October 30, 1972: Liberals win 109 seats, Progressive Conservatives 107 in Canadian election for House of Commons
October 16, 1972: U.S. Congressmen Hale Boggs and Nick Begich disappear in Alaskan plane crash
October 28, 1972: Airbus A300 makes its first flight [1]
The following events occurred in October 1972:
October 1, 1972 (Sunday)
Publication of the first reports of the production of a recombinant DNA molecule marked the birth of modern molecular biology methodology.[2]
Singapore Airlines (SIA), with 10 aircraft, and Malaysia Airlines, were created with the breakup of Malaysia Singapore Airlines. SIA now serves 80 cities in 40 nations around the world.[3]
At about 1:00 a.m. local time, off of the coast of South Vietnam, an explosion on board the USS Newport News killed 19 sailors and injured ten others.[4]
Florida's new death penalty statute, the first to be passed in the United States since the U.S. Supreme Court decision that declared all existing capital punishment laws unconstitutional, went into effect.[5]
The Oregon Minimum Deposit Law took effect, as Oregon became the first state to require a deposit on all beverage containers, including cans.[6]
Voters in Denmark approved the Treaty of Accession in a referendum, with 63.5% voting in favor of joining the European Economic Community, known as the "Common Market". One week earlier, voters in neighboring Norway had rejected the treaty.[8]
An Aeroflot Il-18 airliner crashed at Sochi, in the Soviet Union, killing all 109 people on board.
The Indian State of Rajasthan launched the Antyodaya Programme, which would identify the five poorest families in each of the state's villages, and then provide government assistance for one year in the form of allotting land for cultivation, bank loans, assistance in finding employment, or a pension. The experiment was less successful in the states of Uttar Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh.[9]
October 3, 1972 (Tuesday)
The Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty went into effect following ratification by both the United States and the Soviet Union, as did the Interim Agreement on Offensive Forces.[10]
The abbreviation "Ms." was used for the first time in the Congressional Record, in reference to U.S. Representative Bella Abzug. The other eleven women in Congress, however, continued to be referred to as "Mrs."[12]
The first ABC Afterschool Special was telecast. The anthology drama series for children, shown once a month on a Wednesday afternoon, addressed contemporary issues and ran until 1997.[13]
Peter Bridge, a reporter for the defunct Newark Evening News went to jail for contempt of court for not revealing his source for a statement that the Newark Housing Authority had been offered a bribe. Bridge was the first journalist to be incarcerated after a June 29 U.S. Supreme Court ruling held that newsmen could not withhold confidential information from a grand jury investigation.[14] Bridge would be released on October 24 after three weeks in the Essex County Jail, after a grand jury declined to return an indictment against anyone in the housing authority.[15]
October 5, 1972 (Thursday)
In New York, the General Agreement on Participation was signed between the governments of oil exporters Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates on one side, and representatives of the petroleum producing corporations Exxon, Chevron, Texaco and Mobil. In return for a total of $500,000,000 a 25% interest in the Arab-American Company, Aramco, was sold by the oil companies to the four OPEC nations, with an objective of the national oil companies of each country acquiring a 51% ownership by 1983.[16]
In the first exhibition basketball game between the New York franchises of the rival NBA and ABA, the NBA's New York Knicks defeated the ABA's New York Nets, 117 to 88, at New Haven, Connecticut. The next night, the Knicks came to the Nets home court on Long Island and won again, 100 to 91. Both the Knicks and the Nets had been the runners-up in their respective leagues.[17]
A train crash near Saltillo in Mexico killed 208 people and injured more than 700. The train, carrying more than 1,500 religious pilgrims, derailed near the bridge over the Moreno River. An engineer and four crewmen who survived were found to have been intoxicated, and were charged with homicide.[18]
Died:Solomon Lefschetz, 88, American mathematician who made major contributions to algebraic geometry, topology and differential equations.
October 7, 1972 (Saturday)
The National Hockey League's two expansion teams, the New York Islanders and the Atlanta Flames, played against each other for their first game to open the 1972-73 NHL season. Playing at the Nassau Coliseum before 12,221 the Flames won 3–2. Morris Stefaniw and Ed Westfall scored the first goals for the Flames and Islanders, respectively.[20] The Islanders, who played on at Uniondale, New York, on Long Island, would finish their first season as the NHL's worst team, with a record of 12–60–6, but would later win the Stanley Cup four years in a row (from 1981 to 1984). The Flames, named for the burning of Atlanta during the American Civil War, would move to Calgary in 1980 and win the Stanley Cup in 1989.
October 8, 1972 (Sunday)
At the Paris Peace Talks, North Vietnam's negotiator, Lê Đức Thọ reached an agreement with Henry Kissinger of the United States on ending the Vietnam War. Demands were dropped for Nguyễn Văn Thiệu to step down as President of South Vietnam, but elections would be held there within six months, North Vietnamese troops would remain in the South, and the United States would recognize the sovereignty of North Vietnam. Kissinger envisioned signing the treaty on October 30, but Thieu's objections led to a breakdown in the agreement.[21]
In a nationally televised baseball game of the American League championship series, shortstop Bert Campaneris of the Oakland A's hurled his bat at pitcher Lerrin La Grow, after being struck by a wild pitch. "Campy" was barred from further postseason play and fined $500.[22]
Written by Gerome Ragni, who had scored a Broadway success with the musical Hair, the rock musical Dude: The Highway Life, opened at the Broadway Theatre, Dude was universally reviled by the critics and closed after 16 performances, having lost $800,000. Martin Gottfried described it as "incoherent, childish, and boring".[23]
Born:Etan Patz, American boy whose disappearance in 1979 remained a mystery for more than 30 years, in New York. In 2012, a man who had lived in the neighborhood would confess to the crime, although there was no physical evidence to corroborate his statement.[24]
With the headline "FBI Finds Nixon Aides Sabotaged Democrats", the Washington Post carried Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward's revelation that the Watergate break-in was not an isolated incident, but part of a campaign by the White House. "The activities, according to information in FBI and Department of Justice files, were aimed at all the major Democratic presidential contenders", the investigative reporters noted, "and—since 1971—represented a basic strategy of the Nixon re-election effort."[25]
The case of Roe v. Wade was reargued before the United States Supreme Court, after having first been argued on December 13, 1971, before seven Justices. While the initial opinion by Justice Harry Blackmun had simply found the challenged laws against abortion to be "unconstitutionally vague", the revised 1973 Blackmun opinion went further in declaring most restrictions against the right of choice to be unconstitutitional. "Had the Blackmun first drafts in the abortion cases come down as the final decisions", notes one commentator, "American life and politics might have been quite different."[28]
A brawl on board the aircraft carrier U.S.S. Kitty Hawk injured 46 people. About 100 black and white sailors fought for hours with knives, forks and chains, before the fight was broken up by a squad of U.S. Marines. Details were released six weeks afterward by the U.S. Navy. The fight began when a sailor asked for two sandwiches at the ship's mess hall and was given only one. Twenty-five men, only one of whom was white, were charged.[30] Of those, 23 African-Americans would be convicted on charges of assault or allowed to plead to lesser offenses, with charges dismissed against one black sailor and the lone white sailor being acquitted after a court-martial.[31]
The Dai Gohonzon, inscribed by the Buddhist monk Nichiren (1222–1282) was placed at a special location, 693 years after its inscription. An object of veneration among Buddhists of the Nichiren Shōshū branch of Nichiren Buddhism, the Gohonzon had been inscribed on October 12, 1279, and was placed in the specially constructed Sho Hondo at Fujinomiya, Shizuoka, Japan.[32]
Troops from Portugal invaded the West African nation of Senegal, believed to be housing the rebel group Acção Revolucionária Armada (ARA), in an action condemned by the U.N. Security Council.[33]
October 13, 1972 (Friday)
In the deadliest airline accident up to that time, a Soviet Aeroflot jet crashed on landing, killing all 174 people on board.[34]
In the only verified example of an animal being killed by a meteorite, a cow was killed on a farm near Trujillo, Venezuela.[39]
Jackie Robinson made his last public appearance, throwing out the first pitch at Game 2 of the 1972 World Series, in Cincinnati. Before a national television audience, the first African-American to break Major League Baseball's color line 25 years earlier said "I am extremely proud and pleased", "but I'm going to be tremendously more pleased and proud when I look at that third base coaching line one day and see a Black face managing the ball club." Robinson, who had accepted MLB Commissioner Bowie Kuhn's invitation in return for a pledge to recruit African American managers, died nine days later.[40]
At 8:59 a.m., a Cessna 310 took off from the airport at Anchorage, Alaska, for a 3½ hour trip to Juneau for a fundraiser. On board was Congressman Hale Boggs of Louisiana, Majority Leader of the U.S. House of Representatives and former member of the Warren Commission, as well as U.S. Representative Nick Begich of Alaska; Begich's aide, Russ Brown; and pilot Don Jonz, the owner of Pan Alaskan Airways. The men never arrived, and no trace of the plane nor its occupants was found after a massive search that ended on November 27, and their location remains unknown more than 37 years later.[41]
The British soap operaEmmerdale Farm, later simply Emmerdale, telecast its first episode.[44]
Ralph Perk, the Mayor of Cleveland, Ohio, accidentally set his hair on fire while using a welder's torch for a ribbon-cutting ceremony to open the 1972 American Society for Metals convention at the Cleveland Convention Center. The flames, caused by sparks igniting hair tonic used on him earlier in the day, were quickly put out and Mayor Perk sustained only superficial injuries, but a memorable photograph that was printed in newspapers throughout North America the next day. Perk commented afterward, "This job is more hazardous than I thought."[45]
The American Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program was approved by Congress, providing monthly social security benefits for disabled and aged persons who had not worked long enough to receive standard benefits from the Social Security Administration. The measure was a compromise, rejecting a proposal by President Nixon for a federal "Family Assistance Program" (FAP) that would have paid a minimum monthly amount to all households.[47]
In Norway, Lars Korvald formed a minority coalition government and became the new Prime Minister, even though his group of 16 ministers from his Kristelig Folkeparti (KFP or Christian People's Party), the Center Party and the Liberal Party held only 39 of the 155 seats in the unicameral parliament, the Storting.[49] Prime Minister Trygve Bratteli, whose Norske arbeiderpartei (Norwegian Labour Party) had 74 seats, had resigned on September 26, along with the rest of his government after Norwegian voters had rejected his plan for entry into the Common Market.
Died:George, Crown Prince of Serbia, 85. The eldest son of King Peter I, George had been forced to renounce his rights to the throne in favor of his younger brother, Alexander, who succeeded to the throne upon Peter's death in 1921
October 18, 1972 (Wednesday)
Both Houses of the U.S. Congress voted overwhelmingly to override President Nixon's veto of the Clean Water Act, enacting the $24.6 billion legislation into law. In the early morning, the Senate voted 52–12 for an override, and the House followed later in the day, 247–23.[53] The same day The President confided in a telephone call with Charles Colson regarding the irresponsible nature of Congress in enacting an expensive bill the country could ill afford and the implications such as tax increases that would be necessary to meet the cost.[54]
The Soviet Union agreed to pay the United States $722,000,000 over a period of 30 years as repayment for American assistance made to the Soviets during World War II under the Lend-Lease Act.[55]
October 19, 1972 (Thursday)
Kinshichi Kozuka and Hiroo Onoda, the last two members of a group of Japanese soldiers who had continued to fight the enemy since the end of the Second World War, set fire to a rice harvest on the Philippine island of Lubang, and then exchanged gunfire with local police. Kozuka was killed, leaving Onoda to fight the war alone.[56] Onoda finally surrendered his sword to his original commanding officer in 1974.[57]
With the beginning of a three-day Paris summit meeting, the leaders of the nine members of the recently enlarged European Community came together for the first time.[58]
Died:Fred Keenor, Welsh football player (b. 1894)[59]
October 20, 1972 (Friday)
The Buffalo Braves (later the Los Angeles Clippers) trailed the Boston Celtics, 103–60, at the end of three quarters, and then went on to set an NBA record, that still stands[60] for scoring in one quarter, pouring in 58 points. The Braves still lost, albeit by only 8 points after trailing by 43; Final score: Boston 126, Buffalo 118.[61]
As Rollie Fingers struck out three batters in a row in the ninth inning, the Oakland A's beat the Cincinnati Reds, 3–2, to win Game 7 of the 1972 World Series.[66]
The musical Pippin, with music and lyrics by Stephen Schwartz, directed by Bob Fosse, and based on a book by Roger O. Hirson, began its run at the Imperial Theatre on Broadway, and went on for 1,944 performances. The production was based on the life of Pepin the Hunchback (769–811), the son of Charlemagne.[69]
At Johns Hopkins University in the United States, Dr. Solomon H. Snyder and his assistant, Candace Pert, made the critical discovery that the receptors for opiates were in each brain cell, and the search began for opiate substances within the body, later called enkephalins.[70]
October 24, 1972 (Tuesday)
Anwar Sadat, President of Egypt, convened a meeting of his armed forces leaders and announced plans to prepare for a limited war with Israel. In August, Sadat had instructed his Minister of War, Field Marshal Muhammad Sadeq to prepare a war plan by October 1. As Sadat related in a memoir later, "At that meeting, I was surprised to find out that Fieldmarshal Sadeq had not reported to the Supreme Council what had ordered him to ... I saw at that meeting one of the military commanders, who was in charge of logistics, raising his hand and askwing what was the decision I was talking about." Sadeq was fired four days later. The attack on Israeli positions in the Sinai Peninsula, known as the Yom Kippur War, would eventually take place on October 6, 1973.[71]
Japan's most powerful crime boss, Yoshio Kodama, negotiated a peace agreement between leaders of the various Japanese organized crime syndicates (yakuza), bringing an end to years of bloodshed between the gangs by setting up specific territories in Tokyo and Yokohama for each group.[72]
The United States "Act for the Protection of Foreign Officials and Official Guests of the United States" (18 U.S.C. §112) was signed into law. Prior to crimes against foreign diplomats being made a federal offense, jurisdiction had been a matter of the law of the state where the act took place.[73]
Died:
Jackie Robinson, 53, American baseball player who broke the color line in 1947, of a heart attack[74]
Died:Johnny Mantz, 54, who won the first Southern 500 stock car race, but no other major races, was killed in a highway accident when he apparently fell asleep while driving to his home in Ojai, California.
October 26, 1972 (Thursday)
"We believe that peace is at hand", American presidential advisor Henry Kissinger announced to the world. Eleven days before the U.S. presidential election, said that the United States and North Vietnam had come to a basic agreement on ending the long running Vietnam War.[78] Privately, President Nixon was outraged at his advisor's unauthorized statement, which Nixon saw as an attempt to take exclusive credit as a peacemaker. Kissinger, on the other hand, noted that North Vietnam had published the text of the agreement and a response was necessary.[79] As it turned out, peace was not quite at hand and a final agreement was not signed until early 1973.
General Mathieu Kérékou staged a coup in Dahomey, overthrowing the Presidential Council that had governed the West African nation since 1970. Kérékou changed the nation's name to the People's Republic of Benin as part of a movement toward Marxism–Leninism, but later guided the nation toward democracy.[80]
Born:Hamdi Ulukaya, Turkish-Kurdish businessman and activist, founder of Chobani, in Erzincan (official birth date)
The Airbus A300, the first wide-body twin engine airliner, made its first test flight, taking off from and landing at the Toulouse–Blagnac Airport in France, and flown for 85 minutes by pilot Max Fischl and co-pilot Bernard Ziegler.[85] The popular carrier, capable of carrying up to 247 passengers, would be introduced to commercial service on May 23, 1974.[86]
North Yemen (the Yemen Arab Republic) and South Yemen (the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen) signed an agreement in Egypt to end fighting between the two nations and to eventually unite. Union would take place in 1990.[87]
Lufthansa Flight 615 was hijacked, in order to extort the release of the three surviving perpetrators of the Munich massacre. The West German authorities accepted the demands, much to the chagrin of Israel.[89]
In Houston, four fugitive bank robbers broke through airport security, killed ticket agent Stanley Hubbard, and then fought their way onto an Eastern Airlines jet, Flight 496, which they then hijacked to Cuba.[90]
US President Richard Nixon sends a communique to President Thieu of South Vietnam urging him to work with the US to achieve our mutual objectives of peace and unity for the heroic people of South Vietnam. [91]
In the closest election for the House of Commons in Canada's history, Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau's Liberal Party had 109 seats, while Robert Stanfield's Progressive Conservatives had 107. In Ontario (federal electoral district), Norman Cafik (Lib.) defeated Frank Charles McGee (PC) by a margin of only four votes (16,328 to 16,324). The New Democrats won 31 seats (two of them over the PC by margins of less than thirty votes), and the Social Credit Party (15). Trudeau was able to stay in power even without a majority.[93]
Don Rogers was signed by Crystal Palace FC, which paid Swindon Town £147,000 for his services. He would go on to play 83 games for Palace scoring 30 goals, including two in a 5–0 rout of Manchester United on December 16.
October 31, 1972 (Tuesday)
In the last major loss of American life in the Vietnam War, 22 servicemen were killed when their Chinook helicopter was shot down by a heat seeking missile.[95]
^Jackson, David A.; Symons, Robert H.; and Berg, Paul. (1972). Biochemical Method for Inserting New Genetic Information into DNA of Simian Virus 40: Circular SV40 DNA Molecules Containing Lambda Phage Genes and the Galactose Operon of Escherichia coli. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (U.S.)69(10), 2904–2909.
^"19 Killed in Blast Aboard U.S. Cruiser", Oakland Tribune, October 1, 1972, p1
^Michael Mello, Deathwork: Defending the Condemned (University of Minnesota Press, 2002) p32
^Lawrence K. Wang, Solid Waste Processing and Resource Recovery (Humana Press, 1980), p84
^Reed Business Information (8 September 1977). New Scientist. Reed Business Information. p. 573. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)
^Lee Miles, The European Union and the Nordic Countries (CRC Press, 1996), p40
^C.N. Shankar Rao, Sociology of Indian Society (RSM Press, 2004), p423
^Albert Carnesale, Living With Nuclear Weapons (Harvard University Press 1983), p94
^"Monday, October 3: Rock Birthdays". 3 October 2016.
^Marjorie B. Garber, Quotation Marks (Routledge, 2003), p112
^imdb.com
^"N.J. Reporter Won't Answer Quiz; Jailed", Chicago Tribune, October 6, 1972, p13
^"Reporter Freed from Jail After 21 Days for Contempt", Chicago Tribune, October 25, 1972, p11
^Francisco Parra, Oil Politics: A Modern History of Petroleum(I.B. Tauris, 2004), p158; Mark Weston, Prophets and Princes: Saudi Arabia from Muhammad to the Present (Wiley, 2008), p209
^"All-Time ABA vs. NBA Exhibition Game Results", RememberTheABA.com, archived on archive.org
^This Day in History; "94 Dead, 464 Hurt in Rail Wreck", Oakland Tribune, October 6, 1972, p1; Edgar A. Haine, Railroad Wrecks (Associated University Presses, 1993), p176
^article from The Age; "Teacher, Six Girls Escape After Kidnap", Oakland Tribune, October 7, 1972, p1
^"Flames Vanquish Islanders, 3–2", New York Times, October 8, 1972, pS-1
^Henry Kissinger, Years of Renewal (Simon & Schuster, 2000) p542; Andrew A. Wiest, The Vietnam War, 1956–1975 (Rosen Publishing, 2009), pp412–413
^"Campaneris Banned, Fined $500", Oakland Tribune, October 9, 1972, p1
^Elizabeth L. Wollman, The Theater Will Rock: A History of the Rock Musical, from Hair to Hedwig (University of Michigan Press, 2006), pp 78–82.
^"Etan Patz Suspect Indicted on Murder, Kidnapping Charges", by Jonathan Dienst and Shimon Prokupecz, NBCNewYork.com, November 15, 2012.
^Washington Post October 10, 1972, pA1
^"Pocket On This Day"
^The Irish Astronomical Journal. Irish Astronomical Society. 1996. p. 3.
^Bernard Schwartz, The Unpublished Opinions of the Burger Court (Oxford University Press, 1988), pp144, 148
^"Oilers Slip By Nationals", Winnipeg Free Press, October 12, 1972, p61
^"Kitty Hawk Brawl 'On For Hours'", Oakland Tribune, November 24, 1972, p1
^"Navy Closes Book on Racial 'Mutiny' Aboard Kitty Hawk", Los Angeles Times, April 11, 1973, p. I-3
^Maria Immacolata Macioti (translator R.M. Capozzi) The Buddha Within Ourselves: Blossoms of the Lotus Sutra (University Press of America, 2002), p28
^"Portugal", in An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945–1996, John E. Jessup, ed. (Greenwood Press, 1998), p598
^"Accident Database: Accident Synopsis 10131972". Archived from the original on 2012-12-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^"16 Survivors of Oct. 13 Plane Crash Found in Andes". The New York Times. 1972-12-23.
^"Cannibalism After Air Crash Reported". The New York Times. 1972-12-27.
^James Stuart Olson, ed., Historical Dictionary of the 1970s (Greenwood Press, 1999) p225
^"Last Tango in Paris", Box Office Mojo
^Steven N. Koppes, Killer Rocks From Outer Space: Asteroids, Comets, and Meteorites (Lerner Publications, 2004), pp82–83; meteorite-times.com; "Killer meteorite up for auction in New York", The Telegraph (London), October 26, 2007
^Andrew O'Toole, The Best Man Plays: Major League Baseball and the Black Athlete, 1901–2002 (McFarland, 2003), p100
^"House Majority Chief Boggs Missing in Flight Over Alaska —State's Rep. Begich Also Lost", Star-News (Pasadena, California), October 17, 1972, p1
^"Banking", in Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology, Jack Belzer, Albert G. Holzman and Allen Kent, eds. (CRC Press, 1976), p41
^Ami Pedahzur, The Israeli Secret Services and the Struggle Against Terrorism (Columbia University Press, 2009), pp40–42
^Lesley Henderson, Social Issues in Television Fiction (Edinburgh University Press, 2007), p40
^"Mayor Sports Flaming Red Hair", UPI story in Dayton (O.) Daily News, October 17, 1972, p. 1
^Ellenberger, Allan R. (2001). Celebrities in Los Angeles Cemeteries: A Directory. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company. p. 103. ISBN 9780786409839; "Mass Slated Today for Actor Leo G. Carroll". Valley News. October 19, 1972. p. 35.
^James Reichley, Conservatives in an Age of Change: the Nixon and Ford Administrations (Brookings Institution, 1981) p151
^Adrian Buzo, The Making of Modern Korea (Routledge, 2002), p130
^"New Minority Leadership Assumes Norway Reins", Salt Lake (UT) Tribune, October 18, 1972, p. 8A
^Peter Buckley (2003). The Rough Guide to Rock. Rough Guides. p. 340. ISBN 978-1-84353-105-0.
^"Hello World", St. Joseph (MO) Gazette, October 18, 1972, p. 3
^Derman, Melek (8 November 1998). "Tarkan Fransa ve Belçika'da pop listelerinde hızla yükseliyor". Milliyet. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 7 June 2013.
^"Congress Overrides Veto, OKs Pollution Control Bill", San Antonio Express, October 19, 1972, p5
^"31–124 | Miller Center". millercenter.org. 2016-12-16. Retrieved 2023-11-30.
^Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements (Vol. 2), (Taylor & Francis, 2003)
^"Japanese soldier slain 27 years after war's end", AP report in The Columbian (Vancouver, Washington), October 20, 1972, p.1
^Steve Silverman, Lindbergh's Artificial Heart: More Fascinating True Stories From Einstein's Refrigerator (Andrews McMeel Publishing, 2003), p150; "Plane Search For Hurt Japanese World War II Soldier", Sydney Morning Herald, October 24, 1972, p4
^European Navigator
^"Fred Keenor: A Welsh Soccer Hero".
^"NBA records". NBA.com. Archived from the original on 2012-05-27. Retrieved 2009-11-14.
^"Braves Score 58 in Quarter But Celts Win", Los Angeles Times, October 21, 1972, pB-7
^"Dr. Harlow Shapley Dies at 86. Dean of American Astronomers. Dr. Harlow Shapley, Dean of American Astronomers, Dies at 86". New York Times. October 21, 1972. Retrieved 2014-01-15.
^William Larousse, A Local Church Living for Dialogue: Muslim-Christian Relations in Mindanao-Sulu, Philippines, 1965–2000 (Pontificia università gregoriana, 2001) p143
^P.G.J. van Sterkenburg, Linguistics Today: Facing a Greater Challenge (John Benjamins Publishing, 2004), p67
^Marty Pieratt (25 July 2014). First Black Red: Hall of Fame Edition. AuthorHouse. p. 75. ISBN 978-1-4969-2754-5.
^"Alive: The Andres accident 1972". viven.com.uy. Archived from the original on 2008-07-23.
^John Darrell Sherwood, Afterburner: Naval Aviators and the Vietnam War (New York University Press, 2004), p282; Steeljaw Scribe
^Louis Botto, At This Theatre: 100 Years of Broadway Shows, Stories and Stars (Playbill, Inc., 2002) p165
^"Beyond Valium", by Toby Cohen, in New York Magazine (February 5, 1979), p39
^Anwar Sadat, The Public Diary of President Sadat, Vol. II (R. Israeli, ed.) (Brill, 1979), p615
^Italo Pardo, ed., Morals of Legitimacy: Between Agency and System (Berghahn, 2000), p239
^Yoram Dinstein, Israel Yearbook on Human Rights (Vol. 3, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1989) p28
^Anderson, Dave (October 25, 1972). "Jackie Robinson, First Black in Major Leagues, Dies". New York Times. Retrieved September 27, 2009.
^"Claire Windsor, actress, 74, dead". New York Times. 25 October 1972. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
^The Senate Watergate report: The Final Report (GPO, 1974), p283
^Editors of Chase's (24 September 2019). Chase's Calendar of Events 2020: The Ultimate Go-to Guide for Special Days, Weeks and Months. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 533. ISBN 978-1-64143-316-7.
^Parliament of Canada website
^"Chicago Rail Toll at 45", Milwaukee Sentinel, October 31, 1972, p1; Edgar A. Haine, Railroad Wrecks (Cornwall Books, 1993), pp138–139
^"22 Killed as U.S. Copter Crashes", Oakland Tribune, November 1, 1972, p1; James W. Williams, A History of Army Aviation: From Its Beginnings to the War on Terror (iUniverse, 2005), p167
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