Окс издавал « Таймс» до своей смерти в 1935 году. , [105] когда ему наследовал его зять Артур Хейс Сульцбергер . Сульцбергер был издателем до 1961 года [106] , и его сменил Орвил Драйфус , его зять, который занимал эту должность до своей смерти в 1963 году. [107] Артур Окс Сульцбергер сменил Драйфуса до его отставки в 1992 году. [108] Его сын, Артур Окс Сульцбергер-младший , был издателем до 2018 года. Нынешним издателем New York Times является А.Г. Сульцбергер , сын Сульцбергера-младшего. [91] По состоянию на 2023 год исполнительным редактором Times является Джозеф Кан [ 109] , а ответственными редакторами газеты являются Марк Лейси и Кэролайн Райан , назначенные в июне 2022 года. [110] Заместители главного редактора The New York Times - Сэм Дольник , [111] Моника Дрейк , [112] и Стив Дуэнс , [113] и помощники главного редактора газеты - Мэтью Эриксон, [114] Джонатан Галински, Ханна Поферл, Сэм Сифтон , Каррон Ског, [115] и Майкл Слэкман . [116]
The New York Times принадлежит The New York Times Company , публичной компании. Компания New York Times, помимо Times , владеет Wirecutter , The Athletic , The New York Times Cooking и The New York Times Games, а также приобрела Serial Productions и Audm. Компания New York Times владеет нераскрытыми миноритарными инвестициями во многих других предприятиях и ранее владела The Boston Globe и несколькими радио- и телевизионными станциями. [117] Контрольный пакет акций компании New York Times принадлежит семье Охс-Сульцбергер через повышенные акции в двухклассной структуре акций компании, которые в основном находятся в доверительном управлении, действующем с 1950-х годов; [118] По состоянию на 2022 год семья владеет девяноста пятью процентами акций класса B The New York Times Company , что позволяет ей избирать семьдесят процентов совета директоров компании. [119] Акционеры класса А имеют ограниченное право голоса. [120] По состоянию на 2023 год генеральным директором The New York Times Company является Мередит Копит Левиен , бывший главный операционный директор компании, назначенный в сентябре 2020 года. [121]
По данным заместителя главного редактора Сэма Дольника , по состоянию на март 2023 года в компании The New York Times работают 5800 человек, [101] в том числе 1700 журналистов . [122] Журналисты газеты «Нью-Йорк Таймс» не имеют права баллотироваться на государственные должности, оказывать финансовую поддержку политическим кандидатам или политическим движениям, поддерживать кандидатов или демонстрировать публичную поддержку политических партий или движений. [123] На журналистов распространяются правила, установленные в «Этической журналистике» и «Руководстве по добросовестности». [124] Согласно первому, журналисты «Таймс» должны воздерживаться от использования источников, имеющих к ним личное отношение, и не должны принимать возмещение или поощрение от лиц, о которых может быть написано в «Нью-Йорк Таймс» , за исключением подарков номинальной стоимости. [125] Последнее требует указания авторства и точных цитат, хотя исключения делаются для лингвистических аномалий. Ожидается, что штатные авторы будут обеспечивать достоверность всех письменных утверждений, но могут поручить исследование малоизвестных фактов исследовательскому отделу. [126] В марте 2021 года газета «Таймс» учредила комитет во избежание журналистских конфликтов интересов с работами, написанными для «Нью-Йорк таймс» , после ухода обозревателя Дэвида Брукса из Института Аспена за его нераскрытую работу над инициативой Weave. [127]
The New York Times editorial board was established in 1896 by Adolph Ochs. With the opinion department, the editorial board is independent of the newsroom.[166] Then-editor-in-chief Charles Ransom Miller served as opinion editor from 1883 until his death in 1922.[167] Rollo Ogden succeeded Miller until his death in 1937.[168] From 1937 to 1938, John Huston Finley served as opinion editor; in a prearranged plan, Charles Merz succeeded Finley.[169] Merz served in the position until his retirement in 1961.[170] John Bertram Oakes served as opinion editor from 1961 to 1976, when then-publisher Arthur Ochs Sulzberger appointed Max Frankel.[171] Frankel served in the position until 1986, when he was appointed as executive editor.[172] Jack Rosenthal was the opinion editor from 1986 to 1993.[173] Howell Raines succeeded Rosenthal until 2001, when he was made executive editor.[174] Gail Collins succeeded Raines until her resignation in 2006.[175] From 2007 to 2016, Andrew Rosenthal was the opinion editor.[176] James Bennet succeeded Rosenthal until his resignation in 2020.[177] As of July 2024[update], the editorial board comprises thirteen opinion writers.[178] The New York Times's opinion editor is Kathleen Kingsbury[179] and the deputy opinion editor is Patrick Healy.[115]
The New York Times's editorial board was initially opposed to liberal beliefs, opposing women's suffrage in 1900 and 1914. The editorial board began to espouse progressive beliefs during Oakes' tenure, conflicting with the Ochs-Sulzberger family, of which Oakes was a member as Adolph Ochs's nephew; in 1976, Oakes publicly disagreed with Sulzberger's endorsement of Daniel Patrick Moynihan over Bella Abzug in the 1976 Senate Democratic primaries in a letter sent from Martha's Vineyard. Under Rosenthal, the editorial board took positions supporting assault weapons legislation and the legalization of marijuana, but publicly criticized the Obama administration over its portrayal of terrorism.[176] Since 1960, The New York Times has endorsed Democratic candidates, supporting a total of twelve Republican candidates and thirty Democratic candidates.[180][181][j] With the exception of Wendell Willkie, Republicans endorsed by the Times have won the presidency. In 2016, the editorial board issued an anti-endorsement against Donald Trump for the first time in its history.[182]
Since 1940, editorial, media, and technology workers of The New York Times have been represented by the New York Times Guild. The Times Guild, along with the Times Tech Guild, are represented by the NewsGuild-CWA.[183] In 1940, Arthur Hays Sulzberger was called upon by the National Labor Relations Board amid accusations that he had discouraged Guild membership in the Times. Over the next few years, the Guild would ratify several contracts, expanding to editorial and news staff in 1942 and maintenance workers in 1943.[184] The New York Times Guild has walked out several times in its history, including for six and a half hours in 1981[185] and in 2017, when copy editors and reporters walked out at lunchtime in response to the elimination of the copy desk.[186] On December 7, 2022, the union held a one-day strike,[187] the first interruption to The New York Times since 1978.[188] The New York Times Guild reached an agreement in May 2023 to increase minimum salaries for employees and a retroactive bonus.[189] The Times Tech Guild is the largest technology union with collective bargaining rights in the United States.[190]
As of May 2024, The New York Times has 10.5 million subscribers, with 9.9 million online subscribers and 640,000 print subscribers,[191] the second-largest newspaper by print circulation in the United States behind The Wall Street Journal.[192] The New York Times Company intends to have fifteen million subscribers by 2027.[193] The Times's shift towards subscription-based revenue with the debut of an online paywall in 2011 contributed to subscription revenue exceeding advertising revenue the following year, furthered by the 2016 presidential election and Donald Trump.[194] In 2022, Vox wrote that The New York Times's subscribers skew "older, richer, whiter, and more liberal"; to reflect the general population of the United States, the Times has attempted to alter its audience by acquiring The Athletic, investing in verticals such as The New York Times Games, and beginning a marketing campaign showing diverse subscribers to the Times. The New York Times Company chief executive Meredith Kopit Levien stated that the average age of subscribers has remained constant.[195]
In October 2001, The New York Times began publishing DealBook, a financial newsletter edited by Andrew Ross Sorkin. The Times had intended to publish the newsletter in September, but delayed its debut following the September 11 attacks.[196] A website for DealBook was established in March 2006.[197] The New York Times began shifting towards DealBook as part of the newspaper's financial coverage in November 2010 with a renewed website and a presence in the Times's print edition.[198] In 2011, the Times began hosting the DealBook Summit, an annual conference hosted by Sorkin.[199] During the COVID-19 pandemic, The New York Times hosted the DealBook Online Summit in 2020[200] and 2021.[201] The 2022 DealBook Summit featured — among other speakers — former vice president Mike Pence and Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu,[202] culminating in an interview with former FTX chief executive Sam Bankman-Fried; FTX had filed for bankruptcy several weeks prior.[203] The 2023 DealBook Summit's speakers included vice president Kamala Harris, Israeli president Isaac Herzog, and businessman Elon Musk.[199]
In June 2010, The New York Times licensed the political blog FiveThirtyEight in a three-year agreement.[204] The blog, written by Nate Silver, had garnered attention during the 2008 presidential election for predicting the elections in forty-nine of fifty states. FiveThirtyEight appeared on nytimes.com in August.[205] According to Silver, several offers were made for the blog; Silver wrote that a merger of unequals must allow for editorial sovereignty and resources from the acquirer, comparing himself to Groucho Marx.[206] According to The New Republic, FiveThirtyEight drew as much as a fifth of the traffic to nytimes.com during the 2012 presidential election.[207] In July 2013, FiveThirtyEight was sold to ESPN.[208] In an article following Silver's exit, public editor Margaret Sullivan wrote that he was disruptive to the Times's culture for his perspective on probability-based predictions and scorn for polling — having stated that punditry is "fundamentally useless", comparing him to Billy Beane, who implemented sabermetrics in baseball. According to Sullivan, his work was criticized by several notable political journalists.[209]
The New Republic obtained a memo in November 2013 revealing then-Washington bureau chief David Leonhardt's ambitions to establish a data-driven newsletter with presidential historian Michael Beschloss, graphic designer Amanda Cox, economist Justin Wolfers, and The New Republic journalist Nate Cohn.[210] By March, Leonhardt had amassed fifteen employees from within The New York Times; the newsletter's staff included individuals who had created the Times's dialect quiz, fourth down analyzer, and a calculator for determining buying or renting a home.[211] The Upshot debuted in April 2014.[212] Fast Company reviewed an article about Illinois Secure Choice — a state-funded retirement saving system — as "neither a terse news item, nor a formal financial advice column, nor a politically charged response to economic policy", citing its informal and neutral tone.[213] The Upshot developed "the needle" for the 2016 presidential election and 2020 presidential elections, a thermometer dial displaying the probability of a candidate winning.[214] In January 2016, Cox was named editor of The Upshot.[215] Kevin Quealy was named editor in June 2022.[216]
According to an internal readership poll conducted by The New York Times in 2019, eighty-four percent of readers identified as liberal.[217]
In February 1942, The New York Times crossword debuted in The New York Times Magazine; according to Richard Shepard, the attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941 convinced then-publisher Arthur Hays Sulzberger of the necessity of a crossword.[218]
The New York Times has published recipes since the 1850s and has had a separate food section since the 1940s.[219] In 1961, restaurant critic Craig Claiborne published The New York Times Cookbook,[220] an unauthorized cookbook that drew from the Times's recipes.[221] Since 2010, former food editor Amanda Hesser has published The Essential New York Times Cookbook, a compendium of recipes from The New York Times.[222] The Innovation Report in 2014 revealed that the Times had attempted to establish a cooking website since 1998, but faced difficulties with the absence of a defined data structure.[223] In September 2014, The New York Times introduced NYT Cooking, an application and website.[224] Edited by food editor Sam Sifton,[221] the Times's cooking website features 21,000 recipes as of 2022.[225] NYT Cooking features videos as part of an effort by Sifton to hire two former Tasty employees from BuzzFeed.[221] In August 2023, NYT Cooking added personalized recommendations through the cosine similarity of text embeddings of recipe titles.[226] The website also features no-recipe recipes, a concept proposed by Sifton.[227]
In May 2016, The New York Times Company announced a partnership with startup Chef'd to form a meal delivery service that would deliver ingredients from The New York Times Cooking recipes to subscribers;[228] Chef'd shut down in July 2018 after failing to accrue capital and secure financing.[229] The Hollywood Reporter reported in September 2022 that the Times would expand its delivery options to US$95 cooking kits curated by chefs such as Nina Compton, Chintan Pandya, and Naoko Takei Moore. That month, the staff of NYT Cooking went on tour with Compton, Pandya, and Moore in Los Angeles, New Orleans, and New York City, culminating in a food festival.[230] In addition, The New York Times offered its own wine club originally operated by the Global Wine Company. The New York Times Wine Club was established in August 2009, during a dramatic decrease in advertising revenue.[231] By 2021, the wine club was managed by Lot18, a company that provides proprietary labels. Lot18 managed the Williams Sonoma Wine Club and its own wine club Tasting Room.[232]
The New York Times archives its articles in a basement annex beneath its building known as "the morgue", a venture started by managing editor Carr Van Anda in 1907. The morgue comprises news clippings, a pictures library, and the Times's book and periodicals library. As of 2014, it is the largest library of any media company, dating back to 1851.[233] In November 2018, The New York Times partnered with Google to digitize the Archival Library.[234] Additionally, The New York Times has maintained a virtual microfilm reader known as TimesMachine since 2014. The service launched with archives from 1851 to 1980; in 2016, TimesMachine expanded to include archives from 1981 to 2002. The Times built a pipeline to take in TIFF images, article metadata in XML and an INI file of Cartesian geometry describing the boundaries of the page, and convert it into a PNG of image tiles and JSON containing the information in the XML and INI files. The image tiles are generated using GDAL and displayed using Leaflet, using data from a content delivery network. The Times ran optical character recognition on the articles using Tesseract and shingled and fuzzy string matched the result.[235]
The New York Times uses a proprietary[236] content management system known as Scoop for its online content and the Microsoft Word-based content management system CCI for its print content. Scoop was developed in 2008 to serve as a secondary content management system for editors working in CCI to publish their content on the Times's website; as part of The New York Times's online endeavors, editors now write their content in Scoop and send their work to CCI for print publication. Since its introduction, Scoop has superseded several processes within the Times, including print edition planning and collaboration, and features tools such as multimedia integration, notifications, content tagging, and drafts. The New York Times uses private articles for high-profile opinion pieces, such as those written by Russian president Vladimir Putin and actress Angelina Jolie, and for high-level investigations.[237] In January 2012, the Times released Integrated Content Editor (ICE), a revision tracking tool for WordPress and TinyMCE. ICE is integrated within the Times's workflow by providing a unified text editor for print and online editors, reducing the divide between print and online operations.[238]
By 2017,[239] The New York Times began developing a new authoring tool to its content management system known as Oak, in an attempt to further the Times's visual efforts in articles and reduce the discrepancy between the mediums in print and online articles.[240] The system reduces the input of editors and supports additional visual mediums in an editor that resembles the appearance of the article.[239] Oak is based on ProseMirror, a JavaScript rich-text editor toolkit, and retains the revision tracking and commenting functionalities of The New York Times's previous systems. Additionally, Oak supports predefined article headers.[241] In 2019, Oak was updated to support collaborative editing using Firebase to update editors's cursor status. Several Google Cloud Functions and Google Cloud Tasks allow articles to be previewed as they will be printed, and the Times's primary MySQL database is regularly updated to update editors on the article status.[242]
Since 1895, The New York Times has maintained a manual of style in several forms. The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage was published on the Times's intranet in 1999.[243]
The New York Times uses honorifics when referring to individuals. With the AP Stylebook's removal of honorifics in 2000 and The Wall Street Journal's omission of courtesy titles in May 2023, the Times is the only national newspaper that continues to use honorifics. According to former copy editor Merrill Perlman, The New York Times continues to use honorifics as a "sign of civility".[244] The Times's use of courtesy titles led to an apocryphal rumor that the paper had referred to singer Meat Loaf as "Mr. Loaf".[245] Several exceptions have been made; the former sports section and The New York Times Book Review do not use honorifics.[246] A leaked memo following the killing of Osama bin Laden in May 2011 revealed that editors were given a last-minute instruction to omit the honorific from Osama bin Laden's name, consistent with deceased figures of historic significance, such as Adolf Hitler, Napoleon, and Vladimir Lenin.[247] The New York Times uses academic and military titles for individuals prominently serving in that position.[248] In 1986, the Times began to use Ms,[246] and introduced the gender-neutral title Mx. in 2015.[249] The New York Times uses initials when a subject has expressed a preference, such as Donald Trump.[250]
The New York Times maintains a strict but not absolute obscenity policy, including phrases. In a review of the Canadian hardcore punk band Fucked Up, music critic Kelefa Sanneh wrote that the band's name—entirely rendered in asterisks—would not be printed in the Times "unless an American president, or someone similar, says it by mistake";[251] The New York Times did not repeat then-vice president Dick Cheney's use of "fuck" against then-senator Patrick Leahy in 2004[252] or then-vice president Joe Biden's remarks that the passage of the Affordable Care Act in 2010 was a "big fucking deal".[253] The Times's profanity policy has been tested by former president Donald Trump. The New York Times published Trump's Access Hollywood tape in October 2016, containing the words "fuck", "pussy", "bitch", and "tits", the first time the publication had published an expletive on its front page,[254] and repeated an explicit phrase for fellatio stated by then-White House communications director Anthony Scaramucci in July 2017.[255] The New York Times omitted Trump's use of the phrase "shithole countries" from its headline in favor of "vulgar language" in January 2018.[256] The Times banned certain words, such as "bitch", "whore", and "sluts", from Wordle in 2022.[257]
Journalists for The New York Times do not write their own headlines, but rather copy editors who specifically write headlines. The Times's guidelines insist headline editors get to the main point of an article but avoid giving away endings, if present. Other guidelines include using slang "sparingly", avoiding tabloid headlines, not ending a line on a preposition, article, or adjective, and chiefly, not to pun. The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage states that wordplay, such as "Rubber Industry Bounces Back", is to be tested on a colleague as a canary is to be tested in a coal mine; "when no song bursts forth, start rewriting".[258] The New York Times has amended headlines due to controversy. In 2019, following two back-to-back mass shootings in El Paso and Dayton, the Times used the headline, "Trump Urges Unity vs. Racism", to describe then-president Donald Trump's words after the shootings. After criticism from FiveThirtyEight founder Nate Silver, the headline was changed to, "Assailing Hate But Not Guns".[259]
Online, The New York Times's headlines do not face the same length restrictions as headlines that appear in print; print headlines must fit within a column, often six words. Additionally, headlines must "break" properly, containing a complete thought on each line without splitting up prepositions and adverbs. Writers may edit a headline to fit an article more aptly if further developments occur. The Times uses A/B testing for articles on the front page, placing two headlines against each other. At the end of the test, the headlines that receives more traffic is chosen.[260] The alteration of a headline regarding intercepted Russian data used in the Mueller special counsel investigation was noted by Trump in a March 2017 interview with Time, in which he claimed that the headline used the word "wiretapped" in the print version of the paper on January 20, while the digital article on January 19 omitted the word. The headline was intentionally changed in the print version to use "wiretapped" in order to fit within the print guidelines.[261]
The nameplate of The New York Times has been unaltered since 1967. In creating the initial nameplate, Henry Jarvis Raymond sought to model The London Times, which used a Blackletter style called Textura, popularized following the fall of the Western Roman Empire and regional variations of Alcuin's script, as well as a period. With the change to The New-York Times on September 14, 1857, the nameplate followed. Under George Jones, the terminals of the "N", "r", and "s" were intentionally exaggerated into swashes. The nameplate in the January 15, 1894, issue trimmed the terminals once more, smoothed the edges, and turned the stem supporting the "T" into an ornament. The hyphen was dropped on December 1, 1896, after Adolph Ochs purchased the paper. The descender of the "h" was shortened on December 30, 1914. The largest change to the nameplate was introduced on February 21, 1967, when type designer Ed Benguiat redesigned the logo, most prominently turning the arrow ornament into a diamond. Notoriously, the new logo dropped the period that remained with the Times up until that point; one reader compared the omission of the period to "performing plastic surgery on Helen of Troy." Picture editor John Radosta worked with a New York University professor to determine that dropping the period saved the paper US$41.28 (equivalent to $377.21 in 2023).[262]
As of December 2023, The New York Times has printed sixty thousand issues, a statistic represented in the paper's masthead to the right of the volume number, the Times's years in publication written in Roman numerals.[263] The volume and issues are separated by four dots representing the edition number of that issue; on the day of the 2000 presidential election, the Times was revised four separate times, necessitating the use of an em dash in place of an ellipsis.[264] The em dash issue was printed hundreds times over before being replaced by the one-dot issue. Despite efforts by newsroom employees to recycle copies sent to The New York Times's office, several copies were kept, including one put on display at the Museum at The Times.[265] From February 7, 1898, to December 31, 1999, the Times's issue number was incorrect by five hundred issues, an error suspected by The Atlantic to be the result of a careless front page type editor. The misreporting was noticed by news editor Aaron Donovan, who was calculating the number of issues in a spreadsheet and noticed the discrepancy. The New York Times celebrated fifty thousand issues on March 14, 1995, an observance that should have occurred on July 26, 1996.[266]
The New York Times has reduced the physical size of its print edition while retaining its broadsheet format. The New-York Daily Times debuted at 18 inches (460 mm) across. By the 1950s, the Times was being printed at 16 inches (410 mm) across. In 1953, an increase in paper costs to US$10 (equivalent to $113.88 in 2023) a ton increased newsprint costs to US$21.7 million (equivalent to $308,616,417.91 in 2023) On December 28, 1953, the pages were reduced to 15.5 inches (390 mm). On February 14, 1955, a further reduction to 15 inches (380 mm) occurred, followed by 14.5 and 13.5 inches (370 and 340 mm). On August 6, 2007, the largest cut occurred when the pages were reduced to 12 inches (300 mm),[k] a decision that other broadsheets had previously considered. Then-executive editor Bill Keller stated that a narrower paper would be more beneficial to the reader but acknowledged a net loss in article space of five percent.[267] In 1985, The New York Times Company established a minority stake in a US$21.7 million (equivalent to $308,616,417.91 in 2023) newsprint plant in Clermont, Quebec through Donahue Malbaie.[268] The company sold its equity interest in Donahue Malbaie in 2017.[269]
The New York Times often uses large, bolded headlines for major events. For the print version of the Times, these headlines are written by one copy editor, reviewed by two other copy editors, approved by the masthead editors, and polished by other print editors. The process is completed before 8 p.m., but it may be repeated if further development occur, as did take place during the 2020 presidential election. On the day Joe Biden was declared the winner, The New York Times utilized a "hammer headline" reading, "Biden Beats Trump", in all caps and bolded. A dozen journalists discussed several potential headlines, such as "It's Biden" or "Biden's Moment", and prepared for a Donald Trump victory, in which they would use "Trump Prevails".[270] During Trump's first impeachment, the Times drafted the hammer headline, "Trump Impeached". The New York Times altered the ligatures between the E and the A, as not doing so would leave a noticeable gap due to the stem of the A sloping away from the E. The Times reused the tight kerning for "Biden Beats Trump" and Trump's second impeachment, which simply read, "Impeached".[271]
In cases where two major events occur on the same day or immediately after each other, The New York Times has used a "paddle wheel" headline, where both headlines are used but split by a line. The term dates back to August 8, 1959, when it was revealed that the United States was monitoring Soviet missile firings and when Explorer 6 — shaped like a paddle wheel — launched. Since then, the paddle wheel has been used several times, including on January 21, 1981, when Ronald Reagan was sworn in minutes before Iran released fifty-two American hostages, ending the Iran hostage crisis. At the time, most newspapers favored the end of the hostage crisis, but the Times placed the inauguration above the crisis. Since 1981, the paddle wheel has been used twice; on July 26, 2000, when the 2000 Camp David Summit ended without an agreement and when Bush announced that Dick Cheney would be his running mate, and on June 24, 2016, when the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum passed, beginning Brexit, and when the Supreme Court deadlocked in United States v. Texas.[272]
The New York Times has run editorials from its editorial board on the front page twice. On June 13, 1920, the Times ran an editorial opposing Warren G. Harding, who was nominated during that year's Republican Party presidential primaries.[273] Amid growing acceptance to run editorials on the front pages[274] from publications such as the Detroit Free Press, The Patriot-News, The Arizona Republic, and The Indianapolis Star, The New York Times ran an editorial on its front page on December 5, 2015, following a terrorist attack in San Bernardino, California, in which fourteen people were killed.[275] The editorial advocates for the prohibition of "slightly modified combat rifles" used in the San Bernardino shooting and "certain kinds of ammunition".[273] Conservative figures, including Texas senator Ted Cruz, The Weekly Standard editor Bill Kristol, Fox & Friends co-anchor Steve Doocy, and then-New Jersey governor Chris Christie criticized the Times. Talk radio host Erick Erickson acquired an issue of The New York Times to fire several rounds into the paper, posting a picture online.[276]
Since 1997,[277] The New York Times's primary distribution center is located in College Point, Queens. The facility is 300,000 sq ft (28,000 m2) and employs 170 people as of 2017. The College Point distribution center prints 300,000 to 800,000 newspapers daily. On most occasions, presses start before 11 p.m. and finish before 3 a.m. A robotic crane grabs a roll of newsprint and several rollers ensure ink can be printed on paper. The final newspapers are wrapped in plastic and shipped out.[278] As of 2018, the College Point facility accounted for 41 percent of production. Other copies are printed at 26 other publications, such as The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, The Dallas Morning News, The Santa Fe New Mexican, and the Courier Journal. With the decline of newspapers, particularly regional publications, the Times must travel further; for example, newspapers for Hawaii are flown from San Francisco on United Airlines, and Sunday papers are flown from Los Angeles on Hawaiian Airlines. Computer glitches, mechanical issues, and weather phenomena affect circulation but do not stop the paper from reaching customers.[279] The College Point facility prints over two dozen other papers, including The Wall Street Journal and USA Today.[280]
The New York Times has halted its printing process several times to account for major developments. The first printing stoppage occurred on March 31, 1968, when then-president Lyndon B. Johnson announced that he would not seek a second term. Other press stoppages include May 19, 1994, for the death of former first lady Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, and July 17, 1996, for Trans World Airlines Flight 800. The 2000 presidential election necessitated two press stoppages. Al Gore appeared to concede on November 8, forcing then-executive editor Joseph Lelyveld to stop the Times's presses to print a new headline, "Bush Appears to Defeat Gore", with a story that stated George W. Bush was elected president. However, Gore held off his concession speech over doubts over Florida. Lelyveld reran the headline, "Bush and Gore Vie for an Edge". Since 2000, three printing stoppages have been issued for the death of William Rehnquist on September 3, 2005, for the killing of Osama bin Laden on May 1, 2011, and for the passage of the Marriage Equality Act in the New York State Assembly and subsequent signage by then-governor Andrew Cuomo on June 24, 2011.[281]
The New York Times website is hosted at nytimes.com. It has undergone several major redesigns and infrastructure developments since its debut. In April 2006, The New York Times redesigned its website with an emphasis on multimedia.[282] In preparation for Super Tuesday in February 2008, the Times developed a live election system using the Associated Press's File Transfer Protocol (FTP) service and a Ruby on Rails application; nytimes.com experienced its largest traffic on Super Tuesday and the day after.[283]
The NYTimes application debuted with the introduction of the App Store on July 10, 2008. Engadget's Scott McNulty wrote critically of the app, negatively comparing it to The New York Times's mobile website.[284] An iPad version with select articles was released on April 3, 2010, with the release of the first-generation iPad.[285] In October, The New York Times expanded NYT Editors' Choice to include the paper's full articles. NYT for iPad was free until 2011.[286] The Times applications on iPhone and iPad began offering in-app subscriptions in July 2011.[287] The Times released a web application for iPad — featuring a format summarizing trending headlines on Twitter[288] — and a Windows 8 application in October 2012.[289]
Efforts to ensure profitability through an online magazine and a "Need to Know" subscription emerged in Adweek in July 2013.[290] In March 2014, The New York Times announced three applications — NYT Now, an application that offers pertinent news in a blog format, and two unnamed applications, later known as NYT Opinion[291] and NYT Cooking[223] — to diversify its product laterals.[292]
The Daily is the modern front page of The New York Times.
—Sam Dolnick, speaking to Intelligencer in January 2020[293]
The New York Times manages several podcasts, including multiple podcasts with Serial Productions. The Times's longest-running podcast is The Book Review Podcast,[294] debuting as Inside The New York Times Book Review in April 2006.[295]
The New York Times's defining podcast is The Daily,[293] a daily news podcast hosted by Michael Barbaro and, since March 2022, Sabrina Tavernise.[296] The podcast debuted on February 1, 2017.[297]
In October 2021, The New York Times began testing "New York Times Audio", an application featuring podcasts from the Times, audio versions of articles — including from other publications through Audm, and archives from This American Life.[298] The application debuted in May 2023 exclusively on iOS for Times subscribers. New York Times Audio includes exclusive podcasts such as The Headlines, a daily news recap, and Shorts, short audio stories under ten minutes. In addition, a "Reporter Reads" section features Times journalists reading their articles and providing commentary.[299]
The New York Times has used video games as part of its journalistic efforts, among the first publications to do so,[300] contributing to an increase in Internet traffic;[301] the publication has also developed its own video games. In 2014, The New York Times Magazine introduced Spelling Bee, a word game in which players guess words from a set of letters in a honeycomb and are awarded points for the length of the word and receive extra points if the word is a pangram.[302] The game was proposed by Will Shortz, created by Frank Longo, and has been maintained by Sam Ezersky. In May 2018, Spelling Bee was published on nytimes.com, furthering its popularity.[303] In February 2019, the Times introduced Letter Boxed, in which players form words from letters placed on the edges of a square box,[304] followed in June 2019 by Tiles, a matching game in which players form sequences of tile pairings, and Vertex, in which players connect vertices to assemble an image.[305] In July 2023, The New York Times introduced Connections, in which players identify groups of words that are connected by a common property.[306] In April, the Times introduced Digits, a game that required using operations on different values to reach a set number; Digits was shut down in August.[307] In March 2024, The New York Times released Strands, a themed word search.[308]
In January 2022, The New York Times Company acquired Wordle, a word game developed by Josh Wardle in 2021, at a valuation in the "low-seven figures".[309] The acquisition was proposed by David Perpich, a member of the Sulzberger family who proposed the purchase to Knight[310] over Slack after reading about the game.[311] The Washington Post purportedly considered acquiring Wordle, according to Vanity Fair.[310] At the 2022 Game Developers Conference, Wardle stated that he was overwhelmed by the volume of Wordle facsimiles and overzealous monetization practices in other games.[312] Concerns over The New York Times monetizing Wordle by implementing a paywall mounted;[313] Wordle is a client-side browser game and can be played offline by downloading its webpage.[314] Wordle moved to the Times's servers and website in February.[315] The game was added to the NYT Games application in August,[316] necessitating it be rewritten in the JavaScript library React.[317] In November, The New York Times announced that Tracy Bennett would be the Wordle's editor.[318]
The New York Times Magazine and The Boston Globe Magazine are the only weekly Sunday magazines following The Washington Post Magazine's cancellation in December 2022.[319]
In February 2016, The New York Times introduced a Spanish website, The New York Times en Español.[320] The website, intended to be read on mobile devices, would contain translated articles from the Times and reporting from journalists based in Mexico City.[321] The Times en Español's style editor is Paulina Chavira, who has advocated for pluralistic Spanish to accommodate the variety of nationalities in the newsroom's journalists and wrote a stylebook for The New York Times en Español[322] Articles the Times intends to publish in Spanish are sent to a translation agency and adapted for Spanish writing conventions; the present progressive tense may be used for forthcoming events in English, but other tenses are preferable in Spanish. The Times en Español consults the Real Academia Española and Fundéu and frequently modifies the use of diacritics — such as using an acute accent for the Cártel de Sinaloa but not the Cartel de Medellín — and using the gender-neutral pronoun elle.[323] Headlines in The New York Times en Español are not capitalized. The Times en Español publishes El Times, a newsletter led by Elda Cantú intended for all Spanish speakers.[324] In September 2019, The New York Times ended The New York Times en Español's separate operations.[325] A study published in The Translator in 2023 found that the Times en Español engaged in tabloidization.[326]
In June 2012, The New York Times introduced a Chinese website, 纽约时报中文, in response to Chinese editions created by The Wall Street Journal and the Financial Times. Conscious to censorship, the Times established servers outside of China and affirmed that the website would uphold the paper's journalistic standards; the government of China had previously blocked articles from nytimes.com through the Great Firewall,[327] and the website was blocked in China until August 2001 after then-general secretary Jiang Zemin met with journalists from The New York Times.[328] Then-foreign editor Joseph Kahn assisted in the establishment of cn.nytimes.com, an effort that contributed to his appointment as executive editor in April 2022.[329] In October, 纽约时报中文 published an article detailing the wealth of then-premier Wen Jiabao's family. In response, the government of China blocked access to nytimes.com and cn.nytimes.com and references to the Times and Wen were censored on microblogging service Sina Weibo.[328] In March 2015, a mirror of 纽约时报中文 and the website for GreatFire were the targets for a government-sanctioned distributed denial of service attack on GitHub in March 2015, disabling access to the service for several days.[330] Chinese authorities requested the removal of The New York Times's news applications from the App Store in December 2016.[331]
As of 2023, The New York Times has received 137 Pulitzer Prizes,[332] the most of any publication.[333]
The New York Times is considered a newspaper of record in the United States.[l] The Times is the largest metropolitan newspaper in the United States;[337] as of 2022, The New York Times is the second-largest newspaper by print circulation in the United States behind The Wall Street Journal.[192]
A study published in Science, Technology, & Human Values in 2013 found that The New York Times received more citations in academic journals than the American Sociological Review, Research Policy, or the Harvard Law Review.[338] With sixteen million unique records, the Times is the third-most referenced source in Common Crawl, a collection of online material used in datasets such as GPT-3, behind Wikipedia and a United States patent database.[339]
The New Yorker's Max Norman wrote in March 2023 that the Times has shaped mainstream English usage.[340] In a January 2018 article for The Washington Post, Margaret Sullivan stated that The New York Times affects the "whole media and political ecosystem".[341]
The New York Times's nascent success has led to concerns over media consolidation, particularly amid the decline of newspapers. In 2006, economists Lisa George and Joel Waldfogel examined the consequences of the Times's national distribution strategy and audience with circulation of local newspapers, finding that local circulation decreased among college-educated readers.[342] The effect of The New York Times in this manner was observed in The Forum of Fargo-Moorhead, the newspaper of record for Fargo, North Dakota.[343] Axios founder Jim VandeHei opined that the Times is "going to basically be a monopoly" in an opinion piece written by then-media columnist and former BuzzFeed News editor-in-chief Ben Smith; in the article, Smith cites the strength of The New York Times's journalistic workforce, broadening content, and the expropriation of Gawker editor-in-chief Choire Sicha, Recode editor-in-chief Kara Swisher, and Quartz editor-in-chief Kevin Delaney. Smith compared the Times to the New York Yankees during their 1927 season containing Murderers' Row.[344]
The New York Times has received criticism for its coverage of the Israel–Hamas war,[345] and the paper has been accused of holding both an anti-Palestinian[346] and an anti-Israeli[347] bias. In April 2024, The Intercept reported that an internal memorandum from November 2023 instructed journalists to reduce using the terms "genocide" and "ethnic cleansing" and to avoid using the phrase "occupied territory" in the context of Palestinian land, Palestine except in rare circumstances, and the term "refugee camps" to describe areas of Gaza despite recognition from the United Nations. A spokesperson from the Times stated that issuing guidance was standard practice. An analysis by The Intercept noted that The New York Times described Israeli deaths as a massacre nearly sixty times, but had only described Palestinian deaths as a massacre once.[348]
In December 2023, The New York Times published an investigation titled "'Screams Without Words': How Hamas Weaponized Sexual Violence on Oct. 7", alleging that Hamas weaponized sexual and gender-based violence during its armed incursion on Israel.[349] The investigation was the subject of an article from The Intercept questioning the journalistic acumen of Anat Schwartz, a filmmaker involved in the inquiry who had no prior reporting experience and agreed with a post stating Israel should "violate any norm, on the way to victory", doubting the veracity of the opening claim that Gal Abdush was raped in a timespan disputed by her family, and alleging that the Times was pressured by the Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America.[350] The New York Times initiated an inquiry that received criticism from NewsGuild of New York president Susan DeCarava for purported racial targeting;[351] the Times's investigation concluded in ambiguity, but found that journalistic material was handled improperly.[352]
The New York Times has received criticism regarding its coverage of transgender people. When it published an opinion piece by Weill Cornell Medicine professor Richard A. Friedman called "How Changeable Is Gender?" in August 2015,[353] Vox's German Lopez criticized Friedman as suggesting that parents and doctors might be right in letting children suffer from severe dysphoria in case something changes down the line, and as implying that conversion therapy may work for transgender children.[354] In February 2023, nearly one thousand[355] current and former Times writers and contributors wrote an open letter addressed to standards editor Philip B. Corbett, criticizing the paper's coverage of transgender, non-binary, and gender-nonconforming people; some of the Times' articles have been cited in state legislatures attempting to justify criminalizing gender-affirming care.[356] Contributors wrote in the open letter that "the Times has in recent years treated gender diversity with an eerily familiar mix of pseudoscience and euphemistic, charged language, while publishing reporting on trans children that omits relevant information about its sources."[m]
In 1934, The Times ran excerpts from sermons from two churches in New York City in which the pastors denounced lotteries.
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