The Khmer National Armed Forces (French: Forces Armées Nationales Khmères), best known by its French acronym FANK, were the official armed defense forces of the Khmer Republic from 1970 to 1975. Subordinated to the Ministry of Defense of the Cambodian Republican Government at the national capital Phnom Penh, the FANK branches were organized as follows:
The Cambodian People's National Liberation Armed Forces (CPNLAF) were the official armed wing of the National United Front of Kampuchea (French: Front uni national du Kampuchéa or Front uni national khmer – FUNK), an umbrella organization dedicated to the armed overthrow of the pro-western Khmer Republic. Technically subordinated to the exiled Royal Government of the National Union of Kampuchea (French: Gouvernement royal d'union nationale du Kampuchéa – GRUNK) based in Beijing, the CPNLAF comprised the following three guerrilla movements:
M16A1 was the standard Khmer National Armed Forces (FANK) issue assault rifleAK-47 and AKM assault rifles were used extensively in swamp and jungle environments by FANK troops
Chinese-made submerged floating river mines: employed by the PAVN and the Khmer Rouge against both military and civilian commercial shipping along the Mekong River.[94][95]
Rocket systems
Type 63 107 mm rocket: fired from makeshift rocket launchers made out of cut bamboo branches or from a more sophisticated two-shot launcher on a simple metal tripod.[13][96]
^Conboy and Bowra, The War in Cambodia 1970–75 (1989), p. 5.
^ a b"Post-WWII use of the MAS-36 rifle: Part II (export users)". wwiiafterwwii.wordpress.com. 2015-08-23. Archived from the original on April 5, 2023. Retrieved 2017-06-15.
^Thompson, The M1903 Springfield Rifle (2013), p. 63.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s tSutsakhan, The Khmer Republic at War and the Final Collapse (1980), p. 182, Appendix C (Army Item).
^Conboy and Bowra, The War in Cambodia 1970–75 (1989), pp. 5; 33.
^Thompson, The M1 Carbine (2011), p. 67.
^Conboy and Bowra, The War in Cambodia 1970–75 (1989), p. 18.
^Conboy and Bowra, The War in Cambodia 1970–75 (1989), pp. 18; 42.
^Conboy and Bowra, The War in Cambodia 1970–75 (1989), pp. 18; 38; 42.
^ a b c d e fRottman, The AK-47 Kalashnikov-series assault rifles (2011), p. 78.
^ a b c d eConboy and Bowra, The War in Cambodia 1970–75 (1989), p. 42.
^"Small Arms Survey – Working Papers" (PDF). November 8, 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 11, 2006. Retrieved December 23, 2014.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l mConboy and Bowra, The War in Cambodia 1970–75 (1989), p. 43.
^ a b c d e f gConboy, FANK: A History of the Cambodian Armed Forces, 1970–1975 (2011), pp. 193–195.
^ a b c d eConboy and Bowra, The War in Cambodia 1970–75 (1989), p. 22.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q rSIPRI Arms Transfers Database
^Rottman, US Grenade Launchers – M79, M203, and M320 (2017), pp. 72–73.
^Conboy and Bowra, The War in Cambodia 1970–75 (1989), p. 46.
^Davis and Greer, Gunships, A Pictorial History of Spooky (1982), pp. 63–64.
^ a b cConboy, FANK: A History of the Cambodian Armed Forces, 1970–1975 (2011), pp. 263; 268–269.
^Grandolini, Armor of the Vietnam War (2): Asian Forces (1998), pp. 11–12; 26–27; 29–31; 33.
^Zaloga and Laurier, M24 Chaffee Light Tank 1943–85 (2003), p. 22.
^Conboy and Bowra, The War in Cambodia 1970–75 (1989), p. 13.
^Grandolini, Armor of the Vietnam War (2): Asian Forces (1998), pp. 11–12; 25; 34; 65.
^Conboy, FANK: A History of the Cambodian Armed Forces, 1970–1975 (2011), pp. 193–195; 199.
^Robinson, Lau and Gibeau, Images of War: The AMX 13 Light Tank, A Complete History – rare photographs from wartime archives (2018), pp. 241–243.
^Grandolini, Armor of the Vietnam War (2): Asian Forces (1998), pp. 11–12; 15.
^Conboy, FANK: A History of the Cambodian Armed Forces, 1970–1975 (2011), pp. 193–196.
^Grandolini, Armor of the Vietnam War (2): Asian Forces (1998), pp. 11–12; 14; 26; 30; 34.
^Conboy, FANK: A History of the Cambodian Armed Forces, 1970–1975 (2011), pp. 193–197.
^Grandolini, Armor of the Vietnam War (2): Asian Forces (1998), pp. 11–12; 15.
^Conboy, FANK: A History of the Cambodian Armed Forces, 1970–1975 (2011), pp. 193–195; 197; 199.
^Grandolini, Armor of the Vietnam War (2): Asian Forces (1998), pp. 11–12.
^Dunstan, Panhard Armoured Car: 1961 Onwards (AML 60, AML 90, Eland), Enthusiasts' Manual (2019), p. 154.
^Grandolini, Armor of the Vietnam War (2): Asian Forces (1998), pp. 11–12; 15.
^Grandolini, Armor of the Vietnam War (2): Asian Forces (1998), pp. 11–12; 15; 26; 29–30.
^Conboy, FANK: A History of the Cambodian Armed Forces, 1970–1975 (2011), pp. 193–195; 198.
^Grandolini, Armor of the Vietnam War (2): Asian Forces (1998), p. 25.
^Grandolini, Armor of the Vietnam War (2): Asian Forces (1998), pp. 11–12.
^Dunstam, Hadler and Smith, The M113 series (1983), p. 33.
^Grandolini, Armor of the Vietnam War (2): Asian Forces (1998), pp. 11–12; 38; 64–66.
^Foss, Jane's Tank & Combat Vehicle recognition guide (2002), p. 215.
^Conboy, FANK: A History of the Cambodian Armed Forces, 1970–1975 (2011), pp. 193–195; 198; 200.
^Conboy, FANK: A History of the Cambodian Armed Forces, 1970–1975 (2011), p. 130.
^ a b c"Annex C Appendix II". US Army Technical Manual of Foreign Military Sales: Battlefield Damage Assessment and Repair (PDF). Washington, D.C. 18 December 1987. p. 262. TM 9-2320-356-BD. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 September 2012. Retrieved 15 June 2013.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Grandolini, Armor of the Vietnam War (2): Asian Forces (1998), p. 25.
^ a bConboy, FANK: A History of the Cambodian Armed Forces, 1970–1975 (2011), pp. 130; 264.
^"Unpunished Purge". 8 October 2016.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p qSutsakhan, The Khmer Republic at War and the Final Collapse (1980), p. 183, Appendix C (Air Force Item).
^"World Air Forces 1971 pg. 924-925". Retrieved 2013-03-14.
^Conboy, FANK: A History of the Cambodian Armed Forces, 1970-1975 (2011), pp. 218; 223.
^ a bGunston, An Illustrated Guide to Military Helicopters (1981), p. 18.
^Conboy, FANK: A History of the Cambodian Armed Forces, 1970-1975 (2011), p. 220.
^Conboy and Bowra, The War in Cambodia 1970-75 (1989), p. 19.
^ a bJan Forsgren, Cambodia: Khmer Air Force History 1970-1975 (Part 2) - http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/waf/aa-eastasia/cambodia/cam-af-history2.htm
^Love, Greer and Sewell, A-37/T-37 Dragonfly in action (1991), p. 16.
^Conboy, FANK: A History of the Cambodian Armed Forces, 1970-1975 (2011), p. 214.
^Taylor and Munson, Jane's Pocket Book of Major Combat Aircraft (1973), p. 179.
^Krivinyi, World Military Aviation (1977), p. 178.
^Fitzsimons, The Defenders: A Comprehensive Guide to Warplanes of the USA (1988), p. 137.
^Adcock, Greer and Sewell, T-28 Trojan in action (1989), p. 114.
^Chinnery, The age of austerity in Vietnam, the air war over south-east Asia (2016), p. 92.
^Davis and Greer, Gunships, A Pictorial History of Spooky (1982), pp. 63–64.
^Conboy, FANK: A History of the Cambodian Armed Forces, 1970-1975 (2011), pp. 217–218.
^"AU-24A Helio Stallion".
^Davis and Greer, Gunships, A Pictorial History of Spooky (1982), pp. 13–14.
^Conboy and Bowra, The War in Cambodia 1970-75 (1989), pp. 20–21.
^ a bConboy, FANK: A History of the Cambodian Armed Forces, 1970-1975 (2011), p. 219.
^Grandolini, Air Enthusiast 37 (1988), p. 40.
^Nalty, Neufeld and Watson, An Illustrated Guide to the Air War over Vietnam (1982), pp. 46–49.
^ADF Serials list of Australian military DC-2s/DC-3s/C-47s Archived 2011-06-07 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 2010-06-19
^Chun, The Last Boarding Party: The USMC and the SS Mayaguez 1975 (2011), pp. 47; 51.
^Mersky, Crutch and Holmes, A-7 Corsair II Units 1975-91 (2021), p. 14.
^"Aviation Royale Khmere/Khmer Air Force Aircraft".
^Beck, "Database: Fairchild C-123 Provider" (2022), p. 123.
^Wheeler, Flight International 15 August 1974, p. 171.
^Nalty, Neufeld and Watson, An Illustrated Guide to the Air War over Vietnam (1982), pp. 36–37.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x ySutsakhan, The Khmer Republic at War and the Final Collapse (1980), p. 183, Appendix C (Navy Item).
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n oConboy, FANK: A History of the Cambodian Armed Forces, 1970–1975 (2011), p. 243 (table of operational craft).
^John Pike. "Cambodia Navy - History". globalsecurity.org.
^"Jane's Fighting Ships, 1974–75". Khmer Republic/KOREA. p. 215. Archived from the original on 22 May 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2012.
^Conboy, FANK: A History of the Cambodian Armed Forces, 1970–1975 (2011), pp. 239; 243 (table of operational craft); 245.
^John Pike. "Cambodia Navy - History". globalsecurity.org.
^Conboy and Bowra, The War in Cambodia 1970–75 (1989), p. 33.
^Thompson, Soviet Pistols – Tokarev, Makarov, Stechkin and others (2015), p. 74.
^Popenker, Maxim (27 October 2010). "Sa. 23". Modern Firearms.
^Harriman, The Mosin-Nagant Rifle (2016), pp. 70-72.
^ a bKatcher and Chappell, Armies of the Vietnam War 1962-1975 (1980), p. 35.
^Harriman, The Mosin-Nagant Rifle (2016), p. 55.
^McNab, The SVD Dragunov Rifle (2023), pp. 36-37.
^Conboy and Bowra, The War in Cambodia 1970–75 (1989), p. 45.
^"Stickgrenade, Type67". Archived from the original on June 23, 2013.
^Conboy and Bowra, The War in Cambodia 1970–75 (1989), p. 7.
^Dunham, U.S. Marines in Vietnam: The Bitter End, 1973–1975 (1990), 102–104.
^Brian Anderson (2012). "Chinese-Made 107mm Rockets Are the Workhorses of Insurgencies (and Goons)". Motherboard. Archived from the original on 2015-04-08.
^Rottman, US Grenade Launchers – M79, M203, and M320 (2017), pp. 72–73.
^Shawcross, Sideshow: Kissinger, Nixon and the Destruction of Cambodia (1979), p. 358.
^Sutsakhan, The Khmer Republic at War and the Final Collapse (1980), p. 156.
^Dunham, U.S. Marines in Vietnam: The Bitter End, 1973–1975 (1990), p. 105.
^Davies, UH-1 Huey Gunship vs NVA/VC Forces: Vietnam 1962–75 (2021), p. 28.
^Ross, Cambodia, a Country Study (1987), p. 313.
^Foss, Jane's Tank & Combat Vehicle recognition guide (2002), p. 72.
^Kinnear, Sewell & Aksenov, Soviet T-54 Main Battle Tank (2018), Appendix eight: known customers and users of the T‑54 medium tank, p. 182.
^Kinnear, Sewell & Aksenov, Soviet T-55 Main Battle Tank (2019), Appendix six: known client users of the T‑55 medium tank, p. 160.
^Dunstam, Hadler and Smith, The M113 series (1983), p. 33.
^Conboy, FANK: A History of the Cambodian Armed Forces, 1970–1975 (2011), p. 200.
^"Unpunished Purge". 8 October 2016.
^Conboy and Bowra, The War in Cambodia 1970–75 (1989), p. 45.
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