Indiana University Bloomington ( IU Bloomington , Indiana University , IU или просто Indiana ) — государственный исследовательский университет в Блумингтоне, штат Индиана . Это флагманский кампус Университета Индианы и его крупнейший кампус, в котором обучается более 40 000 студентов. [8] [9] Основанная в 1820 году как государственная семинария, название было изменено на «Колледж Индианы» в 1829 году и на «Университет Индианы» в 1838 году.
Университет Индианы является членом Ассоциации американских университетов и относится к категории «R1: Докторантура – очень высокая исследовательская деятельность». [10] Его школы и программы включают Музыкальную школу Джейкобса , Школу бизнеса Келли , Педагогическую школу , Школу информатики Ладди , Школу О'Нила по связям с общественностью и окружающей средой , Школу общественного здравоохранения , Медицинскую школу , Школу медсестер. , Колледж Хаттона с отличием и Юридическая школа Маурера . [11] На территории кампуса также имеется библиотека Лилли , Художественный музей Эскенази и Мемориальный союз Индианы .
Спортивные команды Индианы соревнуются в Дивизионе I NCAA и известны как Indiana Hoosiers . Университет является членом конференции «Большой десятки» . Поскольку у него нет талисмана, все команды известны просто как «Hoosiers». Индиана Хузерс выиграла 24 национальных чемпионата NCAA и один национальный чемпионат Ассоциации межвузовской легкой атлетики среди женщин (AIAW), а также 145 индивидуальных национальных чемпионатов NCAA. Титулы, завоеванные командами, включают восемь титулов мужской футбольной команды Hoosiers , рекордные шесть подряд в мужском плавании и прыжках в воду, пять мужских баскетбольных команд Hoosiers , три в мужском кроссе, один в мужской легкой атлетике и один в борьбе. .
Правительство штата Индиана в Коридоне учредило Университет Индианы 20 января 1820 года как «Государственную семинарию». [12] Строительство началось в 1822 году на территории, которая сейчас называется Парком Семинари-сквер, недалеко от пересечения Второй улицы и Колледж-авеню. Занятия начались 4 апреля 1825 года. [13] Первым профессором был Бейнард Раш Холл , пресвитерианский священник, который преподавал все классы в 1825–1827 годах. В первый год он обучил двенадцать студентов и получил 250 долларов. Холл был классиком , который сосредоточился на греческом и латыни и считал, что изучение классической философии и языков составляет основу лучшего образования. [14] Первый класс окончился в 1830 году. С 1820 по 1889 год между IU и Винсеннесским университетом велась юридическая и политическая битва за то, какой университет является законным государственным университетом. [15] [16]
В 1829 году Эндрю Уайли стал первым президентом и занимал этот пост до своей смерти в 1851 году. Название школы было изменено на «Колледж Индианы» в 1829 году и на «Университет Индианы» в 1838 году. [17] Уайли и Дэвид Максвелл, президент попечительский совет, были набожными пресвитерианцами. Они говорили о несектантском статусе школы, но обычно нанимали своих собратьев-пресвитерианцев. Ожидалось, что президенты и профессора подадут моральный пример своим подопечным. После шести министров подряд первым несвященнослужителем, ставшим президентом, стал молодой профессор биологии Дэвид Старр Джордан в 1885 году . .
Джордан (президент 1884–1891 гг.) улучшил финансовое положение и общественный имидж университета, удвоил набор студентов и ввел систему выборного обучения по образцу его альма-матер, Корнелльского университета . [19] Джордан стал президентом Стэнфордского университета в июне 1891 года. [20]
Рост учреждения был медленным. В 1851 году в IU было около сотни студентов и семь профессоров. IU принял свою первую студентку, Сару Парк Моррисон, в 1867 году, что сделало IU четвертым государственным университетом, принимающим женщин наравне с мужчинами . [ нужна цитата ] Моррисон стала первой женщиной-профессором в IU в 1873 году. [ нужна цитата ]
Математик Джозеф Суэйн был первым президентом АйЮ, родившимся в Хузире, с 1893 по 1902 год. Он основал Кирквуд-холл в 1894 году; мужская гимназия 1896 года, позже получившая название Актового зала ; и обсерватория Кирквуда в 1900 году. Он начал строительство Научного зала в 1901 году. За время его президентства набор студентов увеличился с 524 до 1285 человек. [21] [22]
В 1883 году АйЮ получил свою первую докторскую степень и впервые начал заниматься межвузовским видом спорта (бейсбол), что стало прообразом будущего статуса школы как крупного исследовательского учреждения и силы в студенческой легкой атлетике. Но еще один инцидент в том же году вызвал более насущную тревогу: первоначальный кампус на Семинарской площади сгорел дотла. Колледж был перестроен между 1884 и 1908 годами на дальней восточной окраине Блумингтона. (Сегодня город расширился на восток, и «новый» кампус снова находится в центре города.) Одной из проблем было то, что ограниченное водоснабжение Блумингтона было недостаточным для его населения в 12 000 человек и не могло справиться с расширением университета. Университет заказал исследование, в результате которого был построен резервуар для его использования. [23]
В 1902 году в IU поступило 1203 студента; все, кроме 65, были Hoosiers. Было 82 аспиранта, в том числе десять из других штатов. В учебной программе особое внимание уделялось классике, как и подобает джентльмену, и она контрастировала с учебной программой, ориентированной на оказание услуг в Университете Пердью , которая приносила прямую пользу фермерам, промышленникам и бизнесменам. [24]
Первый дополнительный офис IU был открыт в Индианаполисе в 1916 году. В 1920/1921 году были открыты Музыкальная школа и Школа коммерции и финансов (позже ставшая Школой бизнеса Келли ). В 1940-х годах Университет Индианы открыл дополнительные кампусы в Кокомо и Форт-Уэйне . Институт сексуальных исследований Кинси был основан в 1945 году.
Во время Великой депрессии Университет Индианы жил намного лучше, чем большинство государственных школ, благодаря предприимчивости его молодого президента Германа Уэллса . Он сотрудничал с Фредериком Л. Ховде , президентом Purdue; вместе они подошли к делегации Индианы в Конгрессе, обозначив свои высшие приоритеты. Для Уэллса целью было построить музыкальную школу мирового уровня, заменив ветхие помещения. В результате этих усилий Управление прогресса работ (WPA) построило один из лучших объектов в стране. Он добавил соответствующие средства от законодательного собрания штата и начал полномасштабную кампанию по сбору средств среди выпускников и бизнес-сообщества. В 1942 году Уэллс сообщил, что «последние пять лет были самым большим периодом расширения физической базы университета за всю его историю. За этот период было построено 15 новых зданий. [25] [26]
В 1960 году студенческий совет IU избрал Томаса Аткинса , афроамериканца из Элкхарта, штат Индиана , на должность президента студенческого совета. Толпа белых студентов протестовала против результата, маршируя по кампусу, размахивая флагами Конфедерации, и якобы обвинила в победе Аткинса «кучку битников». Когда протестующие подошли к женскому общежитию на территории кампуса, их встретил «шквал косметических флаконов, старой обуви и других предметов». [27]
В апреле 2002 года тысячи студентов и сотрудников IU вместе с жителями Блумингтона устроили беспорядки в университетском кампусе, прежде чем слиться с соседними городскими кварталами после того, как мужская баскетбольная команда IU проиграла матч чемпионата NCAA по баскетболу команде Университета Мэриленда Террапинс. [28] Участники беспорядков нанесли значительный ущерб университетским зданиям и городским предприятиям, во время беспорядков было арестовано не менее 45 человек. [29] [30] [31]
В марте 2014 года Управление по гражданским правам Министерства образования США инициировало федеральное расследование соответствия Университета Индианы Разделу IX , охватывающее более 450 жалоб о сексуальных домогательствах и насилии, поданных в университет в период с 2011 по 2015 год. Жалобы касались как студентов, так и студентов. сотрудники или преподаватели университета. Расследование выявило обеспокоенность по поводу своевременности реагирования, отсутствия документации, невозможности предотвращения возмездия и создания сексуально враждебной среды в кампусе. Следствие также подвергло критике отсутствие обязательного сексуального домогательства, неправомерного поведения и обучения персонала, а также отсутствие институциональной поддержки координатора Раздела IX для надзора за соблюдением требований университетом. [32]
В феврале 2016 года заместитель декана университета по делам студентов, директор по студенческой этике и заместитель директора Раздела IX Джейсон Касарес внезапно подал в отставку со своей должности после того, как избранный президент Ассоциации по вопросам поведения студентов и Нью-Йорк выдвинули против него обвинения в сексуальном насилии. Помощник директора университета по глобальным общественным стандартам Джилл Крейтон во время конференции в Форт-Уэрте, штат Техас, в декабре 2015 года. [33] [34] [35] Департамент полиции Форт-Уэрта отказался выдвигать обвинения. [36]
В мае 2016 года Управление по гражданским правам Министерства образования США инициировало еще одно расследование по Разделу IX в отношении Университета Индианы за неспособность привлечь студента университета к ответственности за изнасилование другого студента за пределами кампуса и несоблюдение надлежащих процедур Раздела IX после сообщения о сообщении. инцидента. Университет также взимал с жертвы плату за переезд в общежитие после того, как предполагаемый насильник продолжал преследовать жертву в ее общежитии, что также обошлось без вмешательства со стороны университета. Делом жертвы также занимался бывший директор Title IX Джейсон Касарес до его отставки из-за обвинений в сексуальных домогательствах и неправомерном поведении в качестве директора университета по этике студентов и заместителя директора Title IX. [37]
В ноябре 2023 года казначей студенческого самоуправления Университета Индианы Алекс Касван и содиректор DEI Макия Пикетт подали в отставку после того, как обвинили других членов руководства студенческого самоуправления в антисемитизме и неспособности представлять культурное целое студенческого сообщества. Узнав об обвинениях и отставке, представитель США Джим Бэнкс направил письмо президенту университета Памеле Уиттен, осуждая такое поведение, называя его нарушением Закона о гражданских правах 1964 года, и пригрозил продолжением федерального финансирования университета, если такое поведение будет терпимо ректорат университета. Обвиняемый президент студенческого совета Алия Раджи в ответ осудила исламофобию и антисемитизм и заявила, что студенческое самоуправление борется с этими проблемами. [38] [39]
Также в ноябре 2023 года университет привлек внимание всей страны, когда университет запретил преподавателю преподавать после того, как он заявил, что он ненадлежащим образом помогал студенческой группе «Комитет солидарности с Палестиной» зарезервировать место в кампусе. [40] Вскоре после этого администрация университета также отменила запланированную художественную выставку Самии Халаби , палестинско-американского художника. [41] Оба этих события произошли после нападения ХАМАС на Израиль 7 октября 2023 года и в связи с вниманием всей страны к предполагаемому антисемитизму в колледжах и университетах. Они также произошли в разгар изменений в законах штата Индиана, которые некоторые восприняли как посягательство на академическую свободу . Весной 2024 года преподаватели университета выразили недоверие президенту системы Университета Индианы, ректору и исполнительному вице-президенту кампуса Блумингтона, а также вице-проректору кампуса Блумингтона по преподавательским и академическим вопросам. [42]
В феврале 2024 года Управление по гражданским правам Министерства образования США снова инициировало федеральное расследование в отношении университета в ответ на жалобу о нарушении Раздела VI Закона о гражданских правах 1964 года. Жалоба была подана доктором Закари Маршаллом и содержала утверждения об отсутствии реакции и самоуспокоенности администрации университета по поводу растущего числа антисемитских инцидентов в кампусе. [43] [44] [45] Жалоба также привела к проведению дополнительных федеральных расследований в Университете Висконсина , Северо-Западном университете , а офис также проводит параллельные расследования в Университете Джонса Хопкинса , Гарвардском университете , Мичиганском университете и других. [46]
The Indiana University Bloomington campus of 1,933 acres (7.82 km2) includes abundant green space and historic buildings dating to the university's reconstruction in the late nineteenth century. The campus rests on a bed of Indiana Limestone, specifically Salem Limestone and Harrodsburg Limestone, with outcroppings of St. Louis Limestone.
The "Campus River" is a stream flowing through the center of campus. A section of Bloomington's Clear Creek,[47] it was formerly named the "Jordan River" after David Starr Jordan, Darwinist, ichthyologist, president of IU, and later, of Stanford University.[48] The name was changed, along with several campus buildings, in 2020 by the IU trustees due to Jordan's support of eugenics becoming widely known.[49]
Bloomington was ranked 5th best city for educated millennials by Business Insider.[50] College Ranker listed Bloomington as #6 Best College Town to Live in Forever.[51]
Many of the campus's buildings, especially the older central buildings, are made from Indiana Limestone quarried locally. The Works Progress Administration built much of the campus's core during the Great Depression. Many of the campus's buildings were built and most of its land acquired during the 1950s and 1960s when first soldiers attending under the GI Bill and then the baby boom swelled the university's enrollment from 5,403 in 1940 to 30,368 in 1970. Some buildings on campus underwent similar expansion. As additions were constructed by building onto the outside of existing buildings, exterior surfaces were incorporated into their new interiors, making this expansion visible in the affected buildings' architecture. The Chemistry and Biology buildings serve as examples, where two of the interior walls of the latter's library were clearly constructed as limestone exteriors. The Bryan House is the traditional on-campus home of the university president.
Nine of the oldest buildings are included in a national historic district known as The Old Crescent. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.[52] They are the Collegiate Gothic style Student Service Building (1906–1908); Indiana University Museum (1905); Richardsonian Romanesque style Maxwell Building (1890, 1907–1908); Owen Hall (1885); Wylie Hall (1885); Kirkwood Hall (1895); Lindley Hall (1903); Gothic Revival style Rose Well House (1908); and Kirkwood Observatory (1900).[53]
The Sample Gates serve as the entryway to Indiana University's campus and The Old Crescent. It is positioned between Franklin Hall and Bryan Hall.[54] After several failed attempts to create an arched entrance to campus, in 1987, Edson Sample provided funding to build the archway based on the 1961 design proposed by Eggers & Higgins.[55]
The Indiana University Cinema opened in January 2011 in the former University Theatre building, which was built in the 1930s.
The Bloomington campus also has a biology research greenhouse in the Biology Building that is open to the public, one of the highlights of which is a corpse flower (Amorphophallus titanum) named Wally.[56][57] Also on campus, the Kirkwood Observatory is open to the public one day a week.
The 1979 movie Breaking Away was filmed on location in Bloomington and the IU campus. It also featured a reenactment of the annual Little 500 bicycle race. The IU campus also has trails that many utilize for biking and running. The trails in Bloomington and nearby areas total nearly 1,200 miles (1,900 km).
The over 500,000-square-foot (46,000 m2) Indiana Memorial Union (IMU) is the second-largest student union in the world. In addition to stores and restaurants, it features an eight-story student activities tower (home to the Indiana University Student Association, Indiana Memorial Union Board, and a variety of other student organizations), a 189-room hotel, a 400-seat theatre, a 5,000-square-foot (460 m2) Alumni Hall, 50,000 square feet (4,600 m2) of meeting space, and a bowling alley. The IMU houses an outstanding collection of Indiana art including artists from Brown County, the Hoosier Group, Richmond Group and others. This collection is the largest public collection of art outside of a museum.
Indiana University's athletic facilities are located on campus and are grouped in between East 17th Street, Dunn Street and the IN-45/IN-46 bypass. In the 17,000-seat Assembly Hall (home to the IU NCAA basketball team), there are five NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship banners on display. Cook Hall, Memorial Stadium, Mellencamp Pavilion, the Gladstein Fieldhouse, the IU Tennis Center, the Billy Hayes Track and Bill Armstrong Stadium are all also located within the complex.
Indiana University Auditorium (IU Auditorium), is a 3,200 seat performing arts venue located at Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana.[58][59] It is situated in IU's Fine Arts Plaza alongside the Lilly Library and the Eskenazi School of Art, Architecture + Design.[60]
Construction on IU Auditorium began in 1939 as a part of the Federal Works Agency Projects.[61] IU Auditorium officially opened its doors March 22, 1941.[62]
IU Auditorium's Hall of Murals is the home of the Indiana Murals, created by American artist Thomas Hart Benton. 16 of the 22 total panels created are housed at the auditorium.[63]
Today, IU Auditorium presents Broadway touring acts, popular musical artists, comedians, classical musicians and more.[64]
The Chemistry Department has had a history at Indiana University since the early days of the institution. Chemistry courses were first added to the curriculum in 1829 by Andrew Wylie, IU president at the time (1829–1851).[65] The first degrees in chemistry were awarded in 1890. The graduate school at Indiana University was not formally established until 1904 but not soon after, a plan for graduate work in chemistry was underway. However, the first PhD in chemistry was not granted until 1921.[66] In 1931, the construction of a new facility explicitly for chemistry began which led to major growth within the department. Some of the department's most acclaimed and prolific faculty came to the university during this time. [according to whom?] A major staple to the department is the famous Sweetheart tree [67] that has stood outside the Chemistry Building since it was built in 1931. Even when a major addition to the building was made in the 1980s, architects decided to preserve the beloved tree and build around it. In the spring of 2018 the university announced the famous sweetheart tree was dying, and removal was scheduled to begin on April 11.
The Indiana University Bloomington Library System supports over twenty libraries and provides access to more than 9.9 million books, 800 databases, 60,000 electronic journal titles, and 815,000 ebooks.[68] The system is the 14th largest library in North America by volumes held.[69]
IU's Herman B Wells Library holds more than 4.6 million volumes.[70] Before a ceremony in June 2005, when it was renamed for IU's former president and chancellor, this building was simply called the Main Library.[71] The architectural firm Eggers & Higgins designed the largely windowless, limestone paneled library, whose construction began in 1966 and was completed in 1969.[72] The building contains eleven floors in the East Tower (research collection) and five floors in the West Tower (the undergraduate core collection). In 2014 the first floors of both towers were renovated and reintroduced as the Learning Commons and Scholars' Commons. The library is also home to Indiana University Press and the University Graduate School. It is the former home of the Information and Library Science Department, which is now hosted by Luddy Hall.
An oft-repeated urban legend holds that the library is sinking because when it was built, engineers failed to take into account the weight of all the books that would occupy the building. An article in the Indiana Daily Student newspaper debunks this myth, stating, among other things, that the building rests on a 94 ft (28.6 m) thick limestone bedrock.[73]
In addition to IU's main library, the Bloomington Libraries support more than twenty additional libraries:[74]
The Black Film Center/Archive (BFC/A), located at Indiana University, was "established in 1981 as a repository of films and related materials by and about African Americans."[75] Professor Phyllis R. Klotman founded the repository when it became apparent that rare and valuable films created by and about African Americans were being lost due to lack of preservation and inadequate resources.[76]
The BFC/A has an extensive collection that includes films on various physical media, posters of numerous sizes for films distributed throughout the world, photographs and film stills, and manuscripts of filmmakers and scholars. Although the materials are not available for circulation or distribution, the archive has rooms for viewing films and utilizing materials.
The Indiana University Libraries Moving Image Archive (IULMIA) is one of the largest repositories for educational film and video in the United States.[77][non-primary source needed] Founded in 2009, IULMIA contains over 100,000 items spanning over 80 years of audiovisual history.[78][79] Highlights of its holdings include a collection of over 200 film cameras and projectors, more than 80,000 commercials from the Clio Awards, and approximately 50,000 educational films that Indiana University circulated to classrooms nationwide during the 20th century.[79][80][81]
In 2012, the Moving Image Archive was accepted as a member of the International Federation of Film Archives.[82]
The Lilly Library is one of the largest rare book and manuscript libraries in the United States. [non-primary source needed] Founded in 1960 with the collection of Josiah K. Lilly Jr., of Eli Lilly and Company in Indianapolis, the library now contains approximately 400,000 rare books, 6.5 million manuscripts, and 100,000 pieces of sheet music.[83] The library's holdings are particularly strong in British and American history and literature, religious texts, Latin Americana, medicine and science, food and drink, children's literature, fine printing and binding, popular music, medieval and Renaissance manuscripts, and early printing. Notable items in the library's collections include the New Testament of the Gutenberg Bible, a first edition copy of the Book of Mormon, the first printed collection of Shakespeare's works, a pair of the Spock's ears worn by Leonard Nimoy in Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country, Audubon's Birds of America, one of 25 extant copies of the "First Printing of the Declaration of Independence" (also known as the "Dunlap Broadside") that was printed in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776, George Washington's letter accepting the presidency of the United States, Abraham Lincoln's desk from his law office, a leaf from the famous, Abraham Lincoln "Sum Book" c. 1824–1826, Lord Chesterfield's letters to his son, the manuscripts of Robert Burns's "Auld Lang Syne", the Boxer Codex, annotated production scripts for Star Trek, J. M. Synge's The Playboy of the Western World, and J. M. Barrie's Peter Pan, and typescripts of many of Ian Fleming's James Bond novels. The library also owns the papers of Hollywood directors Orson Welles and John Ford, the poets Sylvia Plath and Ezra Pound, and authors Edith Wharton, Max Eastman and Upton Sinclair. The library is also home to four Academy Awards, donated by alumni. In 2006, the library received a collection of 30,000 mechanical puzzles from Jerry Slocum. The collection will be on permanent display. Special permission is not required to use the collections, and the library has several exhibition galleries that are open to the public.
Within the Lilly Library is the Ruth E. Adomeit collection of miniature books, one of the world's largest.[84] Among the collection are rare miniature books such as "From Morn Till Eve", a miniature book that presents biblical quotations in a devotional form, with one phrase for each morning and evening of a month. The Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) had listed that, "the only known copy as being in the collection of famed miniature book collector Ruth E. Adomeit",[85] which is now in the Lilly Library.
IU's first Fine Arts Library was established in the late 1930s as part of the Departmental office on the second floor, east wing of the University Library which was then in Franklin Hall. In 1941, two important events occurred: art historian Henry Radford Hope became chairman of the Fine Arts Department in the Fall and the Fine Arts Center was created by remodeling Mitchell Hall Annex. The Fine Arts Library moved into IU Art Museum designed by I.M. Pei in August 1981. This location was closed for renovations to the museum in spring 2017. Most fine arts materials are currently located on the 9th floor of the Herman B Wells Library with the remaining items being located towards the back of the 10th floor.[86]
The William and Gayle Cook Music Library, recognized as one of the largest academic music libraries in the world, serves the Jacobs School of Music and the Bloomington Campus of Indiana University. [non-primary source needed] It occupies a four-floor, 55,000 square-foot facility in a wing of the Bess Meshulam Simon Music Library and Recital Center, dedicated in November 1995. The collection comprises over 700,000 cataloged items on 56,733 linear feet of shelves.
The Cook Music Library holds many special collections, including audio and print collections. One notable collection contains items from Leonard Bernstein's compositional studio, including items such as clothing, furniture, recordings, books, and awards.[87]
Residence hall library programs began in the 1930s at Harvard University. By 1978, there were twenty-one institutions with residential library systems.[88] Today, Indiana University has only one of two residential library programs that still operates. Additionally, Indiana University has continued to expand its residential library system, adding the most recent branch in 2017. As of 2018[update] there were fourteen library branches: Briscoe, Campus View Apartments, Collins LLC, Eigenmann, Forest, Foster, McNutt, Read, Spruce, Teter, Union Street Center, Wells Quad, Wilkie, and Wright.[89] The libraries are open daily while classes are in session. Previously, half of the branches offered only DVDs and CDs. In 2018, the decision was made to have all library branches offer books in addition to movies and games. The libraries hire graduate students in Indiana University's Master of Library Science program to act as center supervisors, who lead a staff of seven student assistants in staffing the libraries each evening. New material is added to the libraries each week, and any student or staff member of Indiana University can check out material using their Crimson Card.
The Sidney and Lois Eskenazi Museum of Art, formerly known as the Indiana University Art Museum,[90] was established in 1941 and has occupied a building designed by the world-renowned architecture firm I.M. Pei and Partners since 1982. The museum houses a collection of over 40,000 objects and includes works by Claude Monet, Marcel Duchamp, Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, and Jackson Pollock. The museum has particular strengths in the art of Africa, Oceania, the Americas, Ancient Greece and Rome, and European Modernism. It also holds a substantial collection of works on paper (prints, drawings, and photographs). The museum routinely has been ranked among the best university art museums in the United States.[91]
The IU Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology (formerly the Mathers Museum of World Cultures and the Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology) consist of an estimated 5 million archaeological artifacts, 30,000 ethnographic objects, 20,000 photographs, and supporting library and archive. The collections represent cultures from each of the world's inhabited continents. These materials have been collected and curated to serve the museum's primary mission as a teaching museum within a university setting. The ethnology collections' strengths include traditional musical instruments, photographs of Native Americans and the Bloomington community, Inupiaq and Yupik Eskimo materials, and Pawnee material culture, among others. The archaeology collections piece together the material remains of cultures from the earliest occupations of North American through to the modern period.
The Grunwald Gallery of Art, a contemporary art museum hosted by the university.[92] The gallery was established in 1983 as the School of Fina Arts Gallery (SoFA Gallery) in what was formerly University's art museum space when that museum relocated to a new building.[93] The museum exhibits experimental works by emerging and established artists as well as works by faculty and students within the Department of Studio Art. It is located at 1201 East 7th Street. It was named in honor of Indiana University alumnus John A. Grunwald in 2011.[94] He was born in Hungary in 1935, survived the Holocaust, emigrated to the United States in 1950, and graduated with a degree in economics in 1956 from Indiana University where he met his wife Rita.[92] In 2017, the art museum hosted an exhibition on the history of tattoo artistry in Indiana.[95]
The Indiana Memorial Union, in addition to hosting many events, holds the largest public collection of art outside a museum. The artwork within the building ranges from priceless sculptures to paintings.
The 2022 annual ranking of U.S. News & World Report categorizes Indiana University Bloomington as "more selective."[97] For the class of 2025 (enrolled fall 2021), Indiana received 46,548 applications and accepted 39,543 (85.0%). Of those accepted, 9,482 enrolled, a yield rate (the percentage of accepted students who choose to attend the university) of 24.0%.[96] Indiana's freshman retention rate is 90.3%, with 80.9% going on to graduate within six years.[96]
Of the 39% of the incoming freshman class who submitted SAT scores; the middle 50 percent Composite scores were 1170-1370.[96] Of the 23% of enrolled freshmen in 2021 who submitted ACT scores; the middle 50 percent Composite score was between 26 and 32.[96]
Indiana University Bloomington is a college-sponsor of the National Merit Scholarship Program and sponsored 56 Merit Scholarship awards in 2020. In the 2020–2021 academic year, 68 freshman students were National Merit Scholars.[98]
Indiana University is one of 62 members of the Association of American Universities, an organization of leading North American research universities. It has been called a Public Ivy university.[114]
As of 2022, IU Bloomington's Masters in Public Affairs program is ranked No. 1 in the nation by U.S. News.[115] IU is also ranked No. 1 in Environmental Policy and Management, Nonprofit Management, and Public Finance and Budgeting.[116] The Kelley School of Business at IU, known for being a top-tier business school, was ranked in 2016 as the #1 public undergraduate business program by Bloomberg Businessweek.[117]
The Academic Ranking of World Universities ranked IU Bloomington 101–150 in the world and 49–60 nationally in 2017. Additionally, it ranked Indiana University-Bloomington 16th in the world for Business Administration, 7th in the world for Communication, 5th in the world for Public Administration, and 2nd in the world for Library and Information Science. U.S. News ranks IU 26th out of the top public universities in the United States.[118] Forbes ranks IU 20th out of Public Universities.[119]
The Office of the Provost oversees the academic programs, research, and policies of 16 schools on the Indiana University Bloomington campus. Together, these units offer more than 550 individual degree programs and majors.[120]
The College of Arts and Sciences is the largest of the university's academic divisions and home to more than 40 percent of its undergraduates. Also, the college offers many electives and general education courses for students enrolled in most other schools on campus. There are more than 50 academic departments in the college, encompassing a broad range of disciplines from the traditional (such as anthropology, art, biology, chemistry, classics, English, history, mathematics, philosophy, physics, political science, and psychology) to more modern and specialized areas, including Jewish studies, comparative literature, history and philosophy of science, and international studies. Through the college, IU also offers instruction in over 50 foreign languages, one of the largest language study offerings at any American university. IU is the only university in the nation that offers a degree in Hungarian (although it was done through the Individualized Major Program) and is the first university in the United States to offer a doctorate in Gender Studies.[121] The Department of Geography has highly recognized programs in climate and environmental change, GIS, human-environment interaction, and human geography. Indiana University is also home to the nation's only degree-granting Department of Central Eurasian Studies. The university's catalog at one time boasted that a student could study any language from Akan to Zulu. The college is the parent division for fifteen individual research institutes and is the only academic division within the university to house autonomous schools (The School of Art + Design, The School of Global and International Studies, and the Media School) within it. The college is also home to the Department of Folklore and Ethnomusicology, the first formally established academic department in folklore at any United States university and the only such department to integrate these two practices into one field. IU also features a world-class cyclotron operated by the Department of Physics. The college also houses IU's Department of Theatre, Drama, and Contemporary Dance which offers a Bachelor of Arts in Theatre, a BFA in Contemporary Dance, a Master of Fine Arts in Acting, Directing, Playwriting or Design/Technology, and a BFA in Musical Theatre. In 2009, professor of political science, Elinor Ostrom became the first woman to win the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences since its inception in 1969.
The School of Art, Architecture + Design houses fourteen different areas in art, architecture, design, and merchandising.
The SGIS is an international affairs school composed of over 500 students from four academic departments and twenty-one institutes and centers. It also runs the Indiana University Summer Language Workshop (SWSEEL).
The Media School was established on July 1, 2014, bringing together the journalism, communications, and film studies programs at IU.[122] The school falls under the College of Arts and Sciences, and as of September 2023 is headed by Dean David Tolchinsky.[123] Faculty members teach in the areas of communication science, cinema and media studies, media arts and production, and journalism. The Media School offers undergraduate degrees in journalism, media, cinematic arts, and game design. Programs are customizable and contain several options for concentrations and specializations. The school also offers graduate degrees in media and media arts and sciences. A number of minors and certificates are available.
The school is primarily located in Franklin Hall. Franklin is home to many media production facilities, including game design labs, audio/video production equipment checkout, computer labs, and several studios for both visual and audio productions. The Radio-Television Building is an additional part of the school. It holds a film-cutting room, a production lab, and Studio 5, a 2,800-square-foot soundstage equipped with customizable sets and professional lighting and sound technology.
IU Bloomington placed 13th for communication in the 2022 Shanghai Global Ranking of Academic Subjects.[124]
The Media School is home to the Michael I. Arnolt Center for Investigative Journalism,[125] and the Black Film Center & Archive, Center for Documentary Research and Practice. Student media organizations include the Indiana Daily Student, the Student Cinema Guild, WIUX Pure Student Radio, IU Student Television, and the Public Relations Student Society of America.
Founded at the beginning of the 20th century by Charles Campbell, the Jacobs School of Music focuses on voice, opera, orchestral conducting, and jazz studies. It was ranked No. 1 in the country tied with Juilliard and Eastman School of Music by U.S. News & World Report in 2009.[126] U.S. News has not since published a music school ranking. The Hollywood Reporter ranked the Jacobs School of Music #4 in 2016.[127] Music School Central ranked Jacobs #1 in the nation in 2014.[128]
With more than 1,600 students, the school is one of the largest of its kind in the US and among the largest in the world. The school's facilities, including five buildings in the heart of campus, comprise recital halls, more than 170 practice rooms, choral and instrumental rehearsal rooms, and more than 100 offices and studios. Its faculty has included such notable people as Eileen Farrell, David Effron, János Starker, André Watts, Menahem Pressler, Carol Ann Weaver, Linda Strommen, Abbey Simon, Jorge Bolet, Ray Cramer, David Baker, William Bell, Harvey Phillips, Carol Vaness, Sylvia McNair, Howard Klug, violinist Joshua Bell, conductor Leonard Slatkin, and composer Sven-David Sandström. Notable alumni include Edgar Meyer and soprano Angela Brown. Many alumni have gone on to win Grammys and other music awards.[citation needed]
The Kelley School of Business (known colloquially as "Kelley" or "The B-School") was founded in 1920 as the university's School of Commerce and Finance. Approximately 6,100 students are enrolled in undergraduate, graduate Accountancy and Information Systems degrees, MBA and PhD programs, and in its online degree program, "Kelley Direct".
In its 2017 rankings, U.S. News & World Report ranked the undergraduate program tied for 9th in the nation and the MBA program tied for 21st in the U.S., with the online MBA program ranking 3rd.[129]
Business Week ranked the undergraduate program 8th in 2014 (3rd among public schools) and the graduate program 15th in the nation in 2008[130] and fourth among public schools. Also, Business Week gave the undergraduate program an A in teaching and an A+ in career services. In 2016, Business Week ranked the undergraduate program 4th in the nation, #1 among public universities.[131] The 2016 ranking for "Best Undergraduate Business Schools" by Poets & Quants ranked the Kelley School of Business 7th in the nation and 2nd among public schools.[132]
In its 2012 rankings, Poets & Quants also ranked Kelley's MBA program 5th in the nation in producing six Fortune 500 CEOs.[133] In 2017, the Economist ranked the MBA program 17th in the nation, and 22nd in the world. It was ranked 7th in terms of percentage increase from pre-MBA salary.[134]
Kelley partners with the Scotts Miracle-Gro Company to offer Bloomington Brands, a unique work-study program for undergraduates and MBA students. Participating students obtain real-world brand management experience by managing the Osmocote Plant Food brand under contract to Scotts.[135] Kelley also partners with Coca-Cola for a program called Global Business Institute that is available in the Middle East, North Africa, and Asia. This is a program that was designed to let select groups of students in participating countries learn about business from the context of American culture.[136]
The Maurer School of Law, founded in 1842, is one of the oldest schools on the Bloomington campus. It features a law library recently ranked first in the nation and is situated on the southwest corner of campus. In 2000, then-Chief Justice William Rehnquist presided over a mock trial of King Henry VIII in the school's moot courtroom. In the 2016 U.S. News & World Report rankings, the school was ranked tied for 25th in the nation among law schools.[137] Notable alumni from the School of Law include songwriter Hoagy Carmichael, and vice-chairman of the 9/11 Commission and former congressman Lee H. Hamilton. On December 4, 2008, the school of law was renamed the Michael Maurer School of Law.[138]
The School of Education, formerly a part of the College of Arts and Science, has been independent since 1923. One of the largest schools of education in the United States, it was ranked 25th in the nation by U.S. News & World Report in its 2016 rankings.[137] It offers a range of degrees in professional education: a BS in teacher education leading to a teaching license, MS., education specialist (EdS) and doctoral (EdD, PhD) degrees.
In 1999, the Indiana University School of Informatics was established as an environment for research professors and students to develop new uses for information technology to solve specific problems in areas as diverse as biology, fine arts, and economics.[139] This was the first school of Informatics established in the United States. Informatics is also interested in "how people transform technology, and how technology transforms us."[140] In 2005 the Department of Computer Science moved from the College of Arts and Sciences to the School of Informatics, prompting the school to expand its name to "School of Informatics and Computing".[141] This move merged several faculty, bringing the total core faculty to over 100. In 2015, Indiana University submitted a proposal to the Indiana Commission for Higher Education for the establishment of an Engineering program.[142] Purdue University attempted to block the proposal, but the commission shot them down, passing the proposal unanimously.[143] Following approval, in 2016 the new Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering was established as a part of the School of Informatics and Computing, and its name was again changed, this time to the "School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering," commonly referred to as SICE.[144] Shortly after, IU approved the construction of a $39.8 million new facility to house the rechristened school, named Luddy Hall, after alumnus, Fred Luddy.[145] Luddy Hall opened its doors in January 2018. Informatics also has strong ties with the Media School, Jacobs School of Music, and the Cognitive Science program.
The School is one of a handful that offers degrees in Human–Computer Interaction.[146] The School offers master's degrees in Human–Computer Interaction Design, Music Informatics, Bioinformatics, Chemical Informatics, Security Informatics, Intelligent Systems Engineering, Computer Science, and PhD degrees in Computer Science, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems Engineering. Specialization areas for the PhD in Computer Science include artificial intelligence, databases, distributed systems, formal methods, high-performance computing, programming languages, and security. The Informatics PhD program offers tracks in bioinformatics, cheminformatics, complex systems, human–computer interaction design, logic and mathematical foundations of informatics, music informatics, security informatics, and social informatics.
The School has four departments, namely, Informatics, Intelligent Systems Engineering, Computer Science, and Information and Library Science. The IU Department of Information and Library Science (ILS) was ranked by U.S. News & World Report in 2016 as the 8th best program in the nation.[137] It has also been ranked number 1 in scholarly productivity by a 2006 study published in the journal Library & Information Science Research.[147] ILS is housed on the ground floor of the Wells Library's Western Tower. In April 2012, what was formerly known as the School of Library and Information Science and IU's School of Informatics and Computing began a discussion on a possible merger of the two schools. Indiana University Board of Trustees approved the merger on October 22, 2012. In July 2013, the IU School of Informatics and School of Library and Information and Science merged into a single school: the IU School of Informatics and Computing.[148]
The O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs (or SPEA) is the largest school of its kind in the United States. Founded in 1972, SPEA is known for its distinctive interdisciplinary approach. It brings together the social, natural, behavioral, and administrative sciences in one faculty. SPEA has a sister "core" campus at Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis (or IUPUI) and an affiliate program is operated at Indiana University's Gary campus.
In their 2016 rankings, U.S. News & World Report rated SPEA ranked tied for first in the nation, with five of its programs ranked in the top 10: environmental policy and management 1st, nonprofit management and leadership 1st, public finance and budgeting 1st, public management administration 3rd, and public policy analysis 7th.[149] Similar rankings do not yet exist for graduate schools of environmental science or undergraduate schools in either public affairs or environmental science. According to the 2020 Shanghai Global Academic Ranking of Subjects, SPEA is the second most highly ranked institution in the world for public administration.[150] Also in 2020, U.S. News & World Report ranked SPEA's MPA program #1 in the country.[151]
SPEA is the headquarters of the Public Administration Review, the premier journal of public administration research, theory, and practice. SPEA is also home to the Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, the Journal of Public Budgeting and Finance and Small Business Economics.
SPEA has more than a dozen joint programs in social and natural sciences and professional fields. Popular majors include nonprofit management and leadership, public policy, public finance, and arts administration. SPEA alumni include radio and television host Tavis Smiley and former U.S. Treasury Secretary Paul O'Neill. Among SPEA's faculty was Elinor Ostrom, the first woman to receive the Nobel Prize in Economics. She was named by Time Magazine one of the 100 most influential people in the United States.
Established in 2012[152] the school and programs have grown to encompass a broad spectrum of academic interests and professional fields. The school was founded in 1946 as the School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation. It transitioned into the School of Public Health-Bloomington and was renamed in September 2012.[153][154] It was accredited by the Council on Education in Public Health in June 2015.[155]
The school has nearly 3,000 students and 24,000 living alumni, with undergraduate and advanced degree programs offered through five academic departments: Applied Health Science, Environmental Health, Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Kinesiology, and Recreation, Park, & Tourism Studies.[156] The Division of Campus Recreational Sports within the IU School of Public Health-Bloomington provides sport and fitness opportunities for the IU community and the public.[157]
The school has numerous centers, institutes, and specialized laboratories, including the Center for Sexual Health Promotion, the Indiana Prevention Resource Center, the National Center on Accessibility, the Rural Center for AIDS/STD Prevention, among others.[158]
The school's resources include more than 12,000 square feet (1,100 m2) of research and teaching laboratories, and nearly 275,000 square feet (25,500 m2) of indoor and outdoor sport and fitness facilities, including recreation centers, aquatics centers, and acreage that includes Bradford Woods.
The Indiana University School of Social Work was founded in 1911 as the Department of Social Service, thus making it the oldest professional social work education program begun and still functioning as a part of a university. In July 2007, the Indiana University Division of Labor Studies merged with the School of Social Work.[159]
The Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM) traces its roots to Bloomington, being founded there in 1903 by president William Lowe Bryan. Initially, only the first two years of medical education were offered there. Students were required to take the final two years at a separate, private medical school in Indianapolis, the State College of Physicians and Surgeons, with a doctor of medicine degree conferred by IU at the end of their education.[160] The School of Medicine's main campus moved to Indianapolis in 1908 following the resolution of a dispute with the School of Medicine of Purdue University over which school had the legal authority to establish a medical school there.[160] After this, students could complete all four years at the main campus in Indianapolis or remain in Bloomington for their first two years.[160]
The Bloomington medical school building was constructed in 1937 using funds from the WPA.[161] In 1958 the VanNuys medical science building was completed in Indianapolis, and all medical education was moved there.[162] The Bloomington medical science building was thus renamed as Myers Hall, in honor of medical school dean Burton D. Myers.[163] Not wanting it to go unused, president Herman B. Wells established a program that combined the first two years of medical education with a master's or PhD.[164] About half of the Bloomington medical school faculty moved, with the remaining half forming the Department of Anatomy and Physiology at IU Bloomington.[164]
In the early 1960s, a projected shortage of American physicians spurred some state legislators to call for the creation of a second state medical school.[164] Rather than face competition, IU proposed the creation of a statewide medical school system under its control. Medical education thus resumed at Myers Hall. IU also launched pilot programs in 1968 at Purdue and the University of Notre Dame where students would complete the first two years of medical education before transferring to Indianapolis.[164] IU's proposal was accepted by the state legislature in 1971, and by 1981 eight regional campuses of IUSM were offering at least the first year of medical education. By 1990 every regional campus was offering the first two years, and because of Bloomington's resources, it was able to admit twice the number of students as the next largest regional site.[164]
In 2002 IUSM–Bloomington traded spaces with the Indiana Molecular Biology Institute in response to both institutions' growing needs, with the school relocating to a modified space in the basement of Jordan Hall, now known simply as the Biology Building.[163][165]
Due to another call for physicians in the early 2000s, IUSM began expanding medical instruction on its regional campuses to include all four years. By 2014 the process was complete.[164]
In 2021 IUSM–Bloomington, the Bloomington campuses of the School of Nursing and the School of Social Work, and the IU Bloomington Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences moved into the newly-constructed Health Sciences Building, a part of the Regional Academic Health Center (the RAHC, pronounced "rack").[164] The RAHC also houses IU Health Bloomington Hospital. The RAHC is located northeast of campus, at the corner of East Discovery Parkway and State Road 45.
The Indiana University Training School for Nurses was established in Indianapolis in 1914 in conjunction with the establishment of the Robert W. Long Hospital and in association with the IU School of Medicine to offer training leading to a nursing diploma. It was renamed the IU School of Nursing in 1956.[166]In the 1930s a Division of Nursing Education under the IU School of Education was created on the Bloomington campus to offer additional training to nursing students seeking BS; an MS degree program was added in 1945.[167] Today, the School of Nursing is located at several of the IU campuses, with Indianapolis and Bloomington being the main locations. As of 2017[update] its degree programs include a four-year Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) degree, a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) degree, and two doctoral degrees: Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) and Doctor of Philosophy in nursing (PhD).[168]
The National League for Nursing has recognized the School as a Center of Excellence in two categories simultaneously for creating environments that: Promote the Pedagogical Expertise of Faculty and Creating Environments (effective 2006–22) and Advance the Science of Nursing Education (effective 2012–21).[169] The IU School of Nursing ranks eighth among public universities who receive funding from the National Institutes of Health. Almost forty percent of the baccalaureate-prepared professional nurses in Indiana graduate from the IU School of Nursing each year.[citation needed] In 2017 the U.S. News & World Report ranked the IU School of Nursing twenty-eighth for its master's degree program and twenty-third for its Doctor of Nursing Practice degree among U.S. colleges and universities; its online graduate program ranked thirty-ninth.[170]
The Indiana University School of Optometry was founded in 1951. The school became a degree-granting institution of its own in 1975. Located at the southwest border of campus the Doctor of Optometry (OD) program admits on average 70–80 students per year.
The school operates a 22,000-square-foot (2,000 m2) community eye care clinic in Bloomington and a clinic in Indianapolis. In addition to providing optometric education, the facility also houses the Borish Center for Ophthalmic Research, officially dedicated in October 1995. The Borish Center provides opportunities for undergraduate, professional, and graduate students to participate directly in vision research.
In 2007–08, the Graduate and Professional Student Organization partnered with the Graduate to create the Emissaries for Graduate Student Diversity. Emissaries work either towards outreach and enrollment or retention and community building. Outreach and enrollment emissaries inform prospective students about opportunities at IU. They also help them navigate the admissions process. The retention and community building Emissaries act as mentors for current students.[171] The Graduate School has a separate student government (Graduate and Professional Student Government, or GPSG). They collaborate with faculty to help improve the quality of services offered to graduate students attending Indiana University.[172]
IU's intercollegiate athletics program has a long tradition in several key sports. From its beginnings with baseball in 1867, the Hoosier athletic program has grown to include over 600 male and female student-athletes on 24 varsity teams boasting one of the nation's best overall records. Sports sponsored by the university include football, men's basketball, women's basketball, cross country and track, softball, baseball, golf, tennis, rowing, volleyball, swimming and diving, and wrestling.
The Hoosiers became a member of the Big Ten Conference on December 1, 1899. The school's national affiliation is with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). National team titles (now totaling 26; 25 NCAA, 1 AIAW) have been won in nine men's sports and one women's sport (tennis), topped by a record-setting six straight men's swimming & diving titles, eight men's soccer crowns and five titles in men's basketball. Indiana University's men's basketball team is one of the most decorated programs in the nation, having won five national championships. Indiana student-athletes have won 133 NCAA individual titles, including 79 in men's swimming and diving and 31 in men's track and field. Also, IU teams have won or shared 157 Big Ten Conference championships.
The IU athletics endowment is $42 million, the largest in the Big Ten.[173] The Varsity Club, which is the fundraising arm of the Athletics Department, drew a record $11.5 million in gifts and pledges in fiscal year 2004–05. Also, overall annual giving has increased by 8.3 percent in the last year and 44.8 percent in the last three years.
In addition to its tradition in intervarsity sports, IU also has many non-varsity sports. Hurling has also become more popular, with the Indiana University Hurling Club becoming the first American national champions in history.[174]
A large percentage of the IU student body regularly participates in both formal and/or informal intramural sports, including football, soccer, tennis, basketball, and golf. [citation needed]
Media outlets of Indiana University include:
With over 1,823 full-time faculty members, Indiana University leads the Big Ten public universities in the number of endowed faculty positions, with 333 chairs, professorships, and curators. IUB also reported in fall 2004 that it employed 334 part-time faculty, totaling 1,877 full-time equivalents. Of the full-time faculty, 76% were tenured. Like the student body, IUB's faculty is predominantly white. Of full-time administrators, faculty, and lecturers, 118 (6%) were Asian, 74 (4%) were African-American, 62 (4%) were Hispanic, 5 (0.3%) were Native American, and 1,535 (85%) were "other." More men (62%) than women held academic appointments at the university.
Notable current faculty include cognitive scientist Douglas Hofstadter, violinist Joshua Bell, and pianist André Watts. Notable past Indiana faculty and alumni include Hermann Joseph Muller, pioneering radiation geneticist and winner of the 1946 Nobel Prize; James Watson, co-discoverer of the double helical structure of DNA and sharer of the 1962 Nobel Prize; Salvador Luria, molecular biologist and co-winner of the 1969 Nobel Prize; Jimmy Wales, the co-founder of Wikipedia; Robert Gates, the 22nd United States Secretary of Defense; former CEO of Disney, Bob Chapek; Jeri Taylor, screenwriter and co-creator of Star Trek: Voyager; award-winning author Suzanne Collins, who wrote The Hunger Games series; composer and songwriter Hoagy Carmichael; John Chambers, former CEO of Cisco Systems; Indian actor Ranveer Singh; mathematician Max August Zorn; sexologist Alfred Kinsey; poet Yusef Komunyakaa; and billionaire investor Mark Cuban.[177]
IU Bloomington's Von Lee Theatre building is LEED Certified.[178] The "More Art, Less Trash" recycling initiative included a design contest for recycling bin artwork and promotes both recycling and outdoor art.[179] The university employs a group of student sustainability interns each summer,[180] and students can get involved in campus and community-based sustainability initiatives through the Volunteers in Sustainability coordination group[181] or the Student Sustainability Council.[182] IU launched its Environmental Resiliency Institute in 2017 to enable more efficient collaboration between the university, local communities, and businesses on greenhouse gas reduction and sustainability projects. Cities that have participated in the program include Bloomington, Fort Wayne, Gary, West Lafayette, and Zionsville among others.[183]
A campus bus system operates several routes on a regular schedule around the IUB campus throughout the semesters. In December 2014, a shuttle service ("Campus Connection") has been introduced between the IUB and the IUPUI campus as well.[184] In March 2020 this Campus Commute service was discontinued.[185] The campus buses are free to all IU affiliates and are handicap accessible. IU students and employees also gain free access to Bloomington transit buses around the city.[186]
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