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Австралийские стили нежилой архитектуры

Австралийские стили нежилой архитектуры — это набор австралийских архитектурных стилей , которые применяются к зданиям, используемым не в качестве жилья, и появились только со времени появления первых колониальных правительственных зданий раннего европейского заселения Австралии в 1788 году.

Их распространение тесно связано с возникновением и развитием различных колоний Австралии, поскольку самые ранние колониальные постройки можно найти в Новом Южном Уэльсе и Тасмании .

Представленные ниже классификации взяты из ведущего австралийского текста. [1]

Старый колониальный период (1788–в. 1840)

Старый колониальный георгианский

Старое колониальное регентство

Ранняя колониальная классика

Ранняя колониальная готика Живописный

Викторианский период (в. 1840–в. 1890)

Викторианский период, в целом связанный с правлением королевы Виктории , охватывает период с 1840  по 1890  год и включает в себя пятнадцать стилей, все из которых начинаются со слова «викторианец», а именно (в свободном хронологическом порядке): георгианский, регентский, египетский, академический классический, свободный классический, филигранный, маньеризм, Вторая империя, итальянский, романский, византийский, академическая готика, свободная готика, тюдоровский, деревенская готика и плотницкая готика.

Викторианский Георгианский

Расширение и продолжение старого колониального георгианского стиля в викторианскую эпоху. [17] Дома в георгианском стиле, построенные до 1840 года, характеризуются как старый колониальный георгианский, в то время как здания между 1840 и 1890 годами характеризуются как викторианский георгианский. Оба стиля по сути одинаковы, характеризуются симметричными фасадами, простыми прямоугольными и призматическими формами и упорядоченностью. Шести- и восьмистворчатые окна были обычным явлением. [17]

Викторианское Регентство

Как и в случае с викторианской георгианской архитектурой, стиль викторианского регентства был продолжением стиля старого колониального регентства в викторианскую эпоху (ок. 1840 – ок. 1890). [18] Более элегантная и утонченная форма георгианского стиля.

викторианский египтянин

Викторианская академическая классика

Викторианская Бесплатная Классика

Викторианская филигрань

Викторианский маньеризм

Известные примеры в Австралии включают: Culwulla Chambers (Сидней); Old Police Station, The Rocks Block Arcade (Мельбурн); Stalbridge Chambers (Мельбурн), National Bank Pall Mall (Бендиго); RESI Chambers (Мельбурн); Lygon Buildings, Medley Hall (Карлтон, Виктория); Бывшее почтовое отделение денежных переводов и сберегательный банк (Мельбурн); Mutual Store (Мельбурн);

Викторианская Вторая Империя

Известные примеры включают: Sydney Town Hall (Сидней); Hotel Windsor (Мельбурн); Princess Theatre (Мельбурн); Бывшее бюро записей (Мельбурн); Melbourne General Post Office (Мельбурн); Melbourne Town Hall (Мельбурн); East Melbourne Synagogue (East Melbourne, Victoria); Royal Exhibition Building (Карлтон, Виктория); Collingwood Town Hall (Коллингвуд, Виктория); South Melbourne Town Hall (South Melbourne, Виктория); Malvern Town Hall (Малверн, Виктория); Бывший Rechabite Hall (Прахран, Виктория); Brunswick Town Hall (Брансуик, Виктория); Camberwell Town Hall (Кембервелл, Виктория); Bendigo Town Hall (Бендиго, Виктория); Shamrock Hotel (Бендиго, Виктория); Bendigo Courthouse (Бендиго, Виктория); Bendigo Post Office (Бендиго, Виктория); Institute of Technology (Бендиго, Виктория); Queensland Parliament House (Брисбен)

викторианский итальянский

Викторианский романский стиль

Возрождение викторианского ренессанса

Викторианский византийский

Викторианская академическая готика

Викторианская свободная готика

Викторианская Тюдоровская (Якобетанская)

Викторианская деревенская готика

Викторианская плотницкая готика

Эдвардианский период (в. 1890-е годы–1910)

Эдвардианская архитектура, как правило, менее богато украшена, чем архитектура высокой или поздней викторианской эпохи , [47] за исключением подвида, используемого для крупных зданий, известного как архитектура эдвардианского барокко .

Эдвардианское барокко

Известными примерами являются здание Управления земельными ресурсами в Брисбене , госпиталь королевы Виктории в Мельбурне (главный павильон, ныне Женский центр королевы Виктории), Офисы Содружества, Казначейство в Мельбурне , здание Департамента образования в Сиднее (1912) [48] и Главный почтамт в Хобарте .

Federation period (c. 1890–c. 1915)

12 styles, each style name prefaced by "Federation":

Academic Classical, Free Classical, Filigree, Anglo-Dutch, Romanesque, Gothic, Carpenter Gothic, Warehouse, Queen Anne, Free Style, Arts and Crafts, Bungalow

Federation Academic Classical

Federation Free Classical

Notable examples include: Sydney Hospital (Sydney), Taronga Zoo Pavilion (Sydney), the main terminus building of the Central railway station in Sydney,[49] Flinders Street station (Melbourne), Sacred Heart Church (St Kilda, Victoria), Read's Emporium (Prahran, Victoria), Old Royal Hotel (Williamstown, Victoria), the former Queensland Lands Administration Building (Brisbane).

Federation Second Empire

Federation Filigree

Federation Anglo-Dutch

Federation Romanesque

Federation Gothic

Federation Carpenter Gothic

Federation Warehouse

Federation Queen Anne

Federation Free Style

Federation Arts and Crafts

Federation Bungalow

Inter-War period (c. 1915–c. 1940)

16 styles, each style name prefaced by "Inter-War":

Georgian Revival, Academic Classical, Free Classical, Beaux-Arts, Stripped Classical, Commercial Palazzo, Mediterranean, Spanish Mission, Chicagoesque, Functionalist & Modern, Art-Deco, Skyscraper Gothic, Romanesque, Interwar Gothic, Old English, California Bungalow

Inter-war Georgian Revival

Inter-war Academic Classical

Inter-war Free Classical

Inter-war Beaux Arts

Inter-war Stripped Classical

Inter-war Commercial Palazzo

Inter-war Mediterranean

Inter-War Spanish Mission

Inter-war Art Deco

Skyscraper Gothic

Inter-war Chicagoesque

Interwar Gothic

Inter-war Old English (20th Century Tudorbethan)

The functionalist and moderne style often used combinations of blonde and brown bricks in linear vertical or horizontal patterns. Notable examples include: Museum of Contemporary Art (Sydney); Captain's Flat Hotel (NSW); Russell Street Police Headquarters (Melbourne); Astor Theatre (St Kilda, Victoria); Ballarat Law Courts (Ballarat);

Post-War Period (c. 1940–1960)

5 styles, each style name prefaced by "Post-War":

Ecclesiastical, International, Modern

Ecclesiastical

International Style


Modern

Late Twentieth-Century Period 1960–2000

14 styles, each style name prefaced by "Late Twentieth Century":

Stripped Classical, Ecclesiastical, International, Organic, Brutalist, Structuralist, Late Modern, Post Modern, Immigrants' Nostalgic

Stripped Classical

International

Organic

Brutalist

Notable examples include: Sydney Masonic Centre/Civic Tower (Sydney); Suncorp Place (Sydney); Sydney Law School (Sydney); Cameron Offices (Canberra); High Court of Australia (Canberra); State Library of Queensland (Brisbane); Queensland Performing Arts Centre (Brisbane); Law Courts (Brisbane); Suncorp Plaza (Brisbane); National Gallery of Victoria (Melbourne); Total carpark (Melbourne); WTC Wharf; Harold Holt Memorial Swimming Centre (Malvern, Victoria); St Kilda Public Library (St Kilda, Victoria); Plumbing Trades Employees Union of Australia Building (Melbourne); University of Melbourne Faculty of Engineering (Melbourne); Metropolitan Fire Brigade (East Melbourne, Victoria); R.A.W. Woodgate Centre (Kew, Victoria); Olivetti Building (Sydney); UTS Tower (University of Technology, Sydney); St Anthony's Church (Marsfield, Sydney). See Category:Brutalist architecture in Australia.

Structuralist

Late Modern

Post Modern

A subset of postmodernism is mock-historicism tries to imitate historic styles using modern materials to the point where it is difficult to tell them apart from historic buildings. The most imitated styles are those that are easiest to clone (including the Georgian style).

Deconstructivist

Notable examples include Green Building RMIT; Deakin University main building; Australian Centre for Contemporary Art; Gottlieb House (Melbourne)

Immigrant's Nostalgic

21st-century architecture

Several new and continued 20th-century styles, all prefaced with "21st-century" - Deconstructivist, Post modern, Structuralist, Sustainable, Modern

Deconstructivist

Notable examples include Federation Square; Shrine of Remembrance crypt; Sofo House (Melbourne) Swan Bells (Perth)

Post Modern

Structuralist

Advanced structuralism facilitated by Computer Aided Design

Sustainable

Notable examples in Australia include: 60L (Melbourne); CH2 (Melbourne); K2 Apartments (Windsor, Victoria); Dunc Gray Velodrome (Sydney); Forest EcoCentre (Tasmania); Rozak House (Noonamah, Northern Territory).

Green building

Modern

See also

References

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Bibliography

Внешние ссылки