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Университетский колледж Лондона

University College London ( бренд UCL [8] [9] [10] ) — государственный исследовательский университет в Лондоне , Англия. Является членом федерального Лондонского университета и вторым по величине университетом в Соединенном Королевстве по общему числу студентов [ 11] и крупнейшим по числу аспирантов.

Основанный в 1826 году как Лондонский университет (хотя и без полномочий присуждать университетские степени) основателями, вдохновленными радикальными идеями Иеремии Бентама , UCL был первым университетским учреждением, основанным в Лондоне, и первым в Англии, которое было полностью светским и принимало студентов независимо от их вероисповедания. [12] [13] Он также был одним из первых университетских колледжей, принимавших женщин наряду с мужчинами в 1878 году, через два года после Университетского колледжа в Бристоле . [14] По замыслу основателей, он должен был стать третьим университетом Англии , но политика вынудила его принять статус колледжа в 1836 году, когда он получил королевскую хартию и стал одним из двух колледжей-основателей Лондонского университета , хотя фактического признания в качестве университета он добился в 1990-х годах, а формального статуса университета — в 2023 году. Он вырос за счет слияний, в том числе с Институтом офтальмологии (в 1995 году), Институтом неврологии (в 1997 году), Медицинской школой Королевской свободной больницы (в 1998 году), Стоматологическим институтом Истмена (в 1999 году), Школой славянских и восточноевропейских исследований (в 1999 году), Школой фармацевтики (в 2012 году) и Институтом образования (в 2014 году).

Главный кампус UCL находится в районе Блумсбери в центре Лондона , а также ряд институтов и учебных больниц в других местах в центре Лондона, а также второй кампус, UCL East , в Олимпийском парке королевы Елизаветы в Стратфорде , Восточный Лондон. UCL состоит из 11 факультетов, в которых насчитывается более 100 кафедр, институтов и исследовательских центров. UCL управляет несколькими музеями и коллекциями в широком спектре областей, включая Музей египетской археологии Петри и Музей зоологии и сравнительной анатомии Гранта , а также управляет ежегодной премией Оруэлла в области политической литературы. В 2022/23 году общий доход UCL составил 1,93 млрд фунтов стерлингов, из которых 527 млн ​​фунтов стерлингов были получены от исследовательских грантов и контрактов. [2] Университет ежегодно генерирует около 10 млрд фунтов стерлингов для экономики Великобритании, в основном за счет распространения своих исследований и знаний (4 млрд фунтов стерлингов) и влияния собственных расходов (3 млрд фунтов стерлингов). [15]

UCL является членом многочисленных академических организаций, включая Russell Group и League of European Research Universities , а также частью UCL Partners , крупнейшего в мире академического центра медицинских наук . [16] Он считается частью « золотого треугольника » научно-исследовательских университетов на юго-востоке Англии. [17] UCL занимается издательской и коммерческой деятельностью, включая UCL Press, UCL Business и UCL Consultants.

UCL имеет много выдающихся выпускников, включая основателя Маврикия, первого премьер-министра Японии, одного из соавторов структуры ДНК и участников Coldplay . Ученые UCL открыли пять встречающихся в природе благородных газов , открыли гормоны , изобрели электронную лампу и сделали несколько основополагающих достижений в современной статистике. По состоянию на 2022 год 30 лауреатов Нобелевской премии [18] и три обладателя медали Филдса [19] были связаны с UCL в качестве выпускников или преподавателей.

История

1826–1836 – Лондонский университет

Акция № 1105 в Лондонском университете, выпущенная 3 февраля 1829 г.
Лондонский университет (теперь главное здание UCL ) в представлении Томаса Хосмера Шепарда в 1827–28 годах, когда строительство еще шло. Портик и купол были завершены в 1829 году, но из-за нехватки средств прошло много лет, прежде чем реальность совпала с картинкой.

UCL был основан 11 февраля 1826 года как альтернатива англиканским университетам Оксфорда и Кембриджа . [20] Он принял форму акционерного общества , акции которого продавались по 100 фунтов стерлингов (что эквивалентно 10 600 фунтам стерлингов в 2023 году) владельцам под названием Лондонский университет , хотя и без юридического признания в качестве университета или связанного с ним права присуждать степени. [21] [22] [23] Первым ректором Лондонского университета был Леонард Хорнер , который был первым ученым, возглавившим британский университет. [24]

Фреска Генри Тонкса 1923 года «Четыре основателя UCL»

Несмотря на общепринятое мнение, что философ Джереми Бентам был основателем UCL, его прямое участие ограничивалось покупкой акций № 633 по цене 100 фунтов стерлингов, выплаченных девятью взносами в период с декабря 1826 года по январь 1830 года. В 1828 году он выдвинул своего друга в совет, а в 1827 году попытался назначить своего ученика Джона Боуринга первым профессором английского языка или истории, но в обоих случаях его кандидатуры не увенчались успехом. [25] Однако Бентама обычно считают «духовным отцом» UCL, поскольку его идеи об образовании и обществе оказали влияние на основателей учреждения, в частности, на Джеймса Милля (1773–1836) и Генри Бруэма (1778–1868). [26]

В 1828 году была создана кафедра политической экономии в Лондонском университете, первым ее заместителем стал Джон Рамсей Маккалок . [27] В 1829 году университет назначил первого профессора английского языка в Англии, хотя курс был сосредоточен на лингвистике, а современное преподавание английского языка — изучение английской литературы — было введено Королевским колледжем Лондона в 1831 году. [28] В 1830 году Лондонский университет основал Лондонскую университетскую школу, которая позже стала Школой университетского колледжа . [29] В 1833 году университет назначил Александра Маконочи , секретаря Королевского географического общества , первым профессором географии в Великобритании. [30] [31] Занятия по медицине начались с открытием колледжа в 1828 году, а в 1834 году больница университетского колледжа (первоначально больница Северного Лондона) открылась как учебная больница для этих занятий, которые были организованы в медицинский факультет в 1836 году. [32]

1836–1900 гг. – Университетский колледж, Лондон

После почти десятилетия попыток получить признание в качестве университета и право присуждать степени, включая Обращение к короне от Палаты общин, владельцы Лондонского университета приняли предложение правительства о создании Лондонского университета в качестве независимого экзаменационного органа, приняв статус колледжа для своего учреждения. [33] В результате владельцы Лондонского университета были зарегистрированы королевской хартией под названием Университетский колледж, Лондон 28 ноября 1836 года. В тот же день Лондонский университет был создан королевской хартией в качестве экзаменационной комиссии по присуждению степеней студентам из аффилированных школ и колледжей, причем Университетский колледж и Королевский колледж , Лондон были названы в хартии первыми двумя аффилированными лицами. [33] [34] Первые студенты из UCL и King's поступили в качестве студентов в 1838 году, а первые степени были присуждены студентам двух колледжей в 1839 году. [35]

При открытии колледжа планировалось открыть курс по инженерии, но профессора не назначали до 1840 или 1841 года, после того как курсы по инженерии открылись в Даремском университете (1837) и Королевском колледже Лондона (1838). [36] [37] Школа изящных искусств Слейда была основана как часть Университетского колледжа в 1871 году по завещанию Феликса Слейда . [38]

В 1878 году Лондонский университет получил дополнительный устав, сделавший его первым британским университетом, которому было разрешено присуждать степени женщинам. В том же году UCL принял женщин на факультеты искусств и права и естественных наук, хотя женщинам по-прежнему было запрещено поступать на факультеты инженерии и медицины (за исключением курсов по общественному здравоохранению и гигиене). [39] [40] Прием женщин в UCL в 1878 году произошел почти через три десятилетия после того, как Бедфордский колледж стал первым учреждением, предлагающим университетское образование для женщин в Великобритании, и после учреждения Общего экзамена для женщин Лондонского университета в 1868 году. [41] [42]

Женская образовательная ассоциация проводила занятия для женщин с 1868 года, которые преподавали профессора из UCL, но независимо от колледжа. С 1871 по 1872 год они проводились в здании колледжа, хотя все еще независимо от колледжа. С 1872 года некоторые профессора, в частности Эдвард Пойнтер из Слейда, начали принимать женщин на свои занятия. [43] Полное открытие факультетов искусств, наук и права в 1878 году произошло через два года после приема женщин наравне с мужчинами в Университет Бристоля с момента его основания (как Университетский колледж Бристоля ) в 1876 году. [44] Первой женщиной, официально зачисленной на архитектурный факультет UCL, была Гертруда Леверкус в 1915 году, [45] хотя Этель и Бесси Чарльз было разрешено посещать занятия в 1890-х годах. [46] Женщины наконец были допущены к медицинским исследованиям во время Первой мировой войны в 1917 году, хотя после окончания войны на их число были наложены ограничения. [47]

Новая королевская хартия, дарованная Лондонскому университету в 1858 году, фактически устранила принадлежность колледжей к университету. Недовольство колледжей и желание иметь «обучающий университет» в Лондоне привели к королевским комиссиям, которые отчитались в 1888 и 1892 годах, и к восстановлению университета в соответствии с Законом о Лондонском университете 1898 года. [33]

1900–1976 гг. – Лондонский университет, Университетский колледж

После реконструкции Лондонского университета в 1909 году, преобразовавшей его из экзаменационной комиссии в федеральный университет с составляющими «школами», UCL стал школой Лондонского университета. В то время как большинство колледжей, ставших школами университета, сохранили свою автономию, UCL решил объединиться с университетом в 1907 году в соответствии с Законом о переводе университетских колледжей Лондона 1905 года ( 5 Edw. 7 . c. xci) и отказался от своей юридической независимости в обмен на получение большего влияния в управлении университетом. [33] Его официальное название стало Лондонский университет, Университетский колледж , хотя для большинства неофициальных и внешних целей по-прежнему использовалось название «Университетский колледж, Лондон» (или аббревиатура UCL). По состоянию на 2022 год он по-прежнему указан как «Лондонский университет: Университетский колледж» в заявках на федеральную помощь студентам США . [48]

Здание Креста, вид изнутри четырехугольника главного здания UCL

В 1900 году также было принято решение о назначении оплачиваемого руководителя колледжа. Первым действующим лицом стал Кэри Фостер , который занимал должность директора (так изначально называлась эта должность) с 1900 по 1904 год. Его сменил Грегори Фостер (не родственник), а в 1906 году должность была изменена на проректора, чтобы избежать путаницы с ректором Лондонского университета. Грегори Фостер оставался на своем посту до 1929 года. [49] [50] [51] В 1906 году было открыто здание Cruciform Building в качестве нового дома для больницы университетского колледжа . [52] UCL открыл первый в Великобритании факультет и кафедру химической инженерии , финансируемые Мемориальным фондом Рамсея , в 1923 году. [53]

В 1904 году Фрэнсис Гальтон пожертвовал 1000 фунтов стерлингов Лондонскому университету на лабораторию евгеники ; в 1907 году она была передана UCL, а ее директором стал Карл Пирсон . [54] UCL извинился за свою «фундаментальную роль в развитии, распространении и легитимации евгеники» в 2021 году. [55]

В 1911 году UCL получил анонимное пожертвование в размере £30,000 (что эквивалентно £3,860,000 в 2023 году) на здание для своей школы архитектуры . В 1919 году даритель согласился быть названным как Герберт Бартлетт , и школа была переименована в его честь. [56]

UCL получил значительный ущерб от бомбардировок во время Второй мировой войны, включая полное уничтожение Большого зала, Физической лаборатории Кэри Фостера и Лаборатории Рамсея. Пожары уничтожили библиотеку и уничтожили большую часть главного здания, включая купол; только в 1954 году главное здание было полностью восстановлено. Отделения были разбросаны по всей стране в Аберистуите , Бангоре, Гвинеде , Кембридже , Оксфорде , Ротамстеде около Харпендена, Хартфордшир и Шеффилде , с администрацией в Стэнстед-Бери около Уэра, Хартфордшир . [57] Первая студенческая газета UCL, Pi , была основана в 1946 году. [58] Институт иудаистики переехал из Манчестера в UCL в 1959 году. [59] Лаборатория космических наук Малларда была основана в 1967 году. [60]

В 1973 году исследовательская группа Питера Кирстейна в UCL стала одним из двух международных узлов ARPANET , позже войдя в состав SATNET . [61] [62] Взаимосвязь UCL между ARPANET и ранними британскими академическими сетями стала первой международной гетерогенной сетью совместного использования ресурсов . [63] UCL сыграл значительную роль в самых ранних экспериментальных работах в Интернете и принял TCP/IP в 1982 году, до ARPANET. [64] [65] [66] [примечание 1]

Старшая общая комната колледжа , комната Хаусмена, оставалась только мужской до 1969 года. После двух неудачных попыток было принято решение, которое положило конец сегрегации по половому признаку в UCL. Этого добились Брайан Воледж (профессор французского языка в UCL с 1939 по 1971 год) и Дэвид Колкухун , в то время молодой преподаватель фармакологии. [67]

1976–2005 гг. – Университетский колледж Лондона

В 1976 году новый устав восстановил юридическую независимость UCL, хотя по-прежнему без права присуждать собственные степени. [68] [69] Согласно этому уставу, колледж стал официально называться University College London . Это название устранило запятую, использовавшуюся в его более раннем названии University College, London .

В 1993 году реорганизация Лондонского университета означала, что UCL и другие колледжи получили прямой доступ к государственному финансированию и право самостоятельно присваивать степени Лондонского университета. Это привело к тому, что UCL стал рассматриваться как фактический университет в своем собственном праве. [70] [71]

Слияния были важной чертой этого периода истории UCL. В 1986 году колледж объединился с Институтом археологии . [72] В 1988 году UCL объединился с Институтом ларингологии и отологии, Институтом ортопедии, Институтом урологии и нефрологии и Медицинской школой больницы Миддлсекса . [72] Больницы Миддлсекса и Университетского колледжа вместе с больницей Элизабет Гарретт Андерсон и больницей тропических болезней образовали в 1994 году траст NHS больниц Университетского колледжа Лондона. [73]

Слияния продолжились в 1990-х годах, в 1995 году к ним присоединился Институт детского здоровья , в 1996 году — Школа подологии [74] , а в 1997 году — Институт неврологии . [72] [75] В 1998 году UCL объединился с Медицинской школой Королевского свободного госпиталя, создав Медицинскую школу Королевского свободного и университетского колледжа (переименованную в Медицинскую школу UCL в октябре 2008 года). В 1999 году UCL объединился со Школой славянских и восточноевропейских исследований [76] [77] и Стоматологическим институтом Истмена . [72]

Предложения о слиянии UCL и Имперского колледжа Лондона были объявлены в 2002 году. [78] Это предложение вызвало сильное противодействие со стороны преподавательского состава и студентов UCL, а также профсоюза AUT , которые раскритиковали «неприличную поспешность и отсутствие консультаций», что привело к его отказу от ректора UCL сэра Дерека Робертса . [79] [80]

С 2005 года

Здание Школы славянских и восточноевропейских исследований UCL , открытое в 2005 году

В 2005 году UCL получил собственные полномочия по присуждению преподавательских и исследовательских степеней, [81] и все студенты UCL, зарегистрированные с 2007/08 года, получили квалификацию со степенями UCL. [82] В том же году UCL принял новый корпоративный брендинг, в соответствии с которым название University College London было заменено аббревиатурой UCL во всех внешних коммуникациях. [83]

UCL основал Школу энергетики и ресурсов UCL (позже UCL Australia ) в Аделаиде , Австралия, в 2008 году как первый кампус британского университета в стране. [84] Школа располагалась в историческом здании Torrens Building на площади Виктории. [85] В 2011 году горнодобывающая компания BHP Billiton согласилась пожертвовать UCL 10 миллионов австралийских долларов для финансирования создания двух энергетических институтов — Института энергетической политики, базирующегося в Аделаиде, и Института устойчивых ресурсов, базирующегося в Лондоне. [86] UCL Australia закрылся в декабре 2017 года, а преподавательский состав и студенты перевелись в Университет Южной Австралии . [87] С 2018 года UCL и Университет Южной Австралии предлагают совместные степени магистра в области науки о данных и энергетических систем с обучением в Аделаиде и Лондоне. [88]

В 2011 году UCL объявил о планах инвестирования 500 миллионов фунтов стерлингов в свой главный кампус Bloomsbury в течение 10 лет, а также о создании нового кампуса, UCL East , рядом с Олимпийским парком в Стратфорде в Ист-Энде Лондона. [89] В 2018 году UCL открыл UCL в Here East , в Олимпийском парке королевы Елизаветы, предлагая курсы совместно между факультетом искусственной среды Бартлетта и факультетом инженерных наук . [90] [91] Первые студенты бакалавриата на новом факультете инженерного и архитектурного дизайна MEng начали обучение в сентябре 2018 года. [92] One Pool Street, первое здание в кампусе UCL East, открылось в ноябре 2022 года. UCL East был официально открыт вместе со зданием Marshgate, завершившим первую фазу развития, в сентябре 2023 года олимпийской золотой медалисткой и выпускницей UCL Кристин Охуруогу . [93] [94]

UCL продолжал расти за счет слияний с более мелкими колледжами Лондонского университета. 1 января 2012 года Фармацевтическая школа Лондонского университета объединилась с UCL, став Фармацевтической школой UCL в составе факультета естественных наук. [95] [96] UCL и Институт образования сформировали стратегический альянс в октябре 2012 года, [97] за которым последовало полное слияние в декабре 2014 года. [98] [99] [100] [101]

Новый студенческий центр на улице Гордон

UCL заплатил десятки тысяч фунтов стерлингов, чтобы урегулировать десять исков о сексуальных домогательствах против сотрудников в учебном году 2017/18, что больше, чем четыре иска годом ранее. Под давлением жертв и после того, как физик Эмма Чепмен добилась законного права свободно говорить о своем насилии в университете, UCL объявил в 2018 году, что он откажется от соглашений о неразглашении в соглашениях. [102] [103] В 2020 году UCL стал первым университетом Russell Group , запретившим романтические и сексуальные отношения между преподавателями и их студентами. [104]

В 2018 году было обнаружено, что ежегодная конференция по евгенике, Лондонская конференция по разведке , проводилась в UCL как внешнее платное мероприятие в период с 2014 по 2017 год. [105] Расследование показало, что организатор, почетный лектор, неправильно следовал процедуре бронирования помещения, в том числе заявляя, что никакие спорные темы обсуждаться не будут, в результате чего университет не знал о характере конференции. [106] После разоблачения UCL в 2018 году объявил, что начнет расследование исторических связей университета с евгеникой. [107] Об этом сообщалось в 2020 году, [108] но оно охватывало только историческую евгенику и не затрагивало конференции 2014–2017 годов, что привело к тому, что большинство авторов отказались подписывать итоговый отчет. [109] Театр лекций Гэлтона, театр лекций Пирсона и здание Пирсона были переименованы в 2020 году, [109] а в 2021 году UCL извинился за свою роль в продвижении евгеники в первой половине 20-го века. [55] [110] В 2021 году UCL подвергся критике (вместе с Оксфордом, Имперским и другими лондонскими университетами) за принятие денег от Благотворительного фонда Александра Мосли, созданного для хранения состояния, оставленного Максу Мосли его отцом, британским фашистским лидером Освальдом Мосли . UCL получил 500 000 фунтов стерлингов на создание лаборатории интерпретации судебных доказательств. [111] [112] [113]

После принятия Закона о Лондонском университете 2018 года, который позволил учреждениям-членам стать самостоятельными университетами, оставаясь при этом частью Лондонского университета, UCL подал заявку на получение статуса университета в 2019 году. [114] Заявка была одобрена Управлением по делам студентов в 2022 году, а дополнительный устав был подписан 17 апреля 2023 года, предоставив UCL статус университета. [115]

Кампус и локации

Университетский колледж Лондона расположен в Большом Лондоне.
Блумсбери
Блумсбери
UCL Восток
UCL Восток
Обсерватория UCL
Обсерватория UCL
Школа менеджмента UCL
Школа менеджмента UCL
Спортивная площадка UCL
Спортивная площадка UCL
Кампусы UCL (красные) и другие объекты (синие) в Лондоне
Статуя Джона Локка работы Ричарда Уэстмакотта , выставленная в Главном здании.

Блумсбери

UCL в основном базируется в районе Блумсбери лондонского боро Камден , в центральном Лондоне . Главный кампус расположен вокруг Гауэр-стрит , а многие другие отделения находятся неподалеку в Блумсбери. [116] Многие медицинские институты расположены недалеко от связанных больниц, включая Институт неврологии UCL Queen Square и Национальный госпиталь неврологии и нейрохирургии в Queen Square , [117] Институт детского здоровья UCL Great Ormond Street и Детская больница Great Ormond Street , [116] а также Стоматологический институт UCL Eastman и Стоматологическая больница Eastman . [118]

Исторические здания UCL в Блумсбери включают Главное здание UCL , являющееся памятником архитектуры I категории , в том числе оригинальное здание Уилкинса, спроектированное Уильямом Уилкинсом , [119] и, прямо напротив, на Гауэр-стрит, Крестообразное здание начала XX века, являющееся памятником архитектуры II категории, последнее крупное здание, спроектированное Альфредом Уотерхаусом . [120] [121] Рядом находятся здание Кэтлин Лонсдейл, являющееся памятником архитектуры II категории, первая специально построенная химическая лаборатория UCL, [122] и здание Рокфеллера, являющееся памятником архитектуры II категории. [123] В другом месте в Блумсбери находится здание Института образования II категории 1970-х годов, построенное Денисом Ласданом и партнерами. [124] Большая часть поместья находится в заповедной зоне Блумсбери , созданной в 1968 году. [125] Важные современные здания включают здание Школы славянских и восточноевропейских исследований ( лауреат премии RIBA 2006 года) [126] и здание Центра нейронных цепей и поведения Sainsbury Wellcome ( премия LEAF за лучший дизайн фасада и проектирование, а также абсолютный победитель 2016 года). [127]

В августе 2024 года UCL выиграл судебный процесс, чтобы вернуть себе контроль над частью своего кампуса, который с мая был занят протестующими сторонниками Газы. [128]

Вид на UCL East из Олимпийского парка королевы Елизаветы, март 2022 г. Улица One Pool Street находится на левом берегу реки, а улица Marshgate — на правом.

UCL Восток

UCL имеет второй кампус, UCL East , в Олимпийском парке королевы Елизаветы в Стратфорде, на востоке Лондона. Первое здание с тремя этажами учебных и исследовательских помещений, а также жильем для 500 студентов в двух башнях открылось в 2022 году, а второе с восемью этажами учебных и исследовательских помещений открылось в 2023 году. [93] [129] Еще четыре здания планируется построить в 2030-х годах. [130] UCL также управляет кампусом в Here East , бывшем медиацентре Олимпийского парка. [90]

Другие сайты

Обсерватория UCL в Милл-Хилл

В другом месте в Центральном Лондоне находятся Институт офтальмологии UCL, примыкающий к глазной больнице Moorfields в Клеркенуэлле , [131] кампусы Королевской бесплатной больницы и больницы Уиттингтона Медицинской школы UCL, а также ряд других связанных учебных больниц. Школа менеджмента UCL находится на уровнях 38 и 50 (пентхаус) One Canada Square в финансовом районе Канари-Уорф . [132] Обсерватория UCL находится в Милл-Хилле [133] , а Лаборатория космических наук Маллард находится в Холмбери-Сент-Мэри , графство Суррей. [134] Спортивный стадион UCL находится в Шенли, Хартфордшир. [135]

Студенческое жилье

Сохранившийся исторический фасад Нового Холла со студенческими общежитиями на расстоянии одного метра позади, многие из окон которых выходят на кирпичную стену.

UCL владеет 26 общежитиями с примерно 7000 студенческими кроватями. [136] Университет гарантирует размещение одиноким студентам очного обучения первого года обучения, которые ранее не проживали в Лондоне во время учебы в университете, и которые твердо подтвердили свое место и подали заявку на проживание до 10 июня каждого года, а также одиноким иностранным аспирантам первого года обучения в UCL, которые ранее не проживали в Лондоне во время учебы в университете, и которые твердо подтвердили свое место и подали заявку на проживание до 30 июня каждого года. Размещение также гарантируется студентам, которым на начало учебного года не исполнилось 18 лет, и студентам, которые покидают учреждение по уходу. [137] В общежитиях университета имеется лишь ограниченное количество мест для возвращающихся студентов и других лиц, которые не соответствуют критериям гарантированного места. [138] Студенты UCL также имеют право, как студенты учреждения-члена Лондонского университета, подавать заявки на места в межвузовских общежитиях Лондонского университета . [139]

В 2013 году недавно построенное здание студенческого общежития New Hall UCL на Caledonian Road , спроектированное Stephen George and Partners, было награждено кубком Carbuncle и названо худшим новым зданием страны журналом Building Design с комментарием «это здание, которое жюри с трудом признало хотя бы отдаленно пригодным для проживания людей». Первоначально Совет Ислингтона отклонил разрешение на строительство здания, но это решение было отменено после апелляции. Поскольку оно классифицируется как отель или гостевой дом, оно было освобождено от многих стандартов, которые распространяются на жилые здания, таких как наличие дневного света в комнатах. [140] [141]

Застройка UCL East включает 532 студенческие комнаты в One Pool Street, которая открылась в 2022 году. [142] Дальнейшее размещение будет доступно в здании Marshgate, открытие которого ожидается в 2023 году, и на втором участке Pool Street. [143]

Экологические инициативы

Новый студенческий центр UCL, открывшийся в 2019 году, был спроектирован с учетом требований по защите окружающей среды и был одним из 320 зданий в мире (на тот момент), получивших выдающийся сертификат BREEAM . [ 144 ] Эта сертификация требует инноваций на всех этапах проектирования, проектирования и строительства и помещает студенческий центр в 1% лучших нежилых зданий в Великобритании по уровню устойчивости. [145] Студенческий центр UCL стал финалистом премии Green Gown Awards в 2019 году. [146]

Также в 2019 году UCL запустил Стратегию устойчивого развития UCL 2019–24 , включающую три инициативы по содействию устойчивому развитию. Инициатива «Позитивный климат» подразумевала, что UCL обязался сократить потребление энергии на 40%, всю энергию получать из возобновляемых источников, а все здания UCL стали углеродно-нейтральными к 2024 году, а также достичь нулевых выбросов углерода для UCL к 2030 году. [144] Инициатива «Позитивный климат » стала победителем в категории «2030 Climate Action» на церемонии вручения наград Green Gown Awards 2020. [147] [148]

Вторая инициатива, The Loop , продвигает круговую экономику . UCL поставила цель сократить отходы на человека на 20% в период с 2019 по 2024 год, одновременно стремясь к уровню переработки 85% и устранению одноразового пластика на территории кампуса. Третья инициатива, Wild Bloomsbury , продвигает биоразнообразие . UCL поставила цель создать 10 000 м 2 (1,0 га; 2,5 акра) биоразнообразных зеленых насаждений на территории кампуса к 2024 году. [144] Стратегия устойчивого развития UCL стала финалистом в категории «Устойчивое учреждение года» на церемонии вручения премии Green Gown Awards 2022. [149]

Организация и управление

Управление

Два основных органа в структуре управления UCL — совет и академический совет , оба из которых учреждены королевской хартией и имеют полномочия, определенные уставами. [150] Также существует Комитет по управлению университетом, который является исполнительным комитетом, ответственным за повседневную деятельность учреждения. В его состав входят президент и проректор, вице-президенты, вице-провосты, проректор UCL East, деканы факультетов, главный финансовый директор, главный информационный директор и главный кадровый директор, начальник штаба, генеральный консул, исполнительный директор по СМИ и маркетингу и директор по связям со СМИ. [151]

В состав высшего руководства UCL входит посетитель , должность в английском благотворительном праве, которая контролирует деятельность учреждения. [152] Наличие посетителя колледжа указано в королевской хартии, как и то, что эту должность должен занимать мастер судебных списков , второй по старшинству судья в Англии и Уэльсе. [150]

Совет UCL состоит из 20 членов, из которых 11 являются членами, не входящими в UCL; семь являются преподавателями UCL, включая проректора, трех профессоров UCL и трех непрофессорских сотрудников; и двое являются студентами UCL. Председатель назначается советом на срок, обычно не превышающий пяти лет. Председатель по должности является председателем комитета по почетным степеням и стипендиям, комитета по номинациям и комитета по вознаграждениям и стратегии. [153] По состоянию на апрель 2023 года председателем совета является международный бизнесмен и выпускник UCL Виктор Чу. [3]

The academic board plays a role similar to the senate in other institutions. It is the senior academic body responsible for advising council on academic matters and also elects academic members to council. It is, however, a much larger body than the senates at many other universities, including all professors as well as elected representatives of other academic and non-academic staff.[150][154]

UCL's principal academic and administrative officer is the President and Provost, who is also UCL's designated accountable officer for reporting to the Office for Students on behalf of UCL.[155] The provost is appointed by Council after consultation with the academic board, and is ex officio a member of council and chair of the academic board.[156] As of April 2023, Michael Spence has been president and provost since January 2021, when he succeeded Michael Arthur.[157][158]

Vice-provosts are appointed by council on the recommendation of the provost or the academic board, to assist and advise the provost as required. The vice-provosts are members of the provost's senior management team. There are four vice-provosts (for education and student experience; health; research, innovation and global engagement; and faculties).[150][159] There are also four vice-presidents, who are also members of the senior management team but whose role and manner of appointment is not specified in the statutes, for strategy, external engagement, advancement and operations.[150][159]

The deans of UCL's faculties are appointed by the council and are members of the provost's senior management team. The deans' principal duties include advising the provost and vice-provosts on academic strategy, staffing matters and resources for academic departments within their faculty; overseeing curricula and programme management at faculty level; liaising with faculty tutors on undergraduate admissions and student academic matters; overseeing examination matters at faculty level; and co-ordinating faculty views on matters relating to education and information support.[153]

Faculties and departments

Drayton House, which houses the Department of Economics
The UCL School of Pharmacy building
The Institute of Education building, home to the UCL Institute of Education and the Departments of Geography, Psychology and Language

UCL's research and teaching is organised into eleven faculties, each of which contains a number of schools, departments and institutes.[160] The establishment of faculties and academic departments is formally the responsibility of UCL's council, with advice from the academic board.[161]

There are also two academic units outside the faculty structure:[161]

There are additional staff employed outside the faculty structure in the university administration.[162]

Finances

In the financial year ended 31 July 2020, UCL had a total income (excluding share of joint ventures) of £1.54 billion (2018/19 – £1.49 billion) and a total expenditure of £1.34 billion (2018/19 – £1.67 billion).[2] Key sources of income included £467.7 million from research grants and contracts (2018/19 – £481.1 million), £613.7 million from tuition fees and education contracts (2018/19 – £564.9 million), £227.9 million from funding body grants (2018/19 – £213.5 million) and £26.6 million from donations and endowments (2018/19 – £40.5 million).[2] At year end UCL had endowments of £143.2 million (31 July 2019 – £138.7 million) and total net assets of £1.49 billion (31 July 2019 – £1.29 million).[2]

A report by London Economics in 2022 found that UCL generates around £10 billion annually for the UK economy. The largest contributor to this is through the spread of its research and knowledge, which is worth £4 billion, with another £3 billion being added by the impact of UCL's own spending. Other contributions come from encouraging graduates to create jobs and investment, and from nurturing company spin-offs and start-ups. The report found that in 2018–19, UCL had supported 234 graduate start-ups and 83 spinout companies, with a total turnover of £110 million and employing almost 3,000 people. The report also found that UCL's spending supported 19,000 jobs across the UK, with over 7,000 of these being outside London.[15]

Terms

The UCL academic year is divided into three terms. For most departments, First Term runs from late September to mid December, Second Term from mid January to late March, and Third Term from late April to mid June, with reading weeks in early November and mid February. Certain courses at the medical school, the faculty of education and society, and the school of pharmacy operate on different terms.[164]

Logo and colours

The old UCL logo, used prior to August 2005

While many universities use their logo for most communications and branding and a coat of arms only for specific ceremonial and official use,[165] UCL exclusively uses a logo and has no coat of arms. The present logo was adopted as part of a rebranding exercise in August 2005.[83] Prior to that date, a different logo was used, in which the letters UCL were incorporated into a stylised representation of the Wilkins Building portico.[166]

A pseudo-heraldic "UCL crest" – a purple shield depicting a raised bent arm dressed in armour between two gold laurel branches holding a green upturned open wreath, with the college motto on a blue celeste ribbon beneath the laurel branches – can be found on the internet. A version of this badge (not on a shield) appears to have been used by UCL Union from shortly after its foundation in 1893.[167] However, the badge has never been the subject of an official grant of arms, and departs from several of the rules and conventions of heraldry. It is not an official logo, although modified forms are used by some by sports teams and societies.[168] The official Team UCL logo, used (with variants) by many sports teams, uses a shield divided into the colours of purple (lower) and blue celeste (upper), but none of the other elements (laurels, wreaths, armoured arm, motto) are present; the only graphic is a depiction of the UCL portico. Students' Union UCL requests teams not to modify this logo, but this is widely ignored.[169][170]

UCL's motto, "Cuncti adsint meritaeque expectent praemia palmae" is a quotation from Virgil's Aeneid, and translates into English as "Let all come who by merit deserve the most reward".[171][172]

UCL's traditional sporting and academic colours are purple and blue celeste.[7] UCL uses a palette of 25 colours (including the two traditional colours) in its visual identity; the logo can be used in many different combinations of these colours.[7]

Memberships, affiliations and partnerships

The main building of University College Hospital

UCL is a member institution of the federal University of London and was one of the two colleges affiliated from the university's founding in 1836 (the other being King's College London).[173] UCL was a founding member of the Russell Group, an association of 24 British research universities established in 1994,[174] and is regarded as forming part of the 'golden triangle', an unofficial term for the research-intensive universities located in the southern English cities of Cambridge, London and Oxford[175][176][177]

UCL has been a member of the League of European Research Universities since January 2006.[178][179] UCL is also a member of the Association of Commonwealth Universities,[180] the European University Association,[181] the global U7+ Alliance[182] and the US Universities Research Association,[183] and has a major collaboration with Yale University, the Yale UCL Collaborative.[184] It also has partnerships with universities in Australia,[note 2] Canada,[note 3] China,[note 4] India,[note 5] Japan,[note 6] Singapore[note 7] and Thailand.[note 8][185][186][187][188]

UCL formed the Science and Engineering South engineering and physical sciences research alliance with the universities of Cambridge, Oxford, Southampton and Imperial College London in May 2013.[189] It was also one of the founding members of the Alan Turing Institute, the UK's national institute for data sciences and artificial intelligence, in 2015, with the universities of Cambridge, Edinburgh, Oxford and Warwick.[190]

The Francis Crick Institute building

UCL is a partner in UCLPartners, an academic health science centre, along with multiple NHS trusts, integrated care systems, research and innovation partners, and other universities.[191] UCL is a partner with the National Institute for Health Research, the University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and UCLPartners in the UCLH Biomedical Research Centre.[192] UCL is also a university partner of the Francis Crick Institute, a major biomedical research centre in London.[193]

UCL offers dual degrees and joint degrees with other universities and institutions, including the University of Cologne,[194] Columbia University,[195] the University of Hong Kong,[196] Imperial College London (ending 2023)[197] and New York University.[198]

UCL is the sponsor of the UCL Academy, a secondary school in the London Borough of Camden. The school opened in September 2012 and was the first in the UK to have a university as sole sponsor.[199] UCL also has a strategic partnership with Newham Collegiate Sixth Form Centre.[200]

Academic profile

Research

John O'Keefe, UCL neuroscientist and 2014 Nobel laureate for his discovery of place cells

In 2021/22, UCL had an income from research grants and contracts of £524.9 million, making up 30% of all revenue. The largest sources of research income were research council grants (£170.4 million) and British charities (£154.4 million). A further £159.3 million of recurrent research funding was allocated to UCL by Research England, making up 9% of income.[2]

UCL submitted 3,432 staff (3,177 FTEs) across 32 units of assessment (areas of research) to the 2021 Research Excellence Framework (REF) assessment. 58% of submitted research was rated 4* ('world leading'), the sixth highest in the REF, and a further 34% as 3* ('internationally excellent'). Overall, UCL was ranked second for both research power and market share by both Times Higher Education and Research Professional News, and sixth on research quality (GPA) by Times Higher Education. UCL submitted more units of assessment to the 2021 REF than any other university. However, UCL's market share (based on the funding formula) declined from 6.23% following the 2014 REF to 5.34%, despite the overall improvement, reflecting increases in research quality across the sector.[201][202][203][204]

Research centres

UCL operates a large number of disciplinary-specific research centres in partnership with other research institutions and private enterprises. Notable examples include:

Publishing and commercialisation

In 2020/21, UCL had an income of £7.3 million from intellectual property and £25.2 million from the sale of shares in spin-off companies. As of 2020/21, UCL had the second largest patent portfolio of any UK university (after Oxford) with 2,391 patents. It granted the third largest number of intellectual property licences (after Oxford and the University of East Anglia), with 2,235.[211]

UCL Business is a technology transfer company which is wholly owned by UCL. It has three main activities: licensing technologies, creating spin-out companies, and project management.[212] UCL Business supports spin-out companies in areas including discovery disclosure, commercialisation, business plan development, contractual advice, incubation support, recruitment of management teams and identification of investors.[212] In the area of licensing technoloiges, the company provides commercial, legal and administrative advice to help companies broker licensing agreements.[212] UCL Business also provides UCL departments and institutes with project management services for single or multi-party collaborative industry projects.[212] The company transferred £4.8 million of royalty income to UCL in 2021/22.[2]

Launched in 2015, UCL Press is a new university press[213] wholly owned by UCL.[214] It was the first fully open access university press in the UK, and publishes monographs, textbooks and other academic books in a wide range of academic areas which are available to download for free, in addition to a number of journals.[215] As of October 2022, UCL Press had had more than 6.5 million downloads of its open access books in 247 countries and territories worldwide.[216] UCL Consultants is an academic consultancy services company which is wholly owned by UCL, which provides four main service offerings: Academic Consultancy, Bespoke Short Courses, Testing & Analysis and Expert Witness.[217][218]

Libraries

The Donaldson Reading Room, part of UCL's Main Library
The UCL Institute of Education's Newsam Library, the largest education library in Europe

The UCL library system comprises 18 libraries located across the Bloomsbury and UCL East campuses.[219] The libraries contain a total of over 2 million books.[220] The largest library is the UCL Main Library, which is located in the UCL Main Building and contains collections relating to the arts and humanities, economics, history, law and public policy.[219] The second largest library is the UCL Science Library, which is located in the DMS Watson Building on Malet Place and contains collections relating to anthropology, engineering, geography, life sciences, management and the mathematical and physical sciences.[219] The Cruciform Hub contains books and periodicals in the subjects of clinical medicine and medical science.[221] It holds the combined collections of the former Boldero and Clinical Sciences libraries which developed within the Middlesex Hospital, University College Hospital and Royal Free & University College Medical Schools up until their merger in 2005.[222]

Other libraries include the UCL Bartlett Library (architecture and town planning), the UCL Eastman Dental Institute Library (oral health sciences), the UCL Institute of Archaeology Library (archaeology and egyptology), the UCL Institute of Education's Newsam Library (education and related areas of social science), the UCL Institute of Neurology Rockefeller Medical Library (neurosurgery and neuroscience), the Joint Moorfields Eye Hospital & the UCL Institute of Ophthalmology Library (biomedicine, medicine, nursing, ophthalmology and visual science), the UCL Language & Speech Science Library (audiology, communication disorders, linguistics & phonetics, special education, speech & language therapy and voice) and the UCL School of Slavonic and East European Studies Library (the economics, geography, history, languages, literature and politics of Eastern Europe).[219] The newest library is the UCL East Library, currently located in the Learning Hub on the first floor of One Pool Street. Uniquely among UCL libraries, it offers a 'click and collect' service allowing books from any UCL library to be delivered to UCL East rather than having to be picked up from the library that holds them. It is expected to relocate to the new Marshgate building when that opens in September 2023.[223]

UCL staff and students have full access to the main libraries of the University of London – the Senate House Library and the libraries of the institutes of the School of Advanced Study – which are located close to the main UCL campus in Bloomsbury.[224] These libraries contain over 3.7 million books and focus on the arts, humanities and social sciences.[220] The British Library, which contains around 14 million books, is also located close to the main UCL campus and all UCL students and staff can apply for reference access.[225]

UCL's open access institutional repository, UCL Discovery, and UCL Press, UCL's open access academic press are managed by UCL Library Services.[226]

Special collections

UCL's Special Collections contains UCL's collection of historical or culturally significant works. It holds over 150,000 rare books, including 179 incunabula, as well as over 600 collections of archives and manuscripts. The incunabula include a 1477 edition of Dante's Divine Comedy, and a 1493 edition of the Nuremberg Chronicle donated by Jeremy Bentham.[227][228]

UCL's most significant works are housed in three strong rooms. The special collection includes first editions of Isaac Newton's Principia, Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species and James Joyce's Ulysses.[229]

Museums

The Flaxman Gallery

UCL is responsible for several museums and collections in a wide range of fields across the arts and sciences, including:[230]

Reputation and rankings

University College London's national league table performance over the past ten years
National

UCL is ranked as one of the top ten universities in all three of the main UK university league tables.[235][236][237] These place more emphasis on teaching and student experience than global rankings, using criteria such as teaching quality and learning resources, entry standards, employment prospects, research quality and dropout rates.[241] It went through a dip in rankings in recent years, particularly in The Guardian University Guide, but returned to the top ten in 2022, when its ninth position was its best result in that table since 2014.[242]

In the 2023 Complete University Guide subject tables, UCL was ranked in the top ten in 34 subjects out of 42 offered (81%). It was ranked top for American studies, linguistics, speech and language therapy, and building.[243]

In the 2023 Guardian University Guide subject tables, UCL is ranked top in construction, surveying and planning. It was ranked in the top ten for 21 of 31 subjects offered (68%).[236]

UCL is ranked top in the 2023 Times/Sunday Times Good University Guide for American studies, building, information systems and management, liberal arts, and town and country planning. It is ranked in the top ten for 31 of 44 subjects offered (70%). The 2023 Good University Guide also ranked UCL 98th in their social inclusion ranking (covering England and Wales). UCL was named University of the Year in the Times/Sunday Times Good University Guide for 2024.[237]

Analysis by the Department for Education in 2018, found that UCL had an impact on earnings of graduates five years after graduation of +15.5% for women (7th highest impact) and +16.2% for men (10th highest impact) compared to average graduates with similar background characteristics (prior attainment, socio-economic status, etc.) and subject choice.[244]

Global

UCL has been consistently ranked in the top 25 of the three major global rankings published over 2013 to 2022, including being in the top ten of the QS World University Rankings over the whole of that period.[245][246][247]

In the 2024 Academic Ranking of World Universities, UCL was ranked 16th in the world,[248] having been placed between 15th and 21st in the rankings from 2013 to 2024.[245]

In the 2023 QS World University Rankings (published 2022), UCL was ranked 8th in the world.[239] It has ranked between 4th and 10th in the 2014 to 2024 league tables.[246]

In the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2023 (published 2022), UCL was ranked 22nd in the world,[240] having ranked between 14th and 22nd in the 2014 to 2023 tables.[247] In the Times Higher Education World Reputation Rankings 2022, UCL was ranked 25th, while in the Times Higher Education Impact Rankings 2022 it was ranked 101–200.[247]

In the 2024–2025 USNWR's Best Global Universities, UCL was ranked joint 7th in the world.[249]

Admissions

Bentham House, the main building of the UCL Faculty of Laws

Admission to UCL is highly selective with an average entry tariff for 2020–21 of 189 UCAS points (approximately equivalent to AAAB at A-level), the 9th highest in the country.[252] According to a Freedom of Information request response, UCL's offer rate for 2021 admission was 36.1% at undergraduate level and 23.5% at postgraduate level across all applicants.[253][note 9]

International students have made up the majority of main-scheme applicants to UCL since 2015 and the majority of acceptances since 2017. The ratio of main-scheme applicants to acceptances in 2022 was 10.3 for UK applicants and 9.9 for international applicants.[250] Within the UK, UCL is a local recruiter,[254] with 47.4% of 2022 UK admissions coming from the London region and a further 28.1% from the adjacent East of England and South East regions.[250]

Of UCL's young UK domiciled undergraduates, 32.7% were privately educated in 2019–20, the eighth highest proportion amongst mainstream British universities.[255]

Undergraduate law applicants are required to take the National Admissions Test for Law[256] and undergraduate medical applicants are required to take the BioMedical Admissions Test.[256] Applicants for European Social and Political Studies are required to take the Thinking Skills Assessment (TSA) should they be selected for an assessment day.[256] Medicine, pharmacy and English also interview undergraduate applicants prior to making an offer of admission.[256]

Widening access

UCL runs a contextual offer scheme called Access UCL, whereby eligible applicants can receive conditional offers for courses at UCL that have lower requirements than the standard conditional offers for those courses. Eligibility for Access UCL can be through an applicant living in a deprived areas or an area with low participation in higher education, through having spent time in care, though being a young adult carer, or through being estranged from their family. Except for applicants that have spent time in care, the scheme requires applicants to have attended a state school. Mature applicants are assessed on the same criteria, and are additionally not eligible if they have completed or are on the final year of an undergraduate degree. While the scheme enables applicants from disadvantaged backgrounds to receive contextual offers, it does not guarantee that an offer will be made.[258] Contextual offers vary by course. For example, a contextual offer for the law LLB reduces the requirement from A*AA to BBB at A level,[259] but for the physics MSci from A*AA to AAB.[260]

UCL also runs week-long UCL Summer Schools for high-achieving students from disadvantaged backgrounds in partnership with the Sutton Trust. These give participants the opportunity to explore London, to develop skills in their chosen subject, to improve their university applications through personal statement workshops and talks by admissions tutors, and to take part in social activities.[261]

From the 2023/24 academic year, UCL will be launching an engineering foundation year based at UCL East for students who do not meet the standard entry requirements, who attended UK state schools for A levels or equivalent (unless refugees), and who live in an area with high levels of at least one axis of deprivation.[262]

For international students who do not meet the requirements for admission to the college, it runs intensive one-year foundation courses, called Undergraduate Preparatory Certificates, in either sciences or humanities.[263]

For UK domiciled young full-time undergraduate entrants in 2020/21, 67.6% came from state schools, significantly below the location-adjusted benchmark of 74.5%, and 4.3% came from low participation neighbourhoods, not significantly different from the location-adjusted benchmark of 4.0%.[257] For UK-domiciled undergraduate entrants in 2022/23, UCAS data shows no significant difference in offer rate with ethnicity or gender.[251] Applicants from the 20% of neighbourhoods with the lowest rates of participation in higher education receive offers at a rate 4.9% higher than would be expected based on their subject choice and predicted grades alone, a statistically significant difference, accounting for 6.3% of all offers. The offer rate for applicants from the 20% of neighbourhoods with the lowest rates of participation in higher education is not significantly different from that expected, with applicants from those neighbourhoods accounting for 48.9% of all offers.[251]

Student life

Students' union

Students' union building on Gordon Street

Founded in 1893, Students' Union UCL, formerly the UCL Union, is one of the oldest students' unions in England, although postdating the Liverpool Guild of Students which formed a student representative council in 1892.[68][264] Students' Union UCL operates both as the representative voice for UCL students, and as a provider of a wide range of services. It is democratically controlled through General Meetings and referendums, and is run by elected student officers. The union also supports a range of services, including numerous clubs and societies, sports facilities, an advice service, and a number of bars, cafes and shops.[265]

As of 2021, there are over 250 clubs and societies under the umbrella of the UCL Union.[266] These include: UCL Snowsports (one of the largest sports society at UCL, responsible for organising the annual UCL ski trip),[267] Pi Media (responsible for Pi Magazine and Pi Newspaper, UCL's official student publications),[268] the Debating Society (established 1829),[269] and the UCL Union Film Society, with past members including Christopher Nolan.[270]

Faith

From its foundation the college has been deliberately secular; the initial justification for this was that it would enable students of different Christian traditions (specifically Roman Catholics, Anglicans and Nonconformists) to study alongside each other without conflict.[271] In order to cater to people of all faiths, UCL opened a prayer room (with attached ablution facilities) and a silent meditation room in the student centre in February 2019, and there is a quiet contemplation room behind 16–26 Gordon Square. There is also a Christian chaplain (who also serves as interfaith advisor) and there are student societies for most major religions.[272][273]

Sport

The union runs over 70 sports clubs,[274] including the UCL Cricket Club (Men's and Women's), UCL Boat Club (Men's and Women's clubs), UCL Running, Athletics and Cross Country Club, and UCL Rugby Club (Men's and Women's), as well as RUMS sports clubs for medical students (from Royal Free, University College and Middlesex, the three medical schools that merged into UCL).[170][275]

UCL clubs compete in inter-university fixtures in the British Universities and Colleges Sport (BUCS) competition in a range of sports, including athletics, basketball, cricket, fencing, football, hockey, netball, rugby union and tennis. In the 2021/22 season, UCL finished in 16th position in the final BUCS rankings.[276]

UCL sports facilities include a fitness centre at the main UCL campus in Bloomsbury and a 90-acre (36 ha) athletics ground in Shenley, Hertfordshire,[277] part of which is used as the Watford Football Club Training Ground.[278] It also exercises effective control over Somers Town Community Sports Centre, with the power to appoint five of the nine trustees.[2] The sports centre includes a six-court sports hall,[279] as well as an activity/dance studio and an all-weather outdoor multi-use games area.[280][281][282]

Mascot

Pencil signed etching of Phineas Maclino

The UCL mascot was Phineas MacLino, or Phineas, a wooden tobacconist's sign of a kilted Jacobite Highlander stolen from outside a shop in Tottenham Court Road during the celebrations of the relief of Ladysmith, part of the Second Boer War, in March 1900.[283] In 1922, Phineas was stolen by students from King's, marking the start of 'mascotry', leading to an hour-long battle and the eventual return of Phineas.[284] In 1993, the students' union's centenary year, Phineas was placed in the third floor bar of 25 Gordon Street and the bar named after him.[285] In 2019, the students' union voted to remove the mascot from the bar due to its links to imperialism and British colonialism.[286][287]

Rivalry with King's College London

A UCL player attacks in his team's 2014 Varsity victory. UCL's traditional rivalry with King's College is nowadays most noticeable at the annual varsity rugby game.

UCL has a long-running, mostly friendly rivalry with King's College London, but there were frequent clashes in the interwar period which have historically been known as "rags".[288] UCL students have been referred to by students from King's as the "Godless Scum of Gower Street", in reference to a comment made at the founding of King's, which was based on Christian principles. UCL students in turn referred to King's as "Strand Polytechnic".[289][290]

In 1922 Phineas, the UCL mascot was kidnapped by King's students, leading to a pitched battle in the King's College quad as UCL students recovered their mascot.[291][292] Shortly after this, King's adopted their own mascot – initially a large papier-mâché beer bottle, soon replaced by Reggie the Lion.[284] During the 1927 rag, Reggie was captured by UCL students and his body filled with rotten apples. During the same year, an attempt by King's students to capture Phineas led to the "Battle of Gower Street", caught on camera by British Pathé.[293] On another occasion, Reggie was castrated by UCL students.[294]

King's students stole the embalmed head of Jeremy Bentham in October 1975, only returning it after UCL paid a ransom to charity. The head is now kept in the UCL vaults.[295]

Student campaigns

In 1956, UCL students organised a silent march progressing against the Soviet oppression of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. Around 1,300 students from across institutions in London matches from the Royal Albert Hall to the Soviet Embassy. There were active Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament and anti-apartheid students groups at UCL in the 1960s and a pioneering GaySoc group that helped drive the National Union of Students gay rights campaign in the 1970s. 1977 saw a student occupation of administrative offices and the Slade School in protest against government cuts to higher education.[67]

In 2010, protests by students and staff led UCL to promise to pay a living wage to all UCL staff.[296] As part of the protests against the UK government's plans to increase student fees, around 200 students occupied the Jeremy Bentham Room and part of the Slade School of Fine Art for over two weeks during November and December 2010.[297][298] The university successfully obtained a court order to evict the students but stated that it did not intend to enforce the order if possible.[298]

The late 2010s saw student campaigns around the cost of university-run accommodation. In 2016, over 1000 students took part in a rent strike in protest against high rents and poor conditions. Organisers said they had won over £1 million in rent cuts, freezes and grants from UCL in the settlement that ended the strike.[299] Another rent strike in 2017 lead to UCL pledging around £1.4 million in bursaries and rent freezes, mostly in the form of accommodation bursaries for less well-off students totalling £600,000 per year for the 2017/18 and 2018/19 academic years.[300] Another rent strike was held at two halls of residence in the third term of the 2017/18 academic year due to complaints over conditions at those halls.[301]

In 2018, Aliza Ayaz, then a first year student founded the university’s first environment student campaign by setting up the Climate Action Society.[302] The student society led pressure on the university to divest from fossil fuels and make the announcement publicly.[303][304]

In 2024, students protesting against the Israel-Hamas war set up an encampment in the campus, emulating the 2024 pro-Palestinian protests that took place across universities in the United States. The UCL encampment followed similar movements by students in other UK universities, such as the University of Leeds and the University of Bristol.[305] [306]

Student body

UCL student body 2021/22

  UK undergrad (23.5%)
  Int undergrad (27.3%)
  UK taught postgrad (17.4%)
  Int taught postgrad (18.7%)
  UK research postgrad (7.5%)
  Int research postgrad (5.6%)

In the 2021/22 academic year, UCL had a total of 46,830 students, of whom 23,800 were undergraduates (11,000 UK, 12,800 international), 16,910 were taught postgraduates (8,160 UK, 8,745 international) and 6,120 were research postgraduates (3,520 UK, 2,600 international).[307] In that year, UCL had the second-largest total number of students of any university in the United Kingdom (after the Open University) and the largest number of postgraduate students; however, in terms of UK undergraduates it was 68th by size.[307] It had been the UK university with the highest number of international students every year since 2014/15.[310]

In 2021/22, 87% of UCL's students were full-time and 13% part-time,[307] although among undergraduates only 3% were part-time. The student body was split 60.8% female, 39.1% male and 0.1% other gender identity.[307] 24,145 UCL students (52%) were from outside the UK, of whom 15,795 were from Asia, 4,400 from the European Union, 1,440 from North America, 890 from elsewhere in Europe, 790 from the Middle East, 370 from Africa, 310 from South America, and 155 from Australasia; 45% of overseas students at UCL – 10,785 – came from China.[308] Additionally, UCL had 895 students studying wholly overseas in 2021/22 (10 undergraduate, 785 taught postgraduate and 80 research postgraduate) that are not included in the count of the student population.[311]

For UK domiciled students, UCL's student body in 2021/22 was 52.9% white, 26.4% Asian, 7.6% mixed, 6.4% black and 4.6% other, compared to an average across London institutions of 47.8% white, 22.2% Asian, 6.7% mixed, 15.5% black and 4.9% other. Over the whole student body, 12.5% had a known disability, compared to 15.8% across all institutions.[309]

Diversity

UCL holds an institutional silver Athena SWAN award. It gained its first institutional award (bronze) in 2006 and was promoted to silver in 2015. As of November 2021, 21 departments across UCL hold bronze awards, 17 hold silver awards and three hold gold awards.[312] UCL also holds an institutional bronze Race Equality Charter award, which it first gained in 2015.[313]

UCL was formerly a member of Stonewall Diversity Champions scheme, promoting LGBT+ equality. It left in February 2020 as a cost-cutting measure and then controversially decided in late 2021 not to rejoin, against the advice of its equality diversity and inclusion committee, following a vote of the academic board that expressed fears that membership of the scheme could inhibit academic freedom. The decision not to rejoin was strongly opposed by staff and student LGBT+ groups at UCL and by the students' union.[314][315]

Notable people

UCL alumni include Francis Crick (co-discoverer of the structure of DNA),[316] Lord Herschell (Lord Chancellor of Great Britain),[317] William Stanley Jevons (an early pioneer of modern economics),[318] Charles K. Kao ("Godfather of broadband"),[319] Jomo Kenyatta (considered the "Founding Father" of Kenya)[320] and Joseph Lister (pioneer in the use of antiseptics in surgery).[321] Notable former staff include Hugh Gaitskell (leader of the Labour Party 1955–63),[322] Otto Hahn (pioneer of nuclear chemistry, discoverer of nuclear fusion and Nobel laureate),[18] Peter Higgs (proposer of the Higgs mechanism, which predicted the existence of the Higgs boson, and Nobel laureate),[18] A. E. Housman (classical scholar and poet, who wrote A Shropshire Lad while a professor at UCL),[323] Sir William Ramsay (discoverer of all of the naturally occurring noble gases)[324] and Klaus Roth (mathematician and Field's Medal winner).[325]

Nobel Prizes have been awarded to 30 UCL academics (including visiting academics) and alumni (16 in Physiology or Medicine, seven in Chemistry, five in Physics and one each in Literature and Economic Sciences) as well as three Fields Medals in Mathematics.[18][19]

In the 19th century UCL operated as a college, with many students taking individual lecture courses rather than studying for degrees.[326]These included well-known alumni such as Mahatma Gandhi, who took English classes with Henry Morley in 1888–89,[327] and John Stuart Mill, who attended lectures on jurisprudence by John Austin.[328]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ See also the Final Report of the Stanford University TCP project, IEN 151., written by Cerf in 1980. This was originally, in TCP version 2 in 1977 (IEN5), to be entitled "Final Report of the Internetwork TCP Project" and to be written by Cerf [Stanford], Stephen Edge [UCL], Andrew Hinchley [UCL], Richard Karp [Stanford], Peter T. Kirstein [UCL], and Paal Spilling [NDRE]. This title was carried over into version 3 (IEN21) and into the list of references in version 4 but the present title was adopted in the preface (IEN55).
  2. ^ the University of Sydney
  3. ^ the University of Toronto
  4. ^ Peking University, Zhejiang University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and the University of Hong Kong
  5. ^ All India Institutes of Medical Sciences, the Indian Institute of Science, the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi and the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
  6. ^ Osaka University
  7. ^ the National University of Singapore
  8. ^ HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science
  9. ^ The UCAS offer statistics given in the table above cover only UK domiciled applicants
  10. ^ HESA only collects ethnicity information for UK domiciled students.

References

  1. ^ "Address from University College London". Record of the Celebration of the Quatercentenary of the University of Aberdeen. University of Aberdeen. 1907. p. 537.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Annual Report and Financial Statements for the year ended 31 July 2023" (PDF). University College London. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
  3. ^ a b "UCL Council". University College London. August 2022. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
  4. ^ "UCL Officers". University College London. Archived from the original on 3 February 2013. Retrieved 4 February 2013.
  5. ^ a b "Who's working in HE?". www.hesa.ac.uk. Higher Education Statistics Agency.
  6. ^ a b c "Where do HE students study? | HESA". hesa.ac.uk. Higher Education Statistics Agency.
  7. ^ a b c "Working with our brand: Visual identity" (PDF). UCL. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 December 2019. Retrieved 23 December 2022. Mid Purple and Blue Celeste are UCL's traditional colours
  8. ^ "Making an Impact: the UCL style guide" (PDF). UCL. 2005. p. 44. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 April 2015. Retrieved 28 October 2018. UCL should always be referred to as 'UCL'. "University College London" can only be used as part of the postal address.
  9. ^ Sutherland, John (29 July 2005). "What's in a name?". The Guardian.
  10. ^ "Working with our brand" (PDF). UCL. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 December 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019. UCL is the university's official name
  11. ^ "Where do HE students study?". Higher Education Statistics Agency. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  12. ^ Harte, Negley; North, John (2004). The World of UCL 1828–2004. London: UCL. pp. 29–32. ISBN 978-1-84472-025-5.
  13. ^ "Students defend freedom of expression at University College London". The Secular Society. Retrieved 11 February 2018.
  14. ^ Georgia Oman (28 January 2020). "Suffrage, Arson, and the University of Bristol". Doing History in Public.
  15. ^ a b Richard Adams (27 June 2022). "University College London generates £10bn a year for UK, says report". The Guardian.
  16. ^ "UCL Partners to become 'biggest AHSC in the world'". Health Service Journal. 17 October 2011. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 25 November 2013.
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Further reading

External links